弹体高速侵彻混凝土靶侵彻效率影响因素分析

为研究弹体高速侵彻混凝土靶体时,最大侵彻深度随弹体撞击速度的变化规律,定义侵彻效率为侵彻深度与速度的比值。针对一定的弹靶系统,通过实验数据和数值仿真研究了最大侵彻效率对应的弹体特征撞击速度。弹体撞击速度对侵彻效率的影响呈抛物线分布。随着速度的提高侵彻效率先增大后减少。侵彻效率达到极值前,随着速度的增大侵彻深度增加幅度很大。当最大侵彻效率对应的特征撞击速度增加约5%时,侵彻深度和侵彻能力最高。混凝土单轴抗压强度、弹头部形状系数、弹体长径比、弹体材料的强度及机械性能对侵彻效率的影响较大。     

弹体高速侵彻混凝土靶侵彻效率影响因素分析

为研究弹体高速侵彻混凝土靶体时,最大侵彻深度随弹体撞击速度的变化规律,定义侵彻效率为侵彻深度与速度的比值。针对一定的弹靶系统,通过实验数据和数值仿真研究了最大侵彻效率对应的弹体特征撞击速度。弹体撞击速度对侵彻效率的影响呈抛物线分布。随着速度的提高侵彻效率先增大后减少。侵彻效率达到极值前,随着速度的增大侵彻深度增加幅度很大。当最大侵彻效率对应的特征撞击速度增加约5%时,侵彻深度和侵彻能力最高。混凝土单轴抗压强度、弹头部形状系数、弹体长径比、弹体材料的强度及机械性能对侵彻效率的影响较大。     

侵蚀弹超高速撞击岩石类材料的成坑效应

为了研究超高速弹体对岩石类材料的撞击机理,在分析岩石类材料侵彻近区拟流体特征的基础上,利用不可压缩理想流体的伯努利方程,考虑弹体侵蚀破坏过程中的强度变化和靶体破碎介质的反向喷射,建立了成坑效应计算模型,通过实验对比验证了模型的合理性,并分析了影响成坑效应的主要因素。分析表明:侵彻深度随着撞击速度呈现增大—逆转—趋向极限的变化规律,弹坑半径则随撞击速度的提高而增大;靶体材料的动力硬度对侵彻深度的影响不大,但对弹坑半径影响较大;当撞击能量相同时,不同长径比弹体造成的弹坑体积相同。     

柱形平头弹体墩粗变形的理论分析

为了研究弹体撞击靶板过程中的弹靶变形耦合效应,在考虑靶板变形的同时,对柱形平头弹体的墩粗变形进行了理论分析．文中以Taylor模型为基础,建立了一个新的弹体撞击变形靶板的墩粗变形分析模型．给出了数值解,得到了各个变量随时间的变化关系及撞击结束后弹体的整体形状尺寸,并进一步得到了各形状参数和变形延续时间与撞击速度和弹靶特性的关系．结果表明,所建立的理论模型更加接近实验结果,分析结果更为合理．     

横向效应增强型侵彻体撞击金属薄板理论模型

为了分析影响横向效应增强型侵彻体( PELE)弹壳体横向速度的因素,该文建立了其横向速度的理论分析模型.该模型基于动能定理和动量定理,考虑了PELE弹对金属薄板灵敏度的要求,结合了PELE弹作用原理及其对金属薄板的作用特点.综合考虑了装填材料及靶板材料的声阻抗、弹体的密度和泊松比、靶板密度及厚度、着靶速度、弹丸壳体的内外径比和长径比因素.结合实战用PELE弹的结构、靶板条件和速度范围,利用LS-DYNA软件进行了三维数值仿真.研究结果发现:PELE弹在壳体自身和装填材料的共同作用下,壳体的横向速度随着弹丸着靶速度和装填材料声阻抗的增大而增大,其理论分析模型计算结果与仿真结果一致性较好.     

不同头部形状弹体高速侵彻混凝土试验研究

为研究高速撞击条件下弹体侵彻能力、弹体侵彻极限速度、弹体质量损失等问题,在高速弹道炮上开展了不同头部形状弹体对混凝土靶体高速正侵彻的模型试验,试验最高弹速达到了1 420 m/s,获得了侵彻深度与侵彻速度之间的关系. 结果表明,随着弹体速度的增加,弹道的稳定性逐渐变差,弹体头部侵蚀加重,当弹体初速度大于弹体极限速度时,弹体出现弯曲破坏,侵彻深度下降;不同的头部形状对弹体弯曲变形、弹体头部侵蚀、弹体侵彻深度有着很明显的影响.     

