Near-net shape processing of spherical high Nb-TiAl alloy powder by gelcasting

Spherical Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-(W,B,Y) alloy powder prepared by an argon plasma process was near-net shape by gelcasting. In the non-aqueous system, methaerylate-2-hydroxy ethyl, toluene, benzoyl peroxide, and N,N-dimethylaniline were used as the monomer, solvent, initiator, and catalyst, respectively. To improve sintering and forming behaviors, many additives were included in the suspension. The concentrated suspension with a solid loading of 70vol% was prepared. The high Nb-TiAl powder was analyzed by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It was found that the green bodies had a smooth surface and homogeneous microstructure, exhibiting a bending strength as high as 50 MPa. After sintering at 1480℃ for 2 h in vacuum, uniform complex-shaped high Nb-TiAl parts were successfully produced.     

Facile synthesis of nanosized sodium magnesium hydride, NaMgH3

The ternary magnesium hydride NaMgH 3 has been synthesised via reactive milling techniques.The method employed neither a reactive H2 atmosphere nor high pressure sintering or other post-treatment processes.The formation of the ternary hydride was studied as a function of milling time and ball:powder ratio.High purity NaMgH 3 powder(orthorhombic space group Pnma,a 5.437(2),b 7.705(5),c 5.477(2) ;Z 4) was prepared in 5 h at high ball:powder ratios and characterised by powder X-ray diffraction(PXD),Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM/EDX).The products formed sub-micron scale(typically 200-400 nm in size) crystallites that were approximately isotropic in shape.The dehydrogenation behaviour of the ternary hydride was investigated by temperature programmed desorption(TPD).The nanostructured hydride releases hydrogen in two steps with an onset temperature for the first step of 513 K.     

A TEM study on the microstructure of spark plasma sintered ZrB_2-based composite with nano-sized SiC dopant

Sintering behavior of ZrB_2 ceramic with nano-sized SiC dopant was studied. ZrB_2-25 vol% nano-sized SiC was selected as the starting mixture to fabricate the composite. The manufacturing process was accomplished at 1800℃ for 5 min under 25 MPa via spark plasma sintering(SPS). The as-sintered sample reached a relative density of 99%. Besides the initial phases, namely ZrB_2 and SiC, the high-resolution X-ray diffraction(HRXRD) was used to study the formation of an in-situ ZrC phase. The possible chemical interactions during the ZrC phase formation were scrutinized. The microstructure of the composite was studied by the field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Elemental analysis through FESEM evaluations revealed the formation of amorphous phases, rich in Zr, C, Si, B, and O elements, which was in harmony with the thermodynamical assessments. TEM studies endorsed the formation of such phases, containing a glassy bed of Si–B–O with ZrC and C islands dispersed therein.     

Microwave sintering effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-51at%Ni shape memory alloys

Ti-51at%Ni shape memory alloys (SMAs) were successfully produced via a powder metallurgy and microwave sintering technique. The influence of sintering parameters on porosity reduction, microstructure, phase transformation temperatures, and mechanical properties were investigated by optical microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), compression tests, and microhardness tests. Varying the microwave temperature and holding time was found to strongly affect the density of porosity, presence of precipitates, transformation temperatures, and mechanical properties. The lowest density and smallest pore size were observed in the Ti-51at%Ni samples sintered at 900℃ for 5 min or at 900℃ for 30 min. The predominant martensite phases of β2 and β19' were observed in the microstructure of Ti-51at%Ni, and their existence varied in accordance with the sintering temperature and the holding time. In the DSC thermograms, multi-transformation peaks were observed during heating, whereas a single peak was observed during cooling; these peaks correspond to the presence of the β2, R, and β19' phases. The maximum strength and strain among the Ti-51at%Ni SMAs were 1376 MPa and 29%, respectively, for the sample sintered at 900℃ for 30 min because of this sample's minimal porosity.     

