一种难选铁矿石磁选精矿直接反浮选的分散特征

介绍了一种处理难选铁矿石磁选精矿的直接反浮选工艺.采用XRD,SEM和EDS等手段对原矿、精矿和尾矿的形貌及矿物组成进行了表征,重点探讨了分离过程中矿物的分散特征,为含碳酸盐难选铁矿石磁选精矿的直接反浮选技术提供理论基础.研究结果表明,采用添加分散剂直接反浮选技术可以获得合格铁精矿;有用铁矿物和脉石矿物细颗粒无选择性粘附在有用铁矿物和脉石粗颗粒表面,是造成铁矿石分离困难的主要原因;分散剂的加入有利于颗粒分散,从而实现了有用铁矿物与脉石矿物的选择性分离.     

Iron ore tailings used for the preparation of cementitious material by compound thermal activation

In the background of little reuse and large stockpile for iron ore tailings, iron ore tailing from Chinese Tonghua were used as raw material to prepare cementitious materials. Cementitious properties of the iron ore tailings activated by compound thermal activation were studied. Testing methods, such as XRD, TG-DTA, and IR were used for researching the phase and structure variety of the iron ore railings in the process of compound thermal activation. The results reveal that a new cementitious material that contains 30wt% of the iron ore tailings can be obtained by compounded thermal activation, whose mortar strength can come up to the standard of 42.5 cement of China.     

辽宁本溪思山岭铁矿石工艺矿物学

通过化学分析、X射线衍射、光学显微镜、电子探针、MLA等分析手段,对辽宁本溪思山岭铁矿石的化学组成、矿物组成、矿物产出形式、嵌布特征及连生关系等进行了详细研究.结果表明:矿石中的铁主要赋存于磁铁矿和赤铁矿中,主要的脉石矿物为石英和含铁白云石,磁铁矿被赤铁矿交代残余、紧密连生,自形晶粒状铁矿物集合体不规则赋存于石英或白云石矿物中,磁铁矿嵌布粒度微细.此研究结果为该铁矿综合利用提供了重要依据.     

碳酸钠在高磷鲕状赤铁矿直接还原中的作用

为了研究碳酸钠对尼日利亚某高磷鲕状赤铁矿直接还原焙烧-磁选脱磷效果的影响,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了添加碳酸钠后直接还原焙烧的产物.结果表明,还原焙烧过程中添加碳酸钠后可以实现脱磷:碳酸钠的加入抑制了铁橄榄石的生成,阻断了磷进入金属铁的过程;使得鲕粒结构破坏,促进金属铁颗粒的聚集长大,有利于金属铁颗粒与脉石的解离;原矿中含磷矿物在焙烧过程中与碳酸钠反应生成可溶性的Na3PO4,在磨矿磁选过程中溶于水,使直接还原铁中磷的含量降低.     

煤的挥发分对高磷鲕状赤铁矿直接还原焙烧的影响

在相同还原焙烧条件和等量添加剂下,系统研究了煤基还原剂中的挥发分对鄂西高磷鲕状赤铁矿在直接还原焙烧过程中对含铁和磷矿物的影响.通过XRD及SEM分析对煤基中挥发分的作用机理进行初步阐述.研究结果表明,煤的挥发分有利于铁回收率的提高,对降低铁产品中磷不利.经过类高温干馏的两种煤种的原煤作为还原剂时,焙烧产品新生成脉石矿物不同,并且原矿中鲕绿泥石和石英等会与含铁矿物发生复杂的化学反应,原矿中含磷矿物大部分仍以氟磷灰石形式存在,但少部分含磷矿物仍会参与还原焙烧的反应.     

