库岸滑坡破坏模式识别方法研究———以三峡水库青石滑坡为例

青石滑坡是三峡水库岸坡消落带典型的崩坡积层滑坡,基于现场调查和工程勘察分析了三峡水库蓄水运行期间青石滑坡的变形与破坏特征;将滑动面位于175m水位以上的部分假定为弹性介质,位于145~175m之间的部分假定为应变软化介质,提出了两种介质材料的本构模型;通过对滑坡滑动面弹性应变能、滑坡重力势能和地下水渗透势能的计算,采用突变理论建立了滑坡破坏模式判别指标,据此可将滑坡破坏模式分为缓动型和剧动型两类。计算结果表明,青石滑坡在水库运行期间的破坏模式属于缓动型,与实情相符。研究成果对于探索三峡水库岸坡滑坡灾害的形成机制及其减灾具有积极意义。
     

类土质岸坡雪崩式破坏机制研究——以三峡库区龚家方岸坡为例

【目的】水库岸坡破坏机制是库岸地质减灾的重要科学问题。【方法】以三峡库区龚家方岸坡为例,采用现场勘查和模型实验方法,探讨类土质岸坡破坏机制问题。【结果】现场勘查结果表明,类土质岸坡破坏的地质基础包括两方面:一是岸坡由灰岩、泥灰岩、白云岩、页岩、片麻岩、板岩等并富含蒙脱石和伊利石亲水性矿物的碎裂岩体组成;二是岸坡卸荷作用强烈,卸荷结构面岩桥区段是岸坡破坏的关键环节。模型实验结果表明,类土体渗透性良好,水库蓄水初期库水进入岸坡后地下水在类土体空隙内产生明显的紊流作用,孔隙水压力波动特征明显。【结论】水库蓄水浸泡条件下岸坡卸荷结构面岩桥区段抗剪强度参数劣化作用和水库蓄水初期岸坡内孔隙水压力波动作用是类土质岸坡发生雪崩式破坏的物 理机制。
     

水库蓄水土质岸坡拉剪断裂破坏机制研究

基于土体结构特征从土体宏微观变化、岸坡变形、掏空等方面解释了水库蓄水期间土体浸泡软化机制。采用断裂力学方法推导求证了土质岸坡浸泡软化拉剪断裂破坏机制,并将土质岸坡浸泡软化拉剪断裂破坏进一步分为基座软化拉剪破坏模式和基座掏空拉剪破坏模式,给出了两种破坏模式的地貌演绎过程。通过建立两种破坏模式的物理模型和力学模型,从断裂力学角度推导出了潜在坍塌体裂缝尖端应力强度因子表达式。算例分析表明,土质岸坡破坏表现为显著的浸泡拉剪断裂破坏模式,并讨论了潜在坍塌体长度、高度、裂缝角度以及裂缝垂直长度对应力强度因子的影响。土体断裂韧度较小,导致岸坡坍塌体规模不大,土质岸坡的浸泡软化整体滑移破坏往往是滞后的,通常岸坡先局部软化,基座变形后发生塌岸破坏,后续上覆岸坡失去支撑发生整体式滑移。
     

三峡库区类土质岸坡破坏机制研究——以巫山县江东寺岸坡为例

2015年6月24日，重庆市巫山县发生江东寺岸坡垮塌事件，造成人员伤亡、财产损失，社会影响较大。针对江东寺类土质岸坡垮塌事件，介绍了岸坡灾情，解译了江东寺滑坡破坏的库水位上升浸泡软化、库水位下降渗流驱动力、降雨入渗劣化等3个诱发机制。结果显示：库水位上升浸泡软化降低了滑体、滑面物理力学参数，在岸坡坡脚形成软化区；库水位下降渗流驱动力增加了顺坡向的下滑力；降雨入渗进一步降低滑体、滑面物理力学参数，增大渗透力和浮托力。3种诱发机制的联合作用是导致江东寺岸坡垮塌的原因。采用PFC2D对江东寺岸坡进行数值模拟发现，库水位上升对类土质土体具有劣化作用；145 m水位处的滑坡破坏运动速度最大，达0.59 m·s-1，岸坡破坏具有突发性。数值模拟破坏过程与现场监测数据吻合。
     

