碱熔融法合成NaA和NaX型粉煤灰沸石对亚甲蓝的吸附动力学研究

以粉煤灰为原料采用碱熔融法合成了两种单一沸石矿物种的NaA和NaX型沸石,通过静态吸附实验,研究了这两种沸石对水溶液中亚甲蓝(MB)的吸附特性,从动力学角度探讨了吸附机理.结果表明:在所研究的浓度和pH值条件下,合成NaA和NaX型沸石对亚甲蓝的吸附平衡数据符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,静态饱和吸附量(Qm)分别为37.81和43.02 mg.g-1;氢键作用是影响亚甲蓝吸附行为的主要因素;通过动边界模型研究表明,两种沸石对亚甲蓝吸附过程的速度控制步骤为液膜扩散,且亚甲蓝的吸附过程符合伪二级方程.     

人工合成NaA型沸石对锶铯的吸附研究

本文通过实验研究了人工合成ＮａＡ型沸石及天然沸石矿物对锶铯的吸附作用。研究表明人工合成ＮａＡ型沸石对锶铯的吸附性能优于天然沸石、且迁移率低,是吸附中低放核素９０Ｓｒ及１３７ Ｃｓ理想材料     

Fast formation of NaA zeolite membrane in the microwave field

NaA zeolite membrane was successfully synthesized on the porous α-Al₂O₃ support by microwave heating. The synthesis of NaA zeolite membrane in the microwave field only needs 15 min and the synthesis time is 10 times shorter than that by conventional heating. SEM characterization indicates that the zeolite crystals in the NaA zeolite membrane synthesized by microwave heating are uniform in size; the membrane thickness is about 4 μm and is thinner than that of the NaA zeolite membrane synthesized by conventional heating. Gas permeation studies indicate that the permeances of the NaA zeolite membrane synthesized by microwave heating are 3–4 times higher than those of the NaA zeolite membrane synthesized by conventional heating, while their permselectivities are comparable.     

红土镍矿微波水热法浸提镍钴

采用微波水热盐酸浸出方法对腐泥土型红土镍矿提取镍钴进行了研究,详细探讨了焙烧预处理、微波水热浸出温度和浸出时间对镍钴浸出率的影响.对于300℃焙烧预处理后的红土镍矿,微波水热温度为50℃,浸出时间为1 h时,镍的浸出率高达93.65%,钴的浸出率为87.86%.红土镍矿的微波水热浸出体系与普通水热浸出体系相比,镍和钴的浸出效果更好.研究表明,扩散过程是镍、钴浸出过程的主要限制环节.     

沸石对于亚硝胺的选择性吸附及其在卷烟中的应用

沸石能选择性地强吸附亚硝胺 .气相中的吡咯烷亚硝胺 (NPYR)和二甲基亚硝胺 (NDMA)被沸石吸附后 ,5 2 3K以上才脱附 -分解 .实验表明沸石添加剂并未影响卷烟的物理性质和燃烧 ,烟气中的烟草特有亚硝胺 (TSNA)明显减少 ,有益于保护环境和吸烟者的身体健康 .     

離子交換法制備載銀沸石抗菌劑及其性能研究

以酸活化沸石為載體,AgNO3為反應液,通過離子交換法制備載銀沸石抗菌劑.采取正交試驗法研究了制備工藝對抗菌劑載銀量及抗菌性能的影響.結果發現沸石的酸化是重要的影響因素,其次是AgNO3的濃度、反應溫度和時間.試驗表明,最佳的制備工藝條件為:活化酸度(HCl)1.5 mol/L,AgNO3濃度0.5 mol/L,反應溫度50℃,反應時間2 h.通過最佳的制備工藝條件制備載銀沸石抗菌劑的載銀量為2.40%,這種抗菌劑具有良好的抗菌性能.     

乙醇-水溶液的渗透蒸发膜分离(英文)

报导一种用于渗透蒸发分离乙醇-水溶液的长寿命复合膜,它是通过在不对称多孔镍基片沉积等离子体聚合物薄层而制成的.根据等离子体聚合条件的不同分离膜可以是乙醇优先透过性的或水优先透过性的,其中等离子体聚吡咯烷膜的水分离系数可达3.7,等离子体聚(N-乙烯基比咯烷酮+甲烷)的乙醇分离系数可达2.7基于多孔镍基片在溶剂中的结构稳定性和等离子体聚合物的交联网络,这种复合分离膜有希望发展成为一种抗溶剂,长寿命的渗透蒸发膜。     

Feasibility of co-reduction roasting of a saprolitic laterite ore and waste red mud

