Intercalation of alkylamines into an organic polymer crystal

Organic solid-state synthesis allows formation of products that are difficult or impossible to produce by conventional methods. This feature, and the high degree of reaction selectivity that can be achieved, is a direct result of the control over the relative orientation of the reactants afforded by the solid state. But as the successful development of 'topochemical reactions' requires the careful design of suitable reactant crystals, the range of both reactions and products amenable to this approach has been limited. However, recent advances in organic crystal engineering, particularly the rational design of complex solid architectures through supramolecular preorganization, have renewed interest in topochemical reactions. Previously, we have orientated muconate monomers--diene moieties with a carboxylate group on each end--using long-chain n-alkylammonium ions, such that the topochemical photopolymerization of the solid-state reactants produces layered crystals of stereoregular and high-molecular-mass polymers. Here we show that these polymer crystals are capable of repeated, reversible intercalation by conversion to the analogous poly(carboxylic acid), followed by transformation into a number of poly(alkylammonium muconate)s upon addition of the appropriate amine. Introduction of functional groups into these crystals may allow the design of organic solids for applications such as molecular recognition, separation and catalysis, thereby extending the range and practical utility of current intercalation compounds.     

聚合物/层状无机物插层型纳米复合材料

本文概述了适于制备聚合物/层状无机物插层型纳米复合材料的主客体材料类型及聚合物插入到无机物层间的影响因素。简介了该复合材料的制备方法、结构和性能特征及潜在的应用前景。     

不同缓冲体系的牛血清白蛋白插层蒙脱石效果

利用离子交换的原理,研究等电点两侧的不同pH值、不同缓冲体系对牛血清白蛋白插层蒙脱石效果的影响.结果发现,pH值对蒙脱石插层影响显著.在采用低于蛋白质等电点的pH值且利用乙酸-乙酸钠作为缓冲体系时,蛋白质的插层容易造成蒙脱石层间的剥离.等电点两侧的pH值不同,会造成蛋白质插入量的显著差异.热重分析表明,蛋白质/蒙脱石复合物的热稳定性有一定程度的提高.     

Impact spherules as a record of an ancient heavy bombardment of Earth

Impact craters are the most obvious indication of asteroid impacts, but craters on Earth are quickly obscured or destroyed by surface weathering and tectonic processes. Earth’s impact history is inferred therefore either from estimates of the present-day impactor flux as determined by observations of near-Earth asteroids, or from the Moon’s incomplete impact chronology. Asteroids hitting Earth typically vaporize a mass of target rock comparable to the projectile’s mass. As this vapour expands in a large plume or fireball, it cools and condenses into molten droplets called spherules. For asteroids larger than about ten kilometres in diameter, these spherules are deposited in a global layer. Spherule layers preserved in the geologic record accordingly provide information about an impact even when the source crater cannot be found. Here we report estimates of the sizes and impact velocities of the asteroids that created global spherule layers. The impact chronology from these spherule layers reveals that the impactor flux was significantly higher 3.5 billion years ago than it is now. This conclusion is consistent with a gradual decline of the impactor flux after the Late Heavy Bombardment.     

一种新混沌系统的计算机仿真与电路模拟

本文设计并实现了一种混沌发生器。首先对电路进行了分析并用Pspice进行了仿真,然后对硬件电路用示波器进行了观察,最后对观察和仿真结果进行了比较与分析,计算机仿真结果和硬件电路实验结果一致。     

锂在苯碳黑中的电化学插入反应

利用循环伏安法对锂在苯碳黑中的插入过程进行了研究。结果表明,锂在苯碳黑中的首次插入过程伴随着一些不可逆反应,这些不可逆反应是由于电解质溶液中的溶剂化离子的插入引起的。在碳表面也存在的不可逆反应。随着具有石墨结构成分的增加,在碳中有了明显的锂插入反应。经1000℃以上温度处理过的碳黑锂的迁出电位在0.1左右,从而能代替锂作二次锂电池阳极材料。     

智能仪表的零点自动补偿方法

元件的温漂和参数的分散性以及电源的波动等因素都会造成仪表的零点漂移和满度的改变。本文提出了一种智能仪表零点和满度自动校正的方法,给出了零点和满度校正的电路和软件框图,现该方法已经应用于实际中,并取得了良好的效果。     