弹体高速侵彻厚钢筋混凝土靶的数值模拟

针对厚钢筋混凝土靶在弹体高速侵彻时的毁伤特性,基于混凝土连续帽盖模型(concrete continuous cap model, CSCM)和共节点耦合建模方法对弹体高速侵彻厚钢筋混凝土靶的毁伤行为进行数值模拟,分析钢筋混凝土靶的损伤分布特性、钢筋结构对混凝土的约束作用。结果表明：高速侵彻时,延性损伤体现在混凝土内部,脆性损伤更多体现在混凝土外部表层,钢筋网能较大程度地约束混凝土延性损伤的扩展;增加竖筋的配置,可预防厚钢筋混凝土靶沿钢筋层产生层断脱离破坏,从而提高钢筋混凝土的抗弹性能;钢筋混凝土迎弹面的崩落面积随侵彻速度增加而增大,首层钢筋越接近表面,约束效果越好。可见,混凝土连续帽盖模型和共节点耦合建模方法能较好地模拟厚钢筋混凝土靶在弹体高速侵彻作用下的毁伤特性。     

弹体垂直侵彻混凝土靶体的柱形空腔膨胀理论分析

采用统一强度理论作为混凝土材料的屈服准则,根据柱形空腔膨胀理论求得了混凝土靶体在弹体垂直侵彻下的空腔膨胀压力和空腔膨胀速度的关系,给出了柱形空腔膨胀条件下卵形弹体侵彻靶体深度的理论计算公式,求出了弹体以400～1100m/s的速度撞击混凝土靶体的侵彻深度,通过和试验结果比较,表明提出的模型具有一定的合理性.进一步研究还表明,统一强度理论参数b、弹体质量和弹头形状对侵彻深度均有影响,b=0时侵彻深度较大,b=1时侵彻深度较小;弹体质量越大或弹头越尖,侵彻深度越大.     

钨合金弹体超高速撞击混凝土靶成坑特性研究

为探究钨合金弹体超高速撞击混凝土靶的成坑直径和成坑体积随动能变化的规律,采用二级轻气炮开展了钨合金弹体以1。97～3。66km/s的速度撞击混凝土靶实验,利用CT图像诊断方法得到了实验后的成坑特性实验数据,并基于点源假设进行了超高速撞击条件下成坑特性的量纲归—化分析。结果表明:超高速撞击条件下靶板成坑为“弹坑+弹洞”型;成坑直径和成坑体积随动能增加而单调递增,通过量纲分析得到成坑直径3次方和成坑体积都与弹体动能近似成正比,拟合指数μ接近动能主导的指数2/3,说明成坑过程主要受动能影响。      

不同速度下B4C陶瓷/铝合金轻型复合靶板抗侵彻行为研究

陶瓷复合装甲由于其本身高硬度、低密度的特点被广泛应用于高机动性武装载体上，其主要威胁弹体为12.7 mm穿甲燃烧弹。该弹种在侵彻陶瓷轻型复合靶板时弹芯会发生脆性破碎失效行为，弹丸着靶速度的不同会导致弹芯破碎程度的变化，从而直接影响侵彻结果。利用12.7 mm穿燃弹以区间速度498.9～769.2 m/s撞击B₄C/铝合金轻型复合靶板的试验，对靶板与弹芯的损伤模式与侵彻行为进行多尺度分析，并利用LS-DYNA软件进行相应数值模拟。研究结果表明：6061-T6铝合金背板主要失效形式为花瓣形撕裂穿孔并伴随永久性隆起形变，试验得到的弹芯碎片的平均特征尺寸随着侵彻速度的增大而减小，证明在高速侵彻过程中弹芯损伤更为严重；弹芯头部的应力远大于其他位置的应力，弹体从头至尾部方向峰值逐渐降低；对弹芯造成损伤的主要为陶瓷抗弹面板，主要损伤位置为陶瓷粉碎区；背板在侵彻过程中主要对陶瓷起支撑与缓速作用，对弹体的体积与形变无明显影响；陶瓷/铝合金复合装甲的能量吸收能力随着侵彻速度的增大而提高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has