注射成形Fe-2Ni合金的机械性能和微观组织

采用金属粉末注射成形方法制备了Fe－2Ni合金试样，制得的试样强度、硬度指标达到了MIM协会标准的典型值，而密度、延伸率还有一定的差异．分析了烧结温度、粉末装载量、化学组成和烧结气氛对试样机械性能和微观组织的影响．     

新型铜基自润滑材料的制备

实验设计以Cu-Ni-Sn-Pb雾化合金粉末为基体,添加钨、纳米Al2O3强化相,以二硫化钼和1.5%,2.0%,2.5%,3%,4%不同质量分数石墨作为固体润滑相组成新的复合材料体系,利用粉末冶金技术制备一种新型铜基自润滑材料.应用数码显微镜、X射线衍射和显微硬度仪等分析技术,对实验样品的制备工艺、组织结构和性能进行了研究.结果表明:优化的烧结工艺为温度880~900℃,烧结时间3 h;随着石墨增加使得样品的硬度和强度降低;2%石墨铜基自润滑材料的密度为6.41 g/cm3,硬度为38 HV,可以初步满足低速运转条件下机械自润滑零件的应用.     

Si3N4的结构状态对放电等离子烧结制备Sialon陶瓷的影响

以纳米非晶-Si3N4、微米α-Si3N4、微米AlN、纳米Al2O3和纳米Y2O3为初始原料,采用放电等离子烧结工艺制备了Sialon陶瓷。通过调整配方中Si3N4对应原料的种类,研究了不同结构的Si3N4对合成Sialon陶瓷的影响。通过XRD和SEM对试样的物相和显微结构进行了表征,同时测试了试样的体积密度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性和维氏硬度。实验结果表明,配方中的Si3N4全部采用α-Si3N4,经SPS烧结后可获得α/β-Sialon陶瓷,当用纳米非晶-Si3N4逐步替换α-Si3N4时,所合成的Sialon陶瓷中的α-Sialon晶相的相对含量减少;当全部采用纳米非晶-Si3N4时,则试样中仅含有β-Sialon相。     

BaAl2S4:Eu溅射靶材合成方法研究

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)方法和粉末烧结法制备BaAl2S4:Eu溅射靶材,分析了靶材成分和结构特性以及利用靶材制备薄膜的发光特性.实验结果表明,SPS烧结的BaAl2S4:Eu溅射靶材的纯度高,无其它硫化物形成,被氧化的可能性小,靶材致密,气孔少;形成薄膜的PL谱主要是470nm处的蓝光发射.粉末烧结法制备的Ba-Al2S4:Eu溅射靶材的纯度低,靶材被氧化的几率大,气孔多,不致密,呈三维网状结构;在470nm处的蓝光发射峰值相对较弱.放电等离子烧结方法更适合制备BaAl2S4:Eu溅射靶材.     

Synthesis and performance of Ca-α/β-SiAlON composites from tailings

Ca-α/β-SiAlON composites were prepared using Ca-α/β-SiAlON powder synthesized from gold ore tailings, which contained abundant Si and Al elements as the major raw materials together with minor additives, through a pressure-less sintering method. The influences of sintering temperature on the phase composition and microstructure of the composites were analyzed. The scanning electron microscopy images of the composites show the interlacing of grains with elongated columnar, short columnar and plate-like morphologies. The composites sintered at 1520℃ for 6 h have a flexural strength of 352 MPa, Vickers hardness of 11.2 GPa, and fracture toughness of 4.8 MPa·m1/2. The relative content of each phase in the products is I(Ca-α-SiAlON):I(β-SiAlON):I(Fe₃Si) = 23:74:3, where I_i stands for the diffraction peak intensity of phase i.     

Effect of sintering temperature on phase evolution of Al_(86)Ni_6Y_(4.5)Co_2La_(1.5) bulk amorphous composites synthesized via mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering

Al_(86)Ni_6Y_(4.5)Co_2La_(1.5) amorphous powders were synthesized by mechanical alloying for 200 h. Subsequent consolidation was performed via spark plasma sintering in the temperature range of 250 ℃ to 500 ℃ at the pressure of 500 MPa. The role of viscous flow on densification was investigated by studying the viscosity change of the amorphous phase at different consolidation temperatures. The decrease in viscosity at higher sintering temperatures resulted in better particle bonding and densification of consolidated samples. The formation of only FCC Al was observed in the consolidated samples at sintering temperatures ≤ 300 ℃ and the intermetallic phases formed at temperatures ≥ 400 ℃. The mechanical properties of the bulk samples were measured by Vickers microhardness and nanoindentation tests. The testing results showed that the average values of microhardness, nanohardness and elastic modulus of the sample consolidated at 500 ℃ were 3.06 ± 0.14 GPa,4.85 ± 1.14 GPa and 89.53 ± 9.25 GPa, respectively. The increase in hardness and elastic modulus of the higher temperature consolidated samples is attributed to the improvement in particle bonding, densification and distribution of various hard intermetallic phases in the amorphous matrix.     

