冷却速度对Waspaloy合金凝固过程中偏析和液体密度的影响

通过不同冷速下的重熔凝固实验,利用扫描电镜和能谱仪系统研究了冷速变化对Waspaloy合金凝固过程偏析行为和液体密度的影响.结果表明:随着冷速的增大,Waspaloy合金中元素的偏析会减小,凝固过程中偏析最严重的是富集于枝晶间的正偏析元素Ti;元素偏析导致剩余液体的密度发生变化,而且液体密度基本上呈现反转趋势,当凝固温度到1300℃时,出现最大的密度反转.     

快速凝固Al-Li合金的拉伸性能及微观机制

对不同的热处理条件下不同挤压比成型的快速凝固 Al- L i合金的拉伸性能进行了对比研究 ,通过电子透镜和扫描断口分析表明 ,Al- Li合金是一种近乎脆断的断裂方式 ,其原因是 δ′相 (Al3L i)和 S′相(Al2 Cu Mg)不能很好地匹配     

探讨稀土元素在快速凝固Al-Ti合金中的作用

在快速凝固Al-Ti合金中加入稀土元素La可以有效的增加合金的过冷度,抑制平衡相Al3Ti,亚稳相Al4Ti,优先形成细小、园整、弥散的金属问化合物相Al20Ti2La,该化合物相具有优良的热稳定性,极大的改善了快速凝固Al-Ti合金的热强性能．     

Cr元素对Al-Ni合金凝固组织及显微硬度的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)和硬度测试等手段研究Cr元素对Al-Ni合金的相组成、凝固组织及显微硬度的影响。结果表明,AlNi2.5Crx合金凝固组织主要为α(Al)相和共晶组织Al-Al_3Ni;Cr的添加细化了合金凝固组织,当Cr的原子分数为0.2%时,α(Al)细化效果最佳,当Cr的原子分数为0.3%时,Al_3Ni细化效果最佳;随着Cr含量的增加,合金硬度得到提高,当Cr的原子分数为0.5%时,合金硬度达到最大值51.2HV,这是固溶强化、细晶强化和晶格畸变共同作用的结果。     

An investigation on supercooling directional solidification process of Cu-Ni single phase alloy

Supercooling directional solidification (SDS) is put fotward by combination of melt supercooling and conventional solidification by application of supercooling inheritance. On the self-designed SDS equipment, SDS of Cu-Ni alloy was achieved successfully The results are as follows f (i) The primary arm spacing is about 30 μm, the growth of secondary arms are strongly suppressed. The primary arm spacing is nearly the same as LMC method (GL=25 K/mm, V=500 pm/s), the primary stems are straight, fine and completed. with an inclination angle of about 5.8° (ii) A semi-quantitative T-T model is brought fotward to describe the dendrite growth rate V vs. undercooling AT The prediction of T-T model agrees well with experimental results. The formation of fine equiaxed dendrites, transition region and dendrite region can be explained successfully by △T-V-x relation of T-T model.     

热处理和冷变形对连续定向凝固Cu-Ag合金性能的影响

研究了连续定向凝固Cu-Ag合金铸态试样及其经过大变形冷加工后线材的微观组织和性能,分析了热处理和冷变形对连续定向凝固合金的强度和电导率的影响.经过大变形冷加工后,Cu-Ag合金具有致密的纤维组织结构,强度进一步增加,电导率略有下降.在低温热处理后,Cu-Ag合金强度增加,电导率得到恢复.高温热处理时,Cu-Ag合金强度和电导率都下降.     

双相纳米结构CuZr合金力学行为的模拟研究

采用分子动力学方法研究了在拉伸载荷作用下,晶粒尺寸对纳米多晶Cu和双相纳米结构CuZr复合材料塑性变形机制的影响.研究结果表明,小晶粒尺寸的纳米多晶Cu的变形机制以晶粒旋转以及晶界迁移为主,并伴随着少量位错的成核与滑移.晶粒尺寸较大的纳米多晶Cu的塑性变形机制则以裂纹的成核与生长为主.对于双相纳米结构Cu/CuZr复合材料,非晶相的塑性变形在复合材料的塑性变形过程中起主导作用,且这种现象与晶粒尺寸无关.此外,当晶粒尺寸增加到一定尺寸时,复合材料的晶界处也出现了晶界裂纹,但非晶相明显延缓和阻碍了裂纹的成核与扩展.研究表明非晶相的引入能有效提升纳米多晶Cu的塑性.     