降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏模式模型试验研究

为了进一步探究降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏模式,自主设计制作了物理模型试验系统,通过三峡库区某堆积体滑坡现场取样,在测定土样基本物理力学参数后,开展了降雨作用下不同坡角的堆积体岸坡模型试验,主要分析了不同坡角下岸坡模型的变形破坏特征及破坏模式。结果表明：坡度对岸坡变形破坏特征影响显著,坡角较大(60°与50°)时,坡体易出现浅层滑动破坏,坡角较缓(40°)时,容易出现深层滑动,35°及更小坡角时,未出现明显的变形破坏;浅层滑动破坏规模较小,变形自下而上牵引,演化发生所需的时间较短,而深层滑动破坏规模较大,变形自上而下推移,所需时间更长;降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏可分为软化剥蚀—蠕动变形—明显滑动三个阶段,变形破坏模式表现为雨水入渗→表层饱和→土体软化→饱和区扩大→土体沉降→坡顶裂隙出现→坡脚变形/坡体整体变形→浅层滑面/深层滑面→浅层破坏/深层破坏。     

库岸滑坡破坏模式识别方法研究——以三峡水库青石滑坡为例

青石滑坡是三峡水库岸坡消落带典型的崩坡积层滑坡,基于现场调查和工程勘察分析了三峡水库蓄水运行期间青石滑坡的变形与破坏特征;将滑动面位于175m水位以上的部分假定为弹性介质,位于145~175m之间的部分假定为应变软化介质,提出了两种介质材料的本构模型;通过对滑坡滑动面弹性应变能、滑坡重力势能和地下水渗透势能的计算,采用突变理论建立了滑坡破坏模式判别指标,据此可将滑坡破坏模式分为缓动型和剧动型两类。计算结果表明,青石滑坡在水库运行期间的破坏模式属于缓动型,与实情相符。研究成果对于探索三峡水库岸坡滑坡灾害的形成机制及其减灾具有积极意义。     

三峡水库泄水期间类土质岸坡渗流驱动压剪破坏机制研究

基于水库水位降落期间渗流驱动力对类土质岸坡的压剪作用,建立了类土质岸坡渗流驱动压剪力学模型,改进了水库水位降落期间渗流驱动力的计算方法,提出了渗流驱动压剪破坏判据。以三峡水库青石岸坡为例,渗流驱动压剪破坏机制可以解释青石岸坡水位降落期间的破坏现象。此外还探讨了水库水位降落速度、时间以及初始水位高度对渗流驱动力与岸坡稳定性的影响,并得出如下结论:渗流驱动力随水库水位降落速度的增加而非线性增大;渗流驱动力随初始水位高度增加呈现为线性降低的趋势;青石岸坡稳定系数不随水位降落速度、水位降落时间的变化而变化。
     

江河崩岸的影响因素分析

为了研究江河崩岸的发生机理,以长江中下游及其他河流典型崩岸实例为依据,分析了江河崩岸的影响因素及其对崩岸的作用,并针对崩岸类型分析了崩岸的关键性影响因素.结果表明:岸坡土体物质组成及分布和岸坡局部地形是崩岸形成的主要内在因素,水流冲刷和地下水渗流是崩岸形成的主要外部动力因素;各因素对崩岸的作用主要表现为侵蚀破坏、渗流破坏、重力破坏及突加荷载或边界条件破坏等.     

陈村水库坝址附近的岸坡稳定性研究

陈村水库坝址附近的库岸,自水库建成后曾发生过多次岸坡破坏。导致岸坡破坏的内在原因是不利的岸坡结构;外界因素是本区域梅雨季节时的大量降水的激发。根据滑坡体的结构特点,把岸坡的破坏方式分成四种类型：平面滑动前沿剪出型、溃曲破坏型、楔槽形破坏型、滑塌破坏型,以利于人们正确认识不同类型岸坡破坏的特点和规律。根据滑坡发生与雨量关系的统计规律,认为引发大量滑坡活动的梅雨期雨量阀值为600～650mm。通过模糊赋值的方法,对岸坡的整体做了一半定量的稳定性评价,依据反应其稳定性的综合分值高低,把岸坡分成稳定、不稳定及部分稳定三种类型。这样从时间上、空间上揭示了本区易引发滑坡的条件,为具体的岸坡防治工作提供指导。     

边坡变形破坏演化特征的数值分析

边坡的破坏失稳是一个渐进累积的过程。在外部环境作用下,随着应力的升高,坡体内某些部分达到屈服,滑动面逐渐形成,直至完全贯通,随着塑性应变继续增大,边坡最终发生整体破坏。传统的分析方法无法显示坡体的受力、变形和滑动面贯通与破坏的全过程,而采用有限元强度折减法则可以定量显示变形破坏与滑动面发生发展的全过程。文中根据岩土性质和坡体构造对边坡进行了分类。分析不同边坡安全系数条件下各类边坡的变形图和塑性应变云图,可以看到坡体的变形趋势和坡体内滑动面随稳定安全系数的降低逐渐扩展、贯通,直至破坏的全过程,从而直观地揭示了边（滑）坡的破坏机理,为边（滑）坡的防治提供有效依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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