某高磷鲕状赤铁矿磷赋存状态及还原焙烧脱磷研究

采用浸出、电渗析等试验方法研究了尼日利亚高磷鲕状赤铁矿中磷的赋存状态并采用XRD和SEM分析添加脱磷剂Na2CO3直接还原焙烧产物的特性.结果表明,含磷矿物主要是呈微细粒包裹体嵌布在铁矿物鲕粒的裂隙或孔洞中的纤磷钙铝石(CaAl3(OH)6(HPO4)(PO4))、蓝磷铝铁矿(FeAl2(PO4)2OH·6H2O)以及均匀分散在铁矿物中的磷.通过添加脱磷剂Na2CO3的还原焙烧磁选可实现高效铁磷分离.磷通过两种方式去除:一部分含磷矿物与金属铁分离,存在于脉石矿物中,通过磨矿磁选可以有效去除,一部分含磷矿物与Na2CO3反应生成溶于水的磷矿物,最终使得还原铁产品中的磷含量降低.     

Relationship between polymerization degree and cementitious activity of iron ore tailings

The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between the polymerization degree and cementitious activity of iron ore tailings. In light of the poor usage of iron ore tailings, stockpile samples from Tangshan were studied in terms of their ability to become cementitious materials. Compound thermal activation was used to improve the cementitious properties of the tailings, while analyzing methods, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), were employed to study the changes in phase and structure under different activation conditions. The results reveal clear relationships between the binding energies of Si2p and O1s, polymerization degree, and cementitious activity of iron ore tailings.     

高磷鲕状赤铁矿石工艺矿物学研究

通过光学显微镜、电子探针、X射线衍射、化学分析、MLA等分析手段,对高磷鲕状赤铁矿石的化学组成、矿物组成、矿物嵌布及鲕粒特征进行了详细研究.结果表明:矿石中的铁主要赋存于赤铁矿和褐铁矿中,主要脉石矿物为石英、鲕绿泥石和胶磷矿.矿石矿物组成复杂,赤铁矿通常与石英、鲕绿泥石、胶磷矿和黏土矿物层层环状包裹形成鲕粒.鲕粒可分为富铁鲕粒和贫铁鲕粒,其粒度主要为01～05mm.此研究结果为该铁矿资源的合理开发利用提供了依据.     

Effects of Na<Subscript>2</Subscript>SO<Subscript>4</Subscript> on iron and nickel reduction in a high-iron and low-nickel laterite ore

This study investigates the reactions of Na₂SO₄ and its effects on iron and nickel reduction in the roasting of a high-iron and low-nickel laterite ore through gas composition, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope analyses. Results showed that a reduction reaction of Na₂SO₄ to SO₂ was performed with roasting up to 600℃. However, no clear influence on iron and nickel reductions appeared, because only a small amount of Na₂SO₄ reacted to produce SO₂. Na₂SO₄ reacted completely at 1000℃, mainly producing troilite and nepheline, which remarkably improves selective reduction of nickel. Furthermore, the production of low-melting-point minerals, including troilite and nepheline, accelerated nickel reduction and delayed iron reduction, which is attributed to the concurrent production of magnesium magnetite, whose structure is more stable than the structure of magnetite. Reduction reactions of Na₂SO₄ resulted in weakening of the reduction atmosphere, and the main product of Na₂SO₄ changed and delayed the reduction of iron. Eventually, iron metallization was effectively controlled during laterite ore reduction roasting, leading to iron mainly being found in wustite and high iron-containing olivine.     

Performance evaluation for selectivity of the flocculant on hematite in selective flocculation

Increased demand for iron ore necessitates the utilization of low-grade iron ore fines, slimes, and existing tailings. Selective flocculation can be an alternative physico-chemical process for utilizing these low-grade fines, slimes, and tailings. In selective flocculation, the most critical objective is the selection of proper reagents that will make floc of desired minerals. In present study, selective flocculation was applied to ultra-fine synthetic mixtures of hematite and kaolinite, and the Fe value was upgraded up to 65.78% with the reduction of Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ values to 2.65% and 3.66%, respectively. Here, degraded wheat starch was used as a flocculant.In this process, separation occurs on the basis of the selectivity of the flocculant. The selectivity of the flocculant can be quantified in terms of separation efficiency. Here, an attempt was also made to develop a correlation between separation efficiency and major operating parameters such as flocculent dose, pH value, and solid concentration to predict the separation performance.     

