拉力型锚索在黄土层中的荷载传递机理

在前人研究成果与合理的假设的基础上,分析拉力型锚索在黄土地区的荷载传递机理,得到黄土地层中拉力型锚索的临界锚固段长度理论计算公式,并分析各参数变化对临界锚固段长度的影响规律.依据现行规范要求,试验验证黄土地区深基坑桩锚支护体系临界锚固段长度理论公式的合理性.实测数据分析表明,在黄土地层条件下,通过锚索锚固段的合理设置,其锚固段极限黏结强度取值可高于现行规范推荐值.试验锚索的荷载位移曲线验证了黄土地层中拉力型锚索的不同受荷服役工况和荷载传递变化情况,反映了各级张拉荷载下锚索的工作状态.研究成果可为黄土地区拉力型锚索的设计及现场试验提供指导.     

黄土地层中预应力锚索锚固力试验与分析

在现场试验的基础上,通过系统分析试验数据,得出预应力锚索锚固力在黄土地层特定地质条件下的基本分布规律,为科学确定其锚固段长度提供了试验依据;通过实测和修正参数,推导出2种简单实用的锚固力计算公式,并将其理论解与实测值进行了对比分析,进一步验证了预应力锚索剪应力非均匀分布的实际状况,并指出在锚固长度小于工程临界锚固长度时剪应力均匀分布理论能较准确地计算锚索锚固力,为深入开展锚索支护的理论分析与工程设计提供了参考,在理论和工程实践上都是一种有益的探索。     

多次分段控制注浆斜向预应力钢锚管锚索组合结构加固技术现场试验研究

对多次分段控制注浆斜向预应力钢锚管锚索组合结构新型边坡加固技术的结构形式、适用范围、加固作用机理、现场试验进行分析,对比分析预应力锚索、多次分段控制注浆预应力钢锚管及多次分段控制注浆预应力钢锚管锚索承载力,研究结果表明：1)该结构特别适用岩土体破碎、松散、易塌孔地层于边坡,通过钢锚管劈裂注浆,提高边坡岩土体的强度指标,充填了和挤密破碎地层间的空洞和孔隙,有效提高锚固段锚固力;2)通过预应力锚索和预应力钢锚管极限承载力对比分析表明预应力钢锚管没能够充分发挥该地层的锚固力。预应力钢锚管施加的预应力只能传到浅表层,且破坏模式为钢管被拉断或者钢管接头处断裂;3)三组不同根数的钢绞线预应力钢锚管锚索极限承载力结果与普通的预应力锚索相比来看,单束钢绞线预应力锚索承载力由200kN增加到235kN,锚固力提高17.5%;两根钢绞线预应力锚索承载力由295kN增加到378kN,锚固力提高28.14%;三根钢绞线预应力锚索承载力由336kN增加到432.26kN,锚固力提高28.65%。表明预应力钢锚管锚索通过劈裂注浆挤密锚固段岩土体,浆液充填裂隙,形成“树根状”,有效的提高了锚固段锚固力。     

黄土地区高边坡锚索预应力损失与土体蠕变耦合模型研究

预应力锚索锚固技术由于能有效控制边坡变形而得到广泛应用,但同时也出现大量因锚固力损失而造成工程失效的问题.建立以M-2K模型为基础,适用于黄土的锚索与边坡蠕变耦合的M-B-B模型,并推导其相应的本构方程、松弛方程和蠕变方程,从理论上解决了锚固力变化与坡体蠕变之间的关系问题.以兰州市城关区某不稳定斜坡治理工程为例,采用遗传算法反算出模型土体蠕变参数,与已有M-K-B模型拟合情况进行对比.结果表明:M-B-B模型更适用于黄土地区的高边坡,可以用来长期预测预应力变化;由于该工程部分为填土,填土部分水平变形较大,使得在预应力损失稳定阶段之前存在预应力缓慢上升阶段,而M-B-B模型则能完美契合该变化;其研究成果可供锚固工程的设计、施工和安全运行参考.     

全长黏结GFRP抗浮锚杆荷载分布函数模型研究

基于荷载传递法理论与Kelvin问题的位移解,进一步推导全长黏结GFRP(glass fiber reinforced plastics)抗浮锚杆在轴向拉拔荷载作用下轴力沿锚固深度的分布函数。为验证该理论应用于GFRP抗浮锚杆的合理性,借助植入式光纤光栅传感技术,对2根同型号GFRP抗浮锚杆进行现场拉拔破坏性试验。研究结果表明:根据荷载传递法与Kelvin位移解得到锚杆轴力与剪应力分布函数曲线形式与试验结果相近,说明该理论合理;孔口锚固体的开裂导致锚杆轴力及剪应力分布曲线试验值主要分布范围比理论值的更大;由于试验过程中岩土体位移较小,锚杆的剪应力分布曲线形式较理论值呈现"矮胖"的特点。此外,对锚杆轴力、剪应力理论分布函数曲线进行修正后的结果与试验结果吻合度显著提高。     