中国俗文学研究的新视野--"俗文学研究的理论与方法"学术研讨会述要

2006年4月，由中国俗文学学会和北京大学主办的中国俗文学学会第五届代表大会暨“俗文学研究的理论与方法”学术研讨会在北京召开。作为连任的学会会长，陈平原教授回顾和总结了上一届学会的工作，并再次从文学史、思想史和学术史角度阐述了他对中国俗文学的价值认定。谭帆教授、段宝林教授、金荣华教授、李祥林研究员、陈文新教授等作了重要发言，会议还提交了数十篇论文。     

基于LTCC技术的新型电感模型设计

目的 设计新型的LTCC螺旋电感的等效电路模型.方法 考虑到LTCC多层结构之间的相互影响,在基本等效电路的基础上,增加了对地的耦合电容和电感,以及螺旋结构之间耦合电容、电感.结果 通过三维电磁仿真和高频电路仿真表明电路模型和三维LTCC螺旋电感在0～10 GHz范围内有非常好的吻合度.结论 新型电路模型在较宽的频率范围内能够代替三维LTCC电感,在射频电路设计方面有很强的实用性.     

断路器控制回路接线的改进

分析了典型的电气二次回路接线中的断路器合闸回路、防跳回路接线存在的问题,提出了改进的接线,试验证明这些改进是正确可行的.     

Insight into tubulin regulation from a complex with colchicine and a stathmin-like domain

Microtubules are cytoskeletal polymers of tubulin involved in many cellular functions. Their dynamic instability is controlled by numerous compounds and proteins, including colchicine and stathmin family proteins. The way in which microtubule instability is regulated at the molecular level has remained elusive, mainly because of the lack of appropriate structural data. Here, we present the structure, at 3.5 A resolution, of tubulin in complex with colchicine and with the stathmin-like domain (SLD) of RB3. It shows the interaction of RB3-SLD with two tubulin heterodimers in a curved complex capped by the SLD amino-terminal domain, which prevents the incorporation of the complexed tubulin into microtubules. A comparison with the structure of tubulin in protofilaments shows changes in the subunits of tubulin as it switches from its straight conformation to a curved one. These changes correlate with the loss of lateral contacts and provide a rationale for the rapid microtubule depolymerization characteristic of dynamic instability. Moreover, the tubulin-colchicine complex sheds light on the mechanism of colchicine's activity: we show that colchicine binds at a location where it prevents curved tubulin from adopting a straight structure, which inhibits assembly.     

用于印制线路板的新退焊锡剂研究

本研究采用烯丙基磺酸 (作络合剂 )、硝酸 (作氧化剂 )、硝酸铁 (作均相催化剂 )和咪唑 (防铜蚀抑制剂 )为组分开发了一种新的退焊锡剂 ,它具有优良的退锡特性—退速快 (≤ 30s) ,退除容量大 (≥ 10 0g/L) ,对铜无腐蚀 ,体系中不出现沉积物以及产品的颜色光亮 .喷射退锡实验的结果说明本退锡剂各组份的适宜浓度范围为 :HNO3为 60～ 150g/L ,Fe(NO3) 3为 4 5～ 110g/L ,烯丙基磺酸为 80～ 140g/L以及咪唑为 6～ 12g/L ;它们的最佳范围依次为 12 0～ 140g/L ,90～ 110g/L、10 0～ 12 0g/L和 8～ 9g/L 图 2 ,表 2 ,参 5     

数字电路中“卡诺图”教学方法的探讨

卡诺图是分析和设计数字逻辑电路必不可少的数学工具,文章主要从卡诺图的概念、表示、特点及化简四个方面探讨了卡诺图的教学方法,使卡诺图更易理解和运用．     

对一个不等式定理的研究

研究了一个不等式定理,并给出了它的若干应用.     

Fossil evidence for an ancient divergence of lorises and galagos

Morphological, molecular, and biogeographic data bearing on early primate evolution suggest that the clade containing extant (or 'crown') strepsirrhine primates (lemurs, lorises and galagos) arose in Afro-Arabia during the early Palaeogene, but over a century of palaeontological exploration on that landmass has failed to uncover any conclusive support for that hypothesis. Here we describe the first demonstrable crown strepsirrhines from the Afro-Arabian Palaeogene--a galagid and a possible lorisid from the late middle Eocene of Egypt, the latter of which provides the earliest fossil evidence for the distinctive strepsirrhine toothcomb. These discoveries approximately double the previous temporal range of undoubted lorisiforms and lend the first strong palaeontological support to the hypothesis of an ancient Afro-Arabian origin for crown Strepsirrhini and an Eocene divergence of extant lorisiform families.