Dielectric properties of spark plasma sintered AlN/SiC composite ceramics

In this study, we have investigated how the dielectric loss tangent and permittivity of AlN ceramics are affected by factors such as powder mixing methods, milling time, sintering temperature, and the addition of a second conductive phase. All ceramic samples were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) under a pressure of 30 MPa. AlN composite ceramics sintered with 30wt%–40wt% SiC at 1600℃ for 5 min exhibited the best dielectric loss tangent, which is greater than 0.3. In addition to AlN and β-SiC, the samples also contained 2H-SiC and Fe₅Si₃, as detected by X-ray difraction (XRD). The relative densities of the sintered ceramics were higher than 93%. Experimental results indicate that nano-SiC has a strong capability of absorbing electromagnetic waves. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of AlN-SiC ceramics with the same content of SiC decreased as the frequency of electromagnetic waves increased from 1 kHz to 1 MHz.     

激光直接快速成形金属零件球化效应的实验研究

本文在实验的基础上,从金属粉末烧结机制即液相烧结方面分析了激光直接快速成形金属零件过程中球化效应产生的机理,阐述了激光功率,扫描速度,送粉量这三个工艺参数对激光烧结成形过程中出现的球化效应现象的影响规律,并据此提出了减小或抑制的一些措施.     

Spark plasma and microwave sintering of Al6061 and Al2124 alloys

Despite the importance of aluminum alloys as candidate materials for applications in aerospace and automotive industries, very little work has been published on spark plasma and microwave processing of aluminum alloys. In the present work, the possibility was explored to process Al2124 and Al6061 alloys by spark plasma and microwave sintering techniques, and the microstructures and properties were compared. The alloys were sintered for 20 min at 400, 450, and 500℃. It is found that compared to microwave sintering, spark plasma sintering is an effective way to obtain homogenous, dense, and hard alloys. Fully dense (100%) Al6061 and Al2124 alloys were obtained by spark plasma sintering for 20 min at 450 and 500℃, respectively. Maximum relative densities were achieved for Al6061 (92.52%) and Al2124 (93.52%) alloys by microwave sintering at 500℃ for 20 min. The Vickers microhardness of spark plasma sintered samples increases with the increase of sintering temperature from 400 to 500℃, and reaches the values of Hv 70.16 and Hv 117.10 for Al6061 and Al2124 alloys, respectively. For microwave sintered samples, the microhardness increases with the increase of sintering temperature from 400 to 450℃, and then decreases with the further increase of sintering temperature to 500℃.     

Microstructure and electrolysis behavior of self-healing Cu-Ni-Fe composite inert anodes for aluminum electrowinning

The microstructure evolution and electrolysis behavior of (Cu₅₂Ni₃₀Fe₁₈)-xNiFe₂O₄ (x=40wt%, 50wt%, 60wt%, and 70wt%) composite inert anodes for aluminum electrowinning were studied. NiFe₂O₄ was synthesized by solid-state reaction at 950℃. The dense anode blocks were prepared by ball-milling followed by sintering under a N₂ atmosphere. The phase evolution of the anodes after sintering was determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results indicate that a substitution reaction between Fe in the alloy phase and Ni in the oxide phase occurs during the sintering process. The samples were also examined as inert anodes for aluminum electrowinning in the low-temperature KF-NaF-AlF₃ molten electrolyte for 24 h. The cell voltage during electrolysis and the corrosion scale on the anodes were analyzed. The results confirm that the scale has a self-repairing function because of the synergistic reaction between the alloy phase with Fe added and the oxide phase. The estimated wear rate of the (Cu₅₂Ni₃₀Fe₁₈)-50NiFe₂O₄ composite anode is 2.02 cm·a-1.     