Influence of Mo and Ta additions on solidification behavior of Ni3Al single crystal alloys

Ni3Al(Ni75Al25) and Ni3Al–2Mo/Ta(Ni73.5Al24.5Mo/Ta2) single crystals were prepared by the Bridgman method under high temperature gradient(~170℃/cm) at the withdrawal rates of 5 and 20 μm/s. The experimental results showed that the addition of Mo decreased the liquidus and solidus temperatures, and the addition of Ta increased the liquidus and solidus temperatures. Meanwhile, both Mo and Ta additions were found to increase the solidi fi cation range of experimental alloy. It has been found that for solidi fi cation of stoichiometric Ni3Al at low withdrawal rate(5 μm/s), β/γ'eutectic first solidi fied from liquid(L→β+γ') and then β phase completely transformed into pure γ'(β→γ') after the completion of solidi fi cation. However, at high withdrawal rate of 20 μm/s, the remaining β phase was found in the as-cast microstructure of Alloy Ni3Al. Different from stoichiometric Ni3Al, the solidi fi cation sequence of Alloy Ni3Al–2Mo was identi fi ed as L→β+γ'+Mo-rich phase(ternary eutectic reaction). In addition, the addition of Ta led to the formation of primary γ'phase and then subsequent intercellular/interdendritic β/γ'eutectic microstructure. Based on above study, a new Ta and Mo containing Ni3Al based single crystal alloy with superior tensile strength at ultra-high temperature(1100℃) was designed.     

Ce对Fe-Ni膨胀合金凝固组织的影响

Ce对Fe-Ni膨胀合金凝固组织的影响研究结果表明:经Ce处理后,Fe-Ni膨胀合金中形成了大量的高熔点Ce2O3包芯Al2O3复合物,尺寸约为2μm.错配度理论计算表明,Ce2O3的某些低指数面与Fe-Ni膨胀合金的低指数面具有7·1%的较低错配度,因此Ce2O3作为非均匀形核核心使膨胀合金凝固组织由完全的柱状晶变为完全的等轴晶组织.Ce在凝固组织的等轴晶晶界上以Ce2O3、Ce2O2S和CeS形式存在,具有阻止晶粒长大的作用.     

Mg对Zn--11%Al合金镀层凝固组织及合金层生长的影响

将工业纯铁分别在510℃的Zn-11%Al、Zn-11%Al-1.5%Mg、Zn-11%Al-3%Mg和Zn-11%Al-4.5%Mg合金熔池中进行不同时间的热浸镀,使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪等仪器设备,研究Mg含量对Zn-11%Al合金镀层凝固组织和镀层中Fe-Al合金层生长的影响.结果表明：Zn-11%Al合金镀层凝固组织由富Al相和Zn/Al二元共晶组成;随着Zn-11%Al-x%Mg合金中Mg含量的增加,合金镀层的凝固组织中逐渐出现Zn/Al/MgZn2三元共晶、块状 MgZn2相和Al/MgZn2二元共晶.四种合金镀层中合金层主要由Fe2 Al5 Znx和FeAl3 Znx相组成,合金层的厚度随浸镀时间的增加而增加,Mg含量的增加使Fe-Al合金层生长速率指数和生长速率降低.在Zn-11%Al合金镀层中Fe-Al合金层形成的初期,可形成致密稳定的Fe-Al化合物层;热浸镀120 s后,扩散通道的移动使Fe-Al化合物层失稳破裂. Zn-11%Al-x%Mg合金中Mg元素可明显推迟液Zn进入镀层中Fe-Al合金层的时间,使Fe-Al合金层更加稳定和致密.     

Effect of M-EMS on the solidification structure of a steel billet

Effects of mold electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS) on the solidification structure of 45# steel billet were investigated by examination of interdendritic corrosion. The results show that the primary and secondary dendrite arm spacings increase from the edge of the billet to the center and decrease obviously with increasing electromagnetic torque, which will be beneficial to refine the solidification structure and enlarge the equiaxed crystal zone. The ratio of equiaxed crystal increases by 15.9% with the electromagnetic torque increasing from 230 to 400 cN·cm. The increase of stirring intensity can improve the cooling rate and the impact of M-EMS on it reduces from the edge of the billet to the central area, where the cooling rates are similar at different torques. The closer to the central area, the less the influence of M-EMS on the cooling rate is. The ratio of the primary to secondary dendrite arm spacing is approximately 2.0, namely, λ1≈2λ2, and is constant irrespective of the stirring intensity and position of the billet. Original position analysis (OPA) results indicate that the center segregation of the billet is greatly improved, and the more uniform and compact solidification structure will be obtained with the increase of stirring intensity.     

