Effects of catalase,peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and 10 scavengers of oxygen radicals in carrageenin edema and in adjuvant arthritis of rats

Summary Catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were found to inhibit significantly carrageenin edema and the primary phase of adjuvant arthritis in rats after i.v. injection. Heat-inactivated enzymes were as effective as the native enzymes. None of 10 scavengers of oxygen radicals inhibited the adjuvant arthritis at any time. Accordingly, no evidence for a participation of oxygen radicals in the secondary arthritis phase could be found, whereas a role of oxygen radicals in the primary arthritis phase and in carrageenin edema cannot be ruled out.     

Glutathione peroxidase in dried blood spots

Summary A new procedure utilizing dried blood spots was developed for detecting glutathione peroxidase deficiency. Samples from a known patient with a partial defect and from rats with an induced deficiency were distinguished from respective control groups by their longer defluorescence endpoints., Samples from 100 patients with anemia and 2 phenylketonuric infants on low-protein diets contained glutathione peroxidase activity similar to that in 82 controls, when screened for the enzyme defect by the new procedure.     

Glutathione peroxidase in dried blood spots.

A new procedure utilizing dried blood spots was developed for detecting glutathione peroxidase deficiency. Samples from a known patient with a partial defect and from rats with an induced deficiency were distinguished from respective control groups by their longer defluorescence endpoints. Samples from 100 patients with anemia and 2 phenyl-ketonuric infants on low-protein diets contained glutathione peroxidase activity similar to that in 82 controls, when screened for the enzyme defect by the new procedure.     

Biochemical polymorphism and the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in the sheep red blood cells

Summary There was no significant difference in the level of 2,3-DPG in the red blood cells of sheep of different haemoglobin types (Hb A and Hb B) or potassium types (HK and LK). However, low glutathione (GSH^L) sheep had significantly higher (p<0.01) level of 2,3-DPG in their red blood cells than high glutathione (GSH^H) sheep. There was also significant effect of interactions between glutathione, haemoglobin and potassium types (p<0.05) and glutathione and haemoglobin types (p<0.01) on red cell 2,3-DPG levels.     

A highly active glutathione peroxidase in red blood cells of normal and acatalasemic mice

The activities of catalase (E.C.1.11.1.6) and glutathione peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1.9) were compared in red blood cells from humans, ducks and normal and acatalasemic mice. In the cells from both strains of mice, an equally high activity of GSH-Px was found which could be inhibited completely by iodoacetate but was not sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide.     

Selective inactivation of catalase during protoporphyrin induced photohemolysis of human red blood cells

Summary The level of some enzymatic activities in red blood cells before and after photohemolysis induced by protoporphyrin IX was studied. A 30% decrease in catalase activity was found both in normal erythrocytes and those from patients affected by favism. Other proteins though present in larger amounts inside the erythrocytes are not affected by the photohemolytic process.     

A highly active glutathione peroxidase in red blood cells of normal and acatalasemic mice

Summary The activities of catalase (E.C.1.11.1.6) and glutathione peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1.9) were compared in red blood cells from humans, ducks and normal and acatalasemic mice. In the cells from both strains of mice, an equally high activity of GSH-Px was found which could be inhibited completely by iodoacetate but was not sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide.Acknowledgment. This work was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Gesellschaft für Strahlen- und Umwelt-forschung, München, Federal Republic of Germany, and was performed under contract with the U. S. Energy Research and Development Administration at the University of Rochester Biomedical and Environmental Research Project and has been assigned Report. No. UR-3490-1138.     

Selective inactivation of catalase during protoporphyrin induced photohemolysis of human red blood cells

The level of some enzymatic activities in red blood cells before and after photohemolysis induced by protoporphyrin IX was studied. A 30% decrease in catalase activity was found both in normal erythrocytes and those from patients affected by favism. Other proteins though present in larger amounts inside the erythrocytes are not affected by the photohemolytic process.     

Effect of starvation and refeeding on catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in skeletal and cardiac muscles from 12-month-old rats

Summary Catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in muscles from 12-month-old rats after severe starvation and after subsequent refeeding. Catalase increased in most muscles after starvation and decreased after refeeding, while SOD remained unchanged.This research was supported by the Science and Education Administration of the U.S. Department of Agriculture under grant No. 5901-0410-8-0014-0 from the Competitive Grants Office. We thank Dr Craig Frisk for advice in the care of the animals.Scientific Journal Series No. 11, 191, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.     

