铝合金Ni-Co-P/Si3N4镀层的化学复合镀制备及其硬度

针对铝合金硬度较低等缺点,采用化学复合镀方法在铝合金表面制备了Ni-Co-P/Si3N4镀层。通过正交试验,研究了铝硅合金基体化学镀Ni-Co-P/Si3N4镀层的工艺参数对镀层硬度的影响。得出镀液pH值、硫酸钴/(硫酸镍+硫酸钴)物质的量比、氮化硅粉末含量、施镀温度对硬度的影响规律。发现：增大pH值以及镀液中氮化硅含量,保持硫酸钴/(硫酸镍+硫酸钴)物质的量比适中、升高施镀温度可以提高镀层硬度。此外,研究了热处理温度对镀层硬度的影响,发现：硬度随着热处理温度升高而增大,当热处理温度超过400 ℃时,硬度开始下降。     

工艺参数对Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层沉积速率的影响

用电沉积的方法在铜表面制备了Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层,研究了不同的工艺参数,包括阴极电流密度、镀液中纳米SiC悬浮量、镀液pH值、镀液温度和搅拌速度对复合镀层的沉积速率的影响。结果表明:在实验电流范围内,镀层的沉积速率随着阴极电流密度的增大呈线性上升的趋势;随着镀液中纳米颗粒悬浮量、镀液pH值及搅拌速度的增大而增大,当达到一定值时,又开始下降;随着镀液温度升高,逐步降低。最佳参数为:不烧焦镀层前提下的最大电流,纳米颗粒体积质量为5 g/L,pH值3.5～4.0,温度30℃,搅拌速度为中高速。     

机械研磨化学复合镀Ni-P-Al2O3工艺

采用机械研磨化学复合镀工艺在模具锌合金表面获得Ni-P-Al2O3复合镀层,研究镀液成分、纳米Al2O3加入量和工艺条件对镀速的影响.结果表明:硫酸镍、次亚磷酸钠和纳米Al2O3在镀液中的含量均存在极限值,超过极限值后镀速开始下降;在镀液不发生分解时,pH值和温度的提高使镀速迅速上升;机械研磨使镀速显著减小,但玻璃球直径大小对镀速影响不大.优化工艺条件下镀速可达12～13μm/h,在此工艺下获得的镀层硬度高、耐蚀性好.     

pH值对电流化学镀复合结构丝的性能影响研究

采用电流化学镀工艺,在直径为100μm的铜丝上通以150 mA的直流电流,制备了NiCoP/CuBe复合结构丝,研究了镀液pH值对复合结构丝镀层的形貌、镀速、成分、磁性能和GMI效应的影响.研究发现,镀液pH值的改变会引起致密性、镀速、镀层成分和磁性能的变化,结果影响到材料的磁阻抗比和特征频率.pH值为8.4时,得到最大阻抗比为868%.     

Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层在制药设备上的应用研究

对化学复合镀镍磷聚四氟乙烯 (Ni P -PTFE)的工艺进行了研究 ,讨论了表面活性剂、聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE)、pH值与温度对镀层中PTFE的含量和镀速的影响 ,确定出复合镀Ni P -PTFE的最佳工艺 .测定镀层的减摩性能、硬度、磨损率 .首次将Ni P -PTFE应用于制药设备上 ,实验证明Ni P -PTFE镀层不仅有效减小制药过程中的碰撞摩擦 ,更能有效防止药粒与塑料隔板之间的静电作用     

Cu-Sn-Zn三元无氰仿金电镀工艺研究

采用焦磷酸盐Cu-Sn-Zn三元碱性仿金镀体系新工艺,通过改进镀液配方,进行正交试验,得到最佳工艺条件为:实验温度37℃,pH值8.5,电镀时间45 rain和电流密度0.20 A/dm2.以仿金镀速率、外观状况作为衡量标准,重点研究了镀液温度、电流密度对仿金镀镀速和镀层颜色的影响及电镀时间对镀层厚度的影响.结果表明,在其它条件既定的情况下,延长电镀时间可得到传统电镀镀层厚度20倍的镀层.     

Ni-P-纳米TiO_2化学复合镀工艺条件的优化

由于化学复合镀体系不稳定,对工艺条件的要求也比较严格,因此工艺条件对于化学复合镀工艺起着重要作用。以碳钢为基材对其表面进行Ni-P-纳米TiO_2化学复合镀。以沉积速率、分散性、镀层孔隙率以及显微硬度作为评价指标,通过单因素和正交实验来研究镀液中添加纳米TiO_2含量、施镀温度、复合镀液的pH值对纳米TiO_2化学复合镀的影响来优化工艺条件。得到最优工艺条件为纳米TiO_2含量1.0 g/L,温度为88℃,pH值为5.0时沉积速率、分散性、镀层孔隙率以及显微硬度较好。     

影响铝栅板上铅镀层孔隙率的因素探究

铅酸蓄电池因其原材料丰富和价格便宜等优点而在军事、民用领域中广泛应用。为了更好地降低能耗,使铅酸蓄电池的电极薄型化、轻量化,选择铝栅板镀铅替代目前铅酸蓄电池中的纯铅板电极,可以有效地降低蓄电池的重量,这就要求铝栅板上的铅镀层必须具有良好的致密性。本试验对铝栅板镀铅过程的施镀时间,电流密度,镀液温度,pH值,预镀工艺等影响因素进行了研究,探讨了改善铅镀层致密性的方法。结果表明:施镀时间、电流密度、镀液温度和pH值对镀层孔隙率的影响较大,在施镀时间为30 min,电流密度为1.0 A/dm2,镀液温度为40～50℃,pH值在4.0～6.0之间时,所得铅镀层的孔隙率较低。不同的预镀工艺对镀层孔隙率也有影响,采用浸锌→水洗→电镀镍→水洗→电镀铜→水洗→电镀铅工艺时,铅镀层的孔隙率最低。     

Ni-P-B4C复合电刷镀工艺研究

在Ni-P-B4C合金电刷镀技术的基础上,研究了在镀液中加入B4C微粒,通过改变镀液浓度、电压、pH值以及镀速等条件,达到改变镀层的厚度、硬度以及耐蚀性等。经过多次实验比较,得到了Ni-P-B4C合金复合电刷镀镀液较佳的浓度配制。并对电刷镀镀液各成分在刷镀中的作用以及它们对镀速和镀层成分的影响等方面作了较详细的分析。进而对复合电刷镀中微粒的共沉积机理作了初步的探讨。从而提出了一套较完整的Ni-P-B4C复合电刷镀工艺方案。     

电镀Ni—P非晶合金的研制

本文研究了在电沉积过程中阴极超电位与形成非晶态的关系。实验结果表明,在阴极极化曲线的平台处易产生非晶态。还讨论了电沉积条件对形成非晶态镀层的影响。在较高的镀液温度,低的pH值及适当的电流密度的条件下,镀液中H_3Po_3含量达到一定的比值,镀层易形成非晶态。镀液中H_3PO_3含量越高,镀层中的磷含量越高,当磷含量超过9％时形成非晶态,且镀层的耐蚀性随其磷含量的增加而增强。热处理温度对镀层的影响也做了检验。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.