Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA

Identification of complementary DNAs encoding the human glucocorticoid receptor predicts two protein forms, of 777 (alpha) and 742 (beta) amino acids, which differ at their carboxy termini. The proteins contain a cysteine/lysine/arginine-rich region which may define the DNA-binding domain. Pure radiolabelled glucocorticoid receptor, synthesized in vitro, is immunoreactive and possesses intrinsic steroid-binding activity characteristic of the native glucocorticoid receptor.     

Human oestrogen receptor cDNA: sequence, expression and homology to v-erb-A

We have cloned and sequenced the complete complementary DNA of the oestrogen receptor (ER) present in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The expression of the ER cDNA in HeLa cells produces a protein that has the same relative molecular mass and binds oestradiol with the same affinity as the MCF-7 ER. There is extensive homology between the ER and the erb-A protein of the oncogenic avian erythroblastosis virus.     

Homology between human bladder carcinoma oncogene product and mitochondrial ATP-synthase

More than 10 different dominant transforming genes (oncogenes) have been identified in human tumours. A human bladder carcinoma oncogene, closely related in sequence to retroviral transforming genes, is split into four exons; the first encodes the N-terminal 37 residues of p21, a protein of unknown function. The oncogene is activated by a single point mutation (guanine to thymine) resulting in the change glycine to valine at position 12 of p21 (refs 3, 4). We report here that the amino acid sequence surrounding this residue is highly homologous to the beta-subunit of mitochondrial and bacterial ATP-synthase in the region of the polypeptide that is believed to contribute to nucleotide binding. Thus, p21 may form part of an enzyme that uses purine nucleotides in catalysis. This is consistent with the finding that an equivalent murine oncogene product binds GTP.     

Antisera to a synthetic peptide of the sis viral oncogene product recognize human platelet-derived growth factor

It has recently been reported that the sequences of the sis oncogene of simian sarcoma virus (SSV) and of human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) are very similar, establishing the most solid link yet between the mitogenic actions of growth factors and the transforming proteins of retroviruses. To investigate molecular mechanisms of transformation I have produced antisera against synthetic peptides corresponding to segments of the protein sequences predicted by the nucleotide sequences of viral oncogenes. Applying this approach to the case of sis and PDGF, I report here the results of probing outdated human platelets with an antiserum directed against a synthetic peptide representing residues 139-155 of the predicted sequence of the SSV transforming protein, p28sis (ref. 3). I detected peptides of apparent molecular weights (MWs) 30,000 to 31,000 (30-31K) and 16-18K, which correspond to the apparent molecular weights of nonreduced and reduced PDGF. In addition, a peptide of MW 21,000 was detected in platelets and a protein of MW 56,000 was detected in SSV-infected marmoset cells.     

X-ray analysis of glucagon and its relationship to receptor binding.

X-ray analysis of the pancreatic hormone glucagon shows that in crystals the polypeptide adopts a mainly helical conformation, which is stabilised by hydrophobic interactions between molecules related by threefold symmetry. A model is presented in which the glucagon molecule exists in dilute solutions as an equilibrium population of conformers with little retention of conformers with little retention of structure, and in which the helical conformation is stablised by hydrophobic interactions either as an oligomer or as a complex with the receptor.     

Human insulin receptor and its relationship to the tyrosine kinase family of oncogenes

We have deduced the entire 1,370-amino-acid sequence of the human insulin receptor precursor from a single complementary DNA clone. The precursor starts with a 27-amino-acid signal sequence, followed by the receptor alpha-subunit, a precursor processing enzyme cleavage site, then the beta-subunit containing a single 23-amino-acid transmembrane sequence. There are sequence homologies to human epidermal growth factor receptor and the members of the src family of oncogene products.     

Primary structure of the alpha-subunit of transducin and its relationship to ras proteins

A group of membrane-associated guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G-proteins) are essential for transducing signals generated at cell-surface receptors into changes in cellular function and metabolism. These proteins are a complex of three subunits designated alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha-subunit is responsible for binding guanine nucleotides and seems to be characteristic of each protein. Transducin, a member of this protein family, mediates visual transduction by coupling the signal of photolysed rhodopsin with activation of a cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase. We have now cloned and sequenced the complementary DNA encoding the alpha-subunit of bovine retinal transducin and from this we have deduced the complete amino-acid sequence. The transducin alpha-subunit shares several homologous amino-acid sequences with ras gene products. The homologous segments correspond mostly to the regions thought to be involved in the guanine nucleotide binding and GTPase activity of ras proteins and to the ADP-ribosylation sites of the transducin alpha-subunit.     