Hydration mechanism of a cementitious material prepared with Si-Mn slag

A cementitious material was prepared by mixing 80wt% Si-Mn slag powder, 10wt% lime, and 10wt% anhydrite. The compressive strength of mortar samples reaches 51.48 MPa after 28 d curing. The analyses of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that much ettringite is formed in the sample cured for 3 d, and C-S-H gel increases rapidly during subsequent curing. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of 29Si and 27Al and infrared spectroscopy (IR) analysis show that aluminum decomposition from tetrahedral network of the slag glass and its subsequent migration and re-combination play an important role in the process of hydration and strength development of the samples.     

Effect of sintering on the relative density of Cr-coated diamond/Cu composites prepared by spark plasma sintering

Cr-coated diamond/Cu composites were prepared by spark plasma sintering. The effects of sintering pressure, sintering temperature, sintering duration, and Cu powder particle size on the relative density and thermal conductivity of the composites were investigated in this paper. The influence of these parameters on the properties and microstructures of the composites was also discussed. The results show that the relative density of Cr-coated diamond/Cu reaches ~100% when the composite is gradually compressed to 30 MPa during the heating process. The densification temperature increases from 880 to 915℃ when the diamond content is increased from 45vol% to 60vol%. The densification temperature does not increase further when the content reaches 65vol%. Cu powder particles in larger size are beneficial for increasing the relative density of the composite.     

Preparation of nano-sized Bi2Te3 thermoelectric material powders by cryogenic grinding

A novel method for rapid preparation of Bi2Te3 nano-sized powders with an average particle size of about 70 nm was developed.A starting powder mixture consisting of Bi2Te3 coarse particles of ～5 mm was...     

ZnO压敏陶瓷反射光谱的研究

利用简便的粉末反射光谱法，测量了不同烧结温度下ZnO压敏陶瓷的反射光谱，并对其影响机理进行了探讨．研究结果表明，同纯ZnO相比，压敏陶瓷反射光谱吸收边发生红移，红移量随烧结温度的提高而增大；吸收边斜率随着烧结温度升高而变小．吸收边的变化是烧结过程中ZnO晶粒表面包覆程度和元素相互扩散随温度变化的结果．高温烧结的试样在波长为566nm、610nm、650nm处存在光反射谷，反射强度随烧结温度升高而降低．烧结过程中形成的界面层缺陷是反射谷形成的主要原因，缺陷类型与温度变化无关，浓度随烧结温度的升高而增大．     

溶胶-凝胶法制备粉体纳米二氧化钛的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2粉体,研究了溶液配比、烧结工艺对纳米TiO2粉体材料的影响,分别采用XRD和SEM对所制备样品的物相及形貌进行了表征．结果表明：当pH=4．5,钛酸丁酯与无水乙醇的比例为2：5,蒸馏水与无水乙醇的比例为1：3,所获得的TiO2溶胶性能良好;实验在不同烧结温度（300,450,600℃）下,所获得的TiO2粉末均为锐钛矿型,未发生晶型转变;在600℃烧结所制备的TiO2粉末的晶粒分布均匀、细小,直径约为25nm．可以得知,所制备的纳米TiO2具有良好的光催化性能．     

SPS烧结温度对93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe合金微观结构及性能的影响

以高能球磨法制备的93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe复合粉末为原料,采用放电等离子烧结技术制备93W--4.9Ni-2.1Fe合金,研究了烧结温度对钨合金微观组织及性能的影响.采用扫描电镜对试样的断口进行观察,采用能量色散谱仪对合金的组元进行成分分析.结果表明:①烧结温度对合金的性能有显著的影响,在1 350℃时钨合金的抗拉强度达到一个极大值,为981 MPa,此时钨合金的相对密度和W晶粒的尺寸分别为98.9%和5μm;②当烧结温度达到1375℃时,合金中Ni元素开始挥发,随着温度的快速上升,合金中Ni元素的挥发不断加剧,当烧结温度升高至1425℃时合金中Ni元素已完全挥发;③合金的断裂方式随着烧结温度的升高发生显著的变化,当烧结温度升至1350℃时钨合金的断裂方式由W晶粒界面分离向W-W、W-黏结相界面断裂转变,而当烧结温度超过此温度时钨合金的断裂方式又转变为W晶粒的沿晶脆性断裂;④SPS快速烧结能够有效抑制W晶粒的长大,促进钨合金的细晶强化作用.