预应力钢锚管注浆锚索边坡加固力学特性

为解决传统预应力锚索在边坡支护应用中存在安全耐久性不足、加固效果有限等的问题,通过室内和现场试验研究了预应力钢锚管注浆锚索力学特性,开发了边坡复合加固方法。研究结果表明,锚索荷载-位移曲线的非线性变化特征更明显;钢锚管的加卸载刚度变化规律不一致,而锚索的加卸载刚度变化均表现为幂函数衰减的规律;钢锚管和锚索的弹性位移随荷载呈线性增长,而塑性位移随荷载呈增长幂函数变化。边坡现场工程试验结果显示,新型加固技术对于不同地质边坡均适用。对于完整地层,锚固结构受力时产生的变形较少且刚度变化不大,不可恢复变形小,边坡变形易达到稳定状态;对于破碎地层,裂隙增加了浆体渗透提高了其与岩土体的粘结强度,增加了锚固力,因而受力时变形大,刚度变化大,产生的不可恢复变形量大,相对于传统锚索支护,新型支护技术能够更好发挥不同结构间的协作。可见新加固方法可为类似工程边坡加固设计提供参考。     

深基坑预应力锚杆锚固段应力分布规律与应用

基于凯尔文问题的位移解,推导了用于深基坑支护中的预应力锚杆锚固段剪应力与轴力的分布规律.对岩体与土体两种不同介质条件下预应力锚杆的受力分析表明,不同岩土体介质条件下,预应力锚杆破坏方式不同,要以最薄弱环节作为锚杆设计控制标准;锚杆剪应力沿锚固段呈对数螺旋曲线型分布,最大剪应力往往发生靠近锚固段初始位置处;锚杆轴力沿锚固段逐渐衰减,单纯通过提高锚固段长度来增加锚杆的极限拉拔力有一定的限度.通过对一工程实例的理论与试验对比分析,其弹性范围内的理论解与试验数据基本相吻合,从而为预应力锚杆的设计提供了理论依据.     

预应力锚索对岩质边坡加固效应的数值模拟

针对预应力锚索加固岩质边坡稳定性分析与评价问题,应用FLAC 3D建立了双滑面楔形体边坡模型,模拟了边坡边开挖、边锚固的施工过程及室内模型的超载破坏试验,分析了锚固岩体的位移和应力、节理裂隙面位移随工况的变化以及锚索预应力损失等问题.研究结果表明:预应力锚索加固作用提高了边坡整体的稳定性;分析边坡的整个破坏过程可知边坡的变化过程为柔性变化,而不是刚性变化;从锚索预应力变化情况可知锚索自上而下进入屈服状态,不同部位的锚索受力有先后、大小之分,呈不均匀分布;对锚固后边坡安全系数进行计算,计算结果与模型试验得出的结果相近.     

深基坑工程中预应力锚索受力机制的研究

预应力锚索能充分发挥岩体的自承潜力,调节和提高岩土的自身强度和自稳能力,已经广泛地应用于边坡工程、基坑工程、地下工程等工程中。对于大部分预应力锚索,内锚固段是锚索的主要受力及传力部件,其受力机制主要体现在内锚固段的极限抗拔力方面。基于Hoek-Brown准则提出计算模型,并结合实际工程,对预应力锚索内锚固段受力机制进行研究分析。结果表明,当内锚固段尺寸及岩体参数一定时,极限抗拔力与灌浆压力呈线性相关。     

光纤光栅传感器对预应力锚索的受力监测

预应力锚索的受力状态监测特别是锚索内应力分布的监测是目前工程领域一大难题。本文提出将准分布式光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）内嵌至锚索材料-钢绞线中心丝的技术,以实现对其受力状态及应力分布进行监测。基于此技术,结合FBG监测原理和锚索锚固理论,以锚索锚固长度、FBG布设位置及数量为主要变化参数,设计了FBG自感知钢绞线材料并将其浇筑于钢管内作为锚索模型试件;并对FBG自感知钢绞线材料进行张拉标定试验和钢管锚索拉拔试验。张拉标定试验表明,内嵌于钢绞线中心丝材料中的准分布式FBG传感器成活率为100％,应变灵敏度集中在0.0012,应变-波长的拟合度皆超过0.999。拉拔试验结果表明,内嵌式FBG传感器可有效监测全长粘结型锚索轴力分布规律;且传感器可实现对锚固段、自由段应力传递规律的定点监测;为锚索浇筑长度的设计、张拉应力的补充提供了计算依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with