高铝铁矿石工艺矿物学特征及铝铁分离技术

研究高铝褐铁矿石的工艺矿物学特性及其对铝铁分离的影响.研究结果表明,铁矿物主要为针铁矿和赤铁矿;铝的载体矿物主要是以微细颗粒集合体被针铁矿包裹的三水铝石和以类质同象存在于针铁矿中的铝;铝硅酸盐矿物呈分散状或浸染状与针铁矿共生,铁铝赋存关系十分复杂.强磁选、磁化焙烧-磁选不能有效破坏矿石中铝、铁细粒嵌布和类质同象结构,铝铁分离效果不明显;钠盐焙烧-浸出工艺能有效实现高铝褐铁矿的铝铁分离,当原矿全铁含量为48.92%,Al2O3含量为8.16%,SiO2含量为4.24%时,可获得全铁品位为62.84%,Al2O3含量为2.33%,SiO2含量为0.45%的铁精矿,铁的回收率为98.56%.     

铁尾矿的机械力化学活化及制备高强结构材料

以北京密云铁矿尾矿为原料,采用机械力化学方法对其进行活化,并采用粒度分析、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及红外光谱(IR)分析机械力化学效应对尾矿活性的影响.以铁尾矿为主要原料制备出抗压强度达到89MPa、尾矿总体掺量达到70%的尾矿高强结构材料.     

CaF2强化红土镍矿自还原过程中金属相聚集长大行为

针对高镁高硅型中低品位红土镍矿,采用煤基自还原-细磨-磁选工艺制备镍铁粉,研究了内配碳比对红土镍矿中铁、镍氧化物自还原的影响,CaF_2对红土镍矿自还原过程中氧化物的还原、金属相的析出及聚集长大的影响规律。研究表明在CaF_2作用下通过降低内配碳比可抑制氧化铁的还原,从而获得镍品位较高的镍铁粉,但相应牺牲镍的回收率;CaF_2能与红土镍矿中高熔点的硅酸盐脉石通过固相反应生成低熔点的透闪石(Ca_2Mg_5(Si_4O_(11))_2F_2),使硅酸盐矿物结构由岛状转变为链状,提高硅酸盐矿物反应活性,促进镍、铁氧化物的还原;通过降低红土镍矿脉石相的熔化性温度,CaF_2能明显强化红土镍矿自还原过程中金属相的析出、聚集和长大,促进镍铁与脉石的有效分离,从而大幅度提高镍铁粉中镍和铁的品位及金属元素的回收率。     

闽西某铅锌尾矿工艺矿物学研究

利用XRD、SEM、MLA自动检测等技术对闽西地区某铅锌尾矿进行工艺矿物学分析,主要进行化学组成、矿物组成、解离度以及主要金属矿物的嵌布特征、元素赋存状态等研究.结果表明:尾矿中硫和铁元素含量较高,品位分别为8.07%和25.90%,具有回收价值,含铁矿物主要是磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿和磁铁矿等;矿石粒度分布较不均匀,但含铁矿物主要是粗颗粒形态,单体解离度高.     

Upgrading and dephosphorization of Western Australian iron ore using reduction roasting by adding sodium carbonate

The technology of direct reduction by adding sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) and magnetic separation was developed to treat Western Australian high phosphorus iron ore. The iron ore and reduced product were investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It is found that phosphorus exists within limonite in the form of solid solution, which cannot be removed through traditional ways. During reduction roasting, Na₂CO₃ reacts with gangue minerals (SiO₂ and Al₂O₃), forming aluminum silicate-containing phosphorus and damaging the ore structure, which promotes the separation between iron and phosphorus during magnetic separation. Meanwhile, Na₂CO₃ also improves the growth of iron grains, increasing the iron grade and iron recovery. The iron concentrate, assaying 94.12wt% Fe and 0.07wt% P at the iron recovery of 96.83% and the dephosphorization rate of 74.08%, is obtained under the optimum conditions. The final product (metal iron powder) after briquetting can be used as the burden for steelmaking by an electric arc furnace to replace scrap steel.     

