三维海胆状薄水铝石(AlOOH)的合成与表征

在甲醇-水溶液体系中,在无模板剂的情况下,使用无水三氯化铝作为原料,水热合成了由纳米棒自组装成的三维海胆状薄水铝石（AlOOH）超结构.采用XRD、SEM和TEM对其进行了表征,研究结果表明：该海胆超结构是由直径60-80 nm、长度2μm左右的纳米棒自组装而成,形貌规则,分散均匀,其直径为6-8μm,在其形成过程中,定向附着机制起到关键性的作用,推断了纳米棒自组装海胆状超结构的形成机理.     

花状氧化锌微晶的合成、表征及光学性质研究

通过氯化锌和乙醇胺混合溶液,在95℃水热反应2 h合成了花状ZnO微晶.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和紫外可见光谱对产物进行了表征和分析.结果表明该花状ZnO微晶为纤锌矿结构,它是由长度约为2.5μm,直径约为90nm的单晶ZnO纳米棒自组装构成,并进一步研究了其生长机制.紫外可见光谱表明,该ZnO微晶在375nm附近有尖锐的吸收边.     

活体生物膜模板法诱导控制合成硫化汞纳米网状结构

利用青葱活体生物膜所具有的选择性吸收与排异、渗透与传输、诱导与控制等特殊功能,以其为模板,于室温下成功制备了网状交联结构的纳米硫化汞.该网状交联结构是由直径为80～120 nm的纳米球自组装而成的,其结构为六方相,晶格常数为a=0.414 8 nm,c=0.949 4 nm.通过紫外可见光谱和荧光光谱对产物的光学性质进行了研究,对纳米硫化汞的合成机理进行了初步探讨.     

有机溶剂法合成PbSe纳米立方块及其光学性质研究

用甲酰胺作溶剂和配位剂，通过温和的溶剂热路线成功地大量合成了PbSe纳米立方块．运用一系列技术手段，如粉末X光衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微术（TEM）、X光电子能谱（XPS）和傅立叶变换红外光谱等对所合成的PbSe立方块进行表征．纳米立方块的平均颗粒尺寸约为20nm．相对于[100]，[111]方向较快的生长速率导致了纳米立方块的形成，并提出了可能的生长机理，同时，对所得产物的光学性质进行研究，可能由于纳米颗粒的量子效应，吸收光谱出现蓝移现象．     

具有中空分级结构的花菜状ZnO制备及发光性能研究

以乙酸锌、氨水和海藻酸钠为原料,采用水热法合成了具有分级结构的中空花菜状ZnO.利用SEM、XRD对样品进行了表征,并研究了样品的光致发光性能.结果表明:空分级结构花菜状ZnO由直径约为50 nm纳米棒组装而成的,组装体的直径约为1μm,为六角纤锌矿结构;海藻酸钠的存在对形成花菜状结构起着关键性的作用;室温光致发光光谱表明样品在380 nm处存在弱的紫外发光峰,而在可见光区(600 nm左右)有很强的发光峰.     

在表面活性剂辅助下优质氢氧化钕纳米线的合成和表征

具有50～100nm平均直径和长约10μm的单晶氢氧化钕纳米线,已经在大量的CTAB（十六烷基三甲基溴化铵）阳离子表面活性剂的协助下通过水热法控制纳米结构的演化成功地合成,在表面活化剂CTAB的辅助下,可控制纳米结构的演化．测量方法包括X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）．借助这些手段,可表征产物的特性．     

均匀多角锥状纳米ZnO的制备及发光特性研究

采用热蒸发锌（Zn）粉方法制备出大量均匀的纳米ZnO多角锥状结构,用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、拉曼光谱（Raman Spectra）和光致发光谱（PL）对样品进行形貌、结构和发光特性分析．结果表明：多角锥状纳米ZnO结晶质量好，角的直径约100—200nm，长度约2～3μm，在486nm处有很强的蓝光发射，在394nm，423nm处有较弱的紫外发射，呈现出优异的蓝光特性．针对其强蓝光发射特性并结合实验条件，对其生长机理和发光机制进行初步探讨．     

通过静电作用组装CdSe/PDDA纳米复合膜

以巯基丙酸为稳定剂,用水相法合成了表面带负电荷的CASe半导体纳米晶．通过CASe纳米晶与阳离子聚电解质（聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵,PDDA）之间的静电相互作用,在经过预处理的带负电的石英基片表面组装多层CdSe／PDDA纳米复合膜．透射电镜（TEM）、紫外-可见光谱和荧光光谱研究结果表明,所得CdSe纳米晶粒径分布比较均匀,平均粒径约为5nm,且具有很高的荧光光致发光性．CdSe／PDDA纳米复合膜的紫外-可见吸收光谱中波长260nm和400nm处薄膜的吸光度与组装层数之间呈现良好的线性关系,表明所得的多层CdSe／PDDA纳米复合薄膜的成膜质量和稳定性良好．     

前驱物中温固相法合成硼酸镍纳米棒

以草酸为结构导向剂,硝酸镍、硼酸为原料,室温同相反应得到前驱物,将前驱物于750℃焙烧得到硼酸镍纳米棒．采用x射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）和红外光谱（FT～IR）对产物结构和形貌进行表征．结果表明产物为分布均匀的Ni3（BO3）。纳米棒,纳米棒长度受硝酸镍和硼酸的物质的量之比影响,比例越小,长度越大．当n（H3BO3）／n（Ni（NO3）2）为4：1时,纳米棒直径为300-400nm,长度为3～4μm     

变形六方ZnS纳米晶的固相合成及其荧光特性

以硫化钠与醋酸锌为原料，采用改进的室温（湿）固相合成法制备硫化锌纳米晶，用TEM，XRD，UV，PL等方法研究了硫化锌纳米晶粒径、结构与荧光特性。结果表明，硫化锌纳米晶平均粒径约4.0nm，为六方结构。所制备的样品在400－450nm波段出现强荧光发射，并有光谱分裂现象。光谱分裂的原因可能是乙醇对纳米微粒的表面修饰作用、微量杂质的影响以及小尺寸效应的结果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~