基于SOM的产品设计结构模块划分及其评价

针对数值型设计结构矩阵(DSM),提出采用自组织映射(SOM)算法的产品设计结构模块聚类方法。该方法将DSM中的信息经过初始化后作为SOM网络的输入层,然后通过训练SOM神经网络模型获得聚类方案。文中还提出了综合考虑模块内聚性和耦合性并且适用于数值型DSM的聚类效果评价指标。案例分析表明,与DSM经典算法相比,本文提出的聚类方法和评价指标能够优化产品设计模块划分。     

Hepatitis B virus DNA integration in a sequence homologous to v-erb-A and steroid receptor genes in a hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is clearly involved in the aetiology of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the finding of HBV DNA integration into human liver DNA in almost all HCCs studied suggested that these integrated viral sequences may be involved in liver oncogenesis. Several HBV integrations in different HCCs and HCC-derived cell lines have been analysed after molecular cloning without revealing any obvious role for HBV. From a comparison of a HBV integration site present in a particular HCC with the corresponding unoccupied site in the non-tumorous tissue of the same liver, we now report that HBV integration places the viral sequence next to a liver cell sequence which bears a striking resemblance to both an oncogene (v-erb-A) and the supposed DNA-binding domain of the human glucocorticoid receptor and human oestrogen receptor genes. We suggest that this gene, usually silent or transcribed at a very low level in normal hepatocytes, becomes inappropriately expressed as a consequence of HBV integration, thus contributing to the cell transformation.     

Sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus and its relationship to the human immunodeficiency viruses

The characterization of HIV-1 (HTLV-III/LAV), the human retrovirus associated with AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) has led to the identification of a group of related human and simian retroviruses which also infect CD4-bearing T lymphocytes. Simian T-lymphotropic virus type III (simian immodeficiency virus) from macaques (STLV-IIIMAC) induces symptoms similar to those of AIDS in infected macaques, but isolates from African green monkeys (STLV-IIIAGM) and mangabeys (STLV-IIMM) appear to be non-pathogenic in these animals. A human virus immunologically related to STLV-IIIAGM (HTLV-IV), reported to have been isolated from healthy humans, has been shown to be almost identical to STLV-IIIAGM, which has called into question the independent origin of these viruses. Here we report the complete DNA sequence of STLV-IIIAGM and analyse its relationship with the genomes of the HTLV-IIIB strain of HIV-1, HIV-2ROD (previously called LAV-2) and several ungulate lentiretroviruses. STLV-IIIAGM and HIV-2 are closely related, and more distantly related to HIV-1.     

TL-带算商环及其直积结构

引入了TL-带算商环的概念,给出了TL-带算环的同态基本定理,证明了两个TL-带算子环(理想)的直积还是TL-带算子环(理想),并讨论了TL-带算商环的直积结构.T表示完备的Brouwerian格L上任意给定的无穷∨-分配t-模.     

癌基因密码子间的距离和Y-内积表示及其应用

为了深入研究正常基因变为癌基因时,氨基酸亲疏水性的变化趋势,在已经建立的代数结构的基础上给出了全新的距离及Y-内积的定义,通过计算得出GF(7)上36个本原多项式及其根,并得出了对应的生物意义的表示,利用所建立的理论数学模型分析了在胃癌,食道癌,肺癌以及B细胞淋巴癌中的p53错义突变过程中氨基酸亲疏水性的变化.结果表明...     

Complete nucleotide sequences of the T24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene and its normal homologue

DNA sequence analysis of the activated oncogene from the T24 human bladder carcinoma line and two alleles of its normal cellular progenitor (c-Ha-ras-1) indicates that the genes encompass at least four exons, and that only a single point mutation residing within the first exon distinguishes the coding region of both alleles of the normal gene from their activated counterpart. Both versions of the gene encode a protein which is predicted to differ from the corresponding viral gene product at three amino acid residues, one of which was previously shown to represent the major site of phosphorylation of the viral polypeptide.     

A new acute transforming feline retrovirus and relationship of its oncogene v-kit with the protein kinase gene family

A new acute transforming feline retrovirus, the Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma virus (HZ4-FeSV), has been isolated from a feline fibrosarcoma. The viral genome of HZ4-FeSV contains a new oncogene designated v-kit, has the structure 5' delta gag-kit-delta pol-delta env 3' and specifies a gag-kit polyprotein of relative molecular mass 80,000. The predicted kit amino-acid sequence displays partial homology with tyrosine-specific protein kinase oncogenes. HZ4-FeSV appears to have been generated by transduction of feline c-kit sequences with feline leukaemia virus.