Large scale utilization is still an urgent problem for waste red mud with a high content of alkaline metal component in the future. Laterite ores especially the saprolitic laterite ore are one refractory nickel resource, the nickel and iron of which can be effectively recovered by direct reduction and magnetic separation. Alkaline metal salts were usually added to enhance reduction of laterite ores. The feasibility of co-reduction roasting of a saprolitic laterite ore and red mud was investigated. Results show that the red mud addition promoted the reduction of the saprolitic laterite ore and the iron ores in the red mud were co-reduced and recovered. By adding 35wt% red mud, the nickel grade and recovery were 4.90wt% and 95.25wt%, and the corresponding iron grade and total recovery were 71.00wt% and 93.77wt%, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis results revealed that red mud addition was helpful to increase the liquid phase and ferronickel grain growth. The chemical compositions “CaO and Na₂O” in the red mud replaced FeO to react with SiO₂ and MgSiO₃ to form augite.     

磷钼钒多酸基固体酸催化剂高效加氢精制FCC汽油

以目前国际上两大研究热点杂多酸和纳米晶沸石为研究的活性组分和载体,采用浸渍法制备了镍盐(以NiO计2.5%)促进的单钒取代磷钼酸(10%)基纳米HZSM—5复合固体酸催化剂,IR和UV-Raman表征的结果显示单钒取代磷钼酸以Keggin结构存在于载体纳米晶HZSM—5上.在连续固定床反应器上以劣质催化裂化汽油加氢精制为探针反应评价了制备催化剂的反应性能.评价结果表明,在温和的反应条件下[汽油,2.2mL/h;WHSV,0.8h-1;反应温度285℃;VH2∶V油=300;系统压力2.1MPa;催化剂装填量2.1g],产物组成经碱洗和乙醇调和后可达到93#汽油国V排放标准,催化剂显示出了良好的低温芳构化、加氢脱硫反应性能和催化活性的稳定性.催化剂具有可循环使用、制备方法简单和加氢精制活性高等优势,具有一定应用前景.     

硫酸熟化-焙烧法从镍红土矿中回收镍和钴动力学研究

采用X线荧光(XRF)、X线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对镍红土矿的化学组成、物相组织、显微结构以及镍钴赋存状态进行矿物学表征.通过硫酸熟化-焙烧-水浸法从镍红土矿中提取镍和钴,并研究镍和钴在硫酸熟化-焙烧过程中的动力学.结果表明:镍和钴的硫酸化过程符合Bagdasarym提出的多相液固区域反应模型,相应的动力学方程式可以用ln(-ln(1-α)=ln k+nln t(其中,α为反应进行程度,k为反应速率常数,t为反应时间,n为矿物中晶粒性质和几何形状的函数)来表示,镍和钴的硫酸化反应表观活化能分别为21.45 kO/mol和34.81kJ/mol,动力学控制过程为内扩散控制.     

红土镍矿深度还原-磁选富集镍铁实验研究

采用深度还原-磁选工艺,以煤粉为还原剂,添加氧化钙作助溶剂,在微熔化,不完全造渣的条件下,将矿石中镍和铁的氧化物还原成金属镍铁,然后经磁选方法使金属镍铁在磁性产品中得到富集.结果表明,深度还原最佳工艺条件为:还原温度1 300℃,还原时间60 min,配煤过剩倍数2.在此工艺条件下得到镍、铁质量分数分别为5.01%,22.46%的镍铁产品,镍、铁回收率分别为96.05%,79.69%.对深度还原过程研究表明,还原物料中镍和铁以金属合金颗粒形式存在,高温有利于镍铁金属相凝聚,适当延长还原反应时间有利于镍铁颗粒的还原和聚集长大,进而有利于磁选富集.     

Preparation of A-type zeolite membranes on nonporous metal supports by using electrophoretic technique

A-type zeolite membranes were prepared on the nonporous metal supports by using electrophoretic technique. The as-synthesized membranes were characterized by XRD and SEM. The effect of the applied potential on the formation of the A-type zeolite membrane was investigated,and the formation mechanism of zeolite membrane in the electric field was discussed. The results showed that the negative charged zeolite particles could migrate to the anode metal surface homogenously and rapidly under the action of the applied electric field, consequently formed uniform and dense membranes in short time. The applied potential bad great effect on the membrane formation, and more uniform and denser zeolite membranes were prepared on the nonporous metal supports with 1 V potential.     

Ferronickel enrichment by fine particle reduction and magnetic separation from nickel laterite ore

Ferronickel enrichment and extraction from nickel laterite ore were studied through reduction and magnetic separation. Reduction experiments were performed using hydrogen and carbon monoxide as reductants at different temperatures (700–1000°C). Magnetic separation of the reduced products was conducted using a SLon-100 cycle pulsating magnetic separator (1.2 T). Composition analysis indicates that the nickel laterite ore contains a total iron content of 22.50wt% and a total nickel content of 1.91wt%. Its mineral composition mainly consists of serpentine, hortonolite, and goethite. During the reduction process, the grade of nickel and iron in the products increases with increasing reduction temperature. Although a higher temperature is more favorable for reduction, the temperature exceeding 1000°C results in sintering of the products, preventing magnetic separation. After magnetic separation, the maximum total nickel and iron concentrations are 5.43wt% and 56.86wt%, and the corresponding recovery rates are 84.38% and 53.76%, respectively.     