深度还原-弱磁选回收稀土尾矿中铁的试验研究

对某全铁品位为1625%的稀土尾矿进行了深度还原-弱磁选回收铁试验研究,研究了还原剂种类及用量、焙烧温度及时间、磨矿细度及磁场强度对铁精矿品位和回收率的影响,并采用SEM,XRD等手段对稀土尾矿、焙烧产物、铁精矿进行了测试.结果表明,在烟煤质量分数30%,焙烧温度1300℃,焙烧时间60min,磨矿细度-0074mm占75%,磁场强度118kA/m的条件下,所得铁精矿TFe品位可达8076%,铁回收率可达9324%;稀土尾矿经深度还原后,其中的赤、褐铁矿、硅酸铁等含铁矿物转化为单质铁,铁精矿品位和回收率较常规选矿方法大幅度提高,同时脉石矿物组成简单,有利于萤石的富集回收.     

机械活化对铁尾矿火山灰活性的影响

为了提高铁尾矿的火山灰活性，通过PSD，XRD，SEM等分析手段研究不同活化时间和球料比对铁尾矿砂浆活性指数的影响.实验结果表明:机械活化后的铁尾矿具有潜在的胶凝性能，其活性指数受活化时间及球料比(质量比)的影响较大，机械活化40min，球料比(质量比)9∶4和机械活化30min，球料比2∶1 的铁尾矿活性指数可满足火山灰混合材料的使用要求.机械活化后铁尾矿的强度受胶凝性能影响大于微填充作用，活化后的铁尾矿颗粒微级配均匀程度均小于未活化的铁尾矿.铁尾矿的掺入改变了水泥体系的碱度及水化产物的孔结构并使更多的CO₂进入砂浆内部，导致生成了更多的碳酸盐类产物.     

掺加铁矿尾砂的沥青混合料的路用性能

铁矿尾砂利用于沥青路面工程既环保又经济。通过高温车辙试验、蠕变试验和低温弯曲试验评价了掺铁矿尾砂的沥青混合料的路用性能。结果表明,掺铁矿尾砂能够明显提高沥青混合料的高温和低温性能,对混合料水稳定性影响较小。铁矿尾砂可以在沥青路面工程中大规模推广应用。     

新疆且日克其菱铁矿床地质特征

且日克其菱铁矿床位于西昆仑金属成矿省布伦口-桑株塔格多金属成矿带西端,是一大型铁矿床。矿床赋存于下志留统温泉沟群（S1w）底部,矿体围岩主要为石英片岩、大理岩,矿体形态为透镜状、似层状,单个矿体长180-325m,厚一般10-70m,矿石矿物主要为菱铁矿,脉石矿物主要为石英、白云母、和铁白云石和少量黄铁矿和黄铜矿等。矿石平均品位为TFe4507％,属高炉富矿。（CaO＋MgO）／（SiO2＋Al2O3）比值平均0．29,属酸性铁矿石。矿石主要呈粗粒自形一半自形结构、致密块状构造、条带状构造;矿石类型主要为块状矿石、其次为条带状矿石;矿床层控性明显,成因类型属于喷流沉积矿床（SEDEX）。     

镍钼矿浮选尾矿工艺矿物学及再选试验研究

镍钼矿浮选尾矿中Ni、Mo的品位分别为0.42%、0.62%,仍然具有开发利用价值.通过工艺矿物学分析,解释了镍钼矿浮选尾矿中镍、钼均主要以硫化矿形式存在,钼矿物与脉石矿嵌布关系密切,镍矿物与黄铁矿共生关系密切.通过再选闭路试验,浮选得到了Ni、Mo品位分别为1.44%、1.89%的再选精矿,Ni、Mo回收率分别为46.39%、41.24%,增加了镍钼矿综合回收利用.