Accelerated and prolongated multiplication of antibody-forming spleen cells byBordetella pertussis in mice immunized with sheep red blood cells

Zusammenfassung Der Wirkungsmechanismus immunologischer Adjuvantien ist nicht bekannt. Mittels Anwendung der Jerneschen Technik wurde daher die Frage untersucht, ob Pertussisorganismen ihre adjuvante Wirksamkeit über eine Vermehrung immunologisch kompetenter Zellen entfalten. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die simultane Injektion vonB. pertussis und Schaferythrocyten im Vorgleich zur alleinigen Injektion von Schaferythrocyten bei NMRI-Mäusen zu einer beschleunigten, gesteigerten und verlängerten Bildung anti-körperbildender Milzzellen führt.

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This work was supported by research grant No. Fi 115/1 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

The influence of bacterial endotoxin on the formation of antibody-forming spleen cells in mice immunized with sheep red blood cells

Zusammenfassung Es wird berichtet, dass die simultane i.v. Injektion vonSerratia marcescens-Endotoxin mit i.p. verabfolgten Schafbluterythrocyten bei weissen Mäusen zu einer beschleunigten Bildung hämolysinbildender Milzzellen und zu einem verzögertem Abfall dieser kompetenten Zellen zwischen dem 7. und 30. Tage nach der Immunisierung führt. Eine echte Vermehrung plaquebildender Milzzellen wurde jedoch nicht gefunden. Weiterhin liess sich zeigen, dass die alleinige i.v. Injektion von bakteriellem Lipopolysaccharid eine mässige Proliferation von in geringer Zahl vorhandenen antikörperbildenden Milzzellen bewirkt.

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This work was supported by research grant No. Fi 115/1 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

The effect of abrin,anti-lymphocyte globulin and their conjugates on the immune response of mice to sheep red blood cells

Summary A chemical conjugate of anti-mouse lymphocyte globulin and abrin, is about twice as effective as a similar conjugate made with normal immunoglobulin and abrin, in suppressing the ability of the mouse to respond immunologically to an injection of sheep red blood cells.Acknowledgment. We thank Dr Stuart, Society of Herbalists, London, and Prof. G.C. Clark, Dept. of Botany, University of Ghana, for gifts ofAbrus precatorius seeds, and Mrs L. Bushby for help in the preparation of the horse anti-mouse lymphocyte globulin. D.C.E. is an external member of the staff of the Wellcome Foundation Ltd.     

Influences of the submaxillary gland of male mice on the immune response to sheep red blood cells

Summary Removal of the submaxillary gland (SMG) from male but not female mice caused a suppressed immune response to sheep red blood cells. Administration of a SMG saline extract from male mice to SMG-ectomized males restored the suppressed response to control levels. This suggests that the male mouse SMG contains a factor(s), possibly of an endocrine nature, capable of influencing cells involved in an immune response.     

The influence ofBordetella pertussis on the kinetics of antibody production to sheep red blood cells in NMRI mice

Zusammenfassung Die simultane i.p. Injektion von 4 × 10⁸ Schaferythrozyten und 2 × 10⁹ Zellen vonB. pertussis führt im Vergleich zur alleinigen Injektion des Erythrozytenantigens bei NMRI-Mäusen zu einer gesteigerten und verlängerten Proliferation M- und G/A-Antikörper produzierender Milzzellen.

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This work was supported by research grant No. Fi 115/1 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Regional and subcellular distribution of superoxide dismutase in brain

Summary Superoxide dismutase has been found to be widely distributed and of approximately the same specific activity in all regions of human brain examined. It is not reduced during degeneration of the basal ganglia in Huntington's Chorea. After subcellular fractionation of human and guinea-pig cerebral cortex, the highest specific activity of the enzyme was found in the soluble fraction.Acknowledgments. We thank the Huntington's Chorea Foundation for financial support. Address reprint requests to the Neurochemistry Lab., V. A. Hospital, Seattle, Wash. 98108, USA.     

Inhibition of the primary immune response against sheep red blood cells by short-term reticulo-endothelial system blockage experiments in mice

Zusammenfassung Mäuse wurden gegen Schaferythrozyten immunisiert und die Immunreaktion im Plaque-Test von Jerne gemessen. Erhalten die Tiere unmittelbar vor der Antigeninjektion Thorotrast, so kommt es zur statistisch hochsignifikanten Hemmung der Antikörper bildenden Zellen.