基于BP神经网络的MCM-22分子筛催化性能预测模型研究

基于人工神经网络建模方法,建立了MCM-22分子筛催化剂在苯与丙烯液相烷基化过程中性能预测的BP神经网络模型,该模型关联了催化剂本征性能、工艺条件和反应产物分布之间的相互关系。对不同成型条件下得到的16种结构性能各异的MCM-22分子筛催化剂性能进行实验评价,将所获得的数据用于模型训练和预测结果检验。结果表明,所建立的模型对MCM-22分子筛催化性能具有较高的预测精度,预测平均相对误差为4.21%。因此,将BP神经网络作为MCM-22分子筛催化剂的性能预测和苯与丙烯液相烷基化过程的定量描述模型,是适宜和可靠的。     

Ni/ZSM-5-Al2O3催化剂上润滑油基础油 临氢降凝反应性能研究

以ZSM—5分子筛和拟薄水铝石为原料,硝酸镍为镍源,采用挤条成型及等体积浸渍法制备了不同镍负载量的催化剂。通过N_2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射和吡啶吸附红外光谱等方法对催化剂进行了表征。以加氢裂化尾油为原料,在固定床反应装置上对自制催化剂进行了临氢降凝反应评价。结果表明,负载适量镍可以改善催化剂的孔结构和酸性;在反应温度为280℃、空速为1.0 h~(-1)、氢油比为500、压力为15 MPa的条件下,使用镍负载量为5%的催化剂,可得到凝点为-19℃,收率为62.4%,黏度指数为92的润滑油基础油。     

红土镍矿还原熔炼制备镍铁的试验研究

对低铁、高硅、高镁腐殖土型红土镍矿的脱水和碳还原过程进行DTA-TG分析,确定脱水和固体碳还原反应的温度区间。在煅烧-还原熔炼红土镍矿制备镍铁中,针对矿石自然渣型碱度低、黏度及密度大,不利于金属与渣分离及镍回收率提高等问题,采用控制CaO加入量的方法,调节CaO-FeO-MgO-SiO2系炉渣的黏度和密度;探讨还原剂焦粉及CaO用量、温度、时间对熔炼效果的影响。综合考虑镍铁品位和镍的回收率,确定最佳还原熔炼试验条件:焦粉、石灰与矿石质量比分别为9.0%和8.3%,温度为1 550℃,时间为40 min。在最佳试验条件下,产出的镍铁品位为22.0%,镍、钴回收率分别为92.5%和70.0%。     

B-Si及无胺型Fe-Si-ZSM-5沸石合成规律的研究

用几种伯胺及TEA,TMA为模板剂合成了B-Si-ZSM-5沸石。在不使用有机胺等模板剂的前提下,用加入晶种的方法合成了Fe-Si-ZSM-5沸石。讨论了制备上述沸石的水热合成条件,用X射线衍射、红外光谱、热分析、B.E.T.等手段研究了它们的一些物理化学性质。     

蛇纹石型红土矿常压酸浸实验研究

主要探讨了常压下盐酸对蛇纹石型红土镍矿进行浸出的工艺条件。考察了酸矿比、液固比、反应温度、反应时间等对蛇纹石型红土镍矿浸出的影响。通过实验得出最佳工艺条件:酸矿比为2.5∶1、液固比为5∶1、反应时间为0.5 h、反应温度为100℃。在此条件下镍、钴、铁浸出率分别为100%、100%和90%。     

微波作用下NaA沸石与C~(2 )a的交换反应研究

研究了微波作用下，ＮａＡ沸石中的Ｎａ＋被Ｃａ２＋交换的反应．反应可在１０ｍｉｎ内完成，而在常规加热下需１ｈ．考察了交换时间、交换液浓度及容器底面积对交换度的影响；用ＸＲＤ、ＤＴＡ、ＳＥＭ表征了样品，并对结果进行了讨论     

硫化法脱除铜电解废液中As,Sb,Bi的试验

对硫化沉淀法净化铜电解废液进行了条件试验和扩大试验．结果表明，控制适当的条件，采用硫化法能同时将铜电解废液中绝大部分的As，Sb，Bi除去，而对Ni的回收不产生影响．此外，还对硫化渣中的杂质分离方案进行了讨论，从实践的角度证实了硫化法净化铜电解废液的可行性．