稀土变质与液态过热对共晶Al-Si合金凝固组织的影响

采用稀土对共晶成分的 ZL 10 2合金进行变质处理 ,并对经稀土变质的铝合金熔体进行过热处理 ,用显微镜和扫描电镜对处理后的合金组织进行分析研究。试验结果表明 ,在金属型铸造条件下加入质量分数为 0 .4%～ 0 .8%的稀土对共晶Al-Si合金具有良好的变质效果 ,而在 960～ 10 60℃下的过热处理能使 RE变质后的共晶 Al-Si合金中的 Si相进一步细化 ,从而获得良好的凝固组织。     

镍钛形状记忆合金线坯连续定向凝固温度场的数值模拟

连续定向凝固过程中结晶器的温度分布对固-液界面位置和形状具有重要影响.在建立三维物理模型以及确定材料热物性参数、边界条件与冷却水对流换热系数计算方法的基础上,采用ANSYS有限元软件对不同参数组合条件下镍钛形状记忆合金线坯连续定向凝固的稳态温度场进行了数值模拟.研究结果表明,在所给定的模型及各种参数条件下,镍钛形状记忆合金在结晶器内可以完成凝固过程,且固-液界面呈平直状,具备了进行连续定向凝固制备的基本条件.     

升温速率对1933铝合金铸锭均匀化组织的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、透射电镜和X线衍射分析等试验手段,研究升温速率对1933铝合金铸锭均匀化显微组织的影响.研究结果表明;合金铸态中主要存在α(Al)+η(MgZn2)非平衡共晶组织、AlZnCu相和AlCuFe相;均匀化处理后共晶组织被消除,η相溶解,合金中残留有AlZnCu相和AlcuFe相;合金经465℃/24 h、升温速率为200℃/h均匀化处理后,晶界附近存在一个明显的无A13Zr粒子析出带(DFZ),宽度为3～5 μm,晶粒中心Al3Zr粒子的密度较小,约为120个/μm3,粒子尺寸较大,半径约为15 nm;均匀化慢速升温(20℃/h)将无弥散析出区(DFZ)的宽度减小到0.5μm,晶内Al3Zr粒子分布更弥散细小,粒子半径为10 nm,粒子密度约为400个/μm3.     

冷却速率对奥氏体不锈钢凝固过程影响的原位观察

通过采用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜对AISI304奥氏体不锈钢的凝固过程进行了原位动态观察研究.发现当冷却速率为0.05℃.s-1时,奥氏体不锈钢以胞状晶方式凝固,其凝固模式为FA模式,即δ铁素体相先从液相中形核并长大,γ相在1 448.9℃时通过与液相发生包晶反应（L＋δ→γ）在δ铁素体相界形成,当温度降到1 431.3℃时液相消失,δ铁素体相通过固态相变转变为γ相,富Cr贫Ni的残留铁素体位于胞状晶之间.当冷却速率为3.0℃.s-1时,奥氏体不锈钢以枝晶方式生长,冷却到1346.4℃时包晶反应在液相与δ铁素体相界之间进行,其残留铁素体位于枝晶干,与冷却速率为0.05℃.s-1时相比,其残留铁素体的数量增多,残留铁素体富Cr贫Ni的程度减轻.     

电脉冲处理对Sn-15%Pb合金凝固组织中枝晶形态的影响

研究了电脉冲处理对Sn-15%Pb合金凝固组织的影响.通过对Sn-15%Pb合金熔体施加电脉冲处理,其凝固组织发生了由原始的树枝晶向球状组织的转化,同时晶粒发生明显细化.分析认为,由于电脉冲处理作用,合金熔体结构发生了改变,使熔体中Pb的活度提高,进而引起溶质平衡分配系数的变化,导致凝固前沿的溶质富集减轻,溶质分布情况发生改变,促使树枝晶向球状组织转化,并且使凝固组织发生细化.     

Effect of Sc addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of 1460 alloy

The effect of minor addition of Sc on microstructure,age hardening behavior,tensile properties and fracture morphology of 1460 alloy have been studied. It is found that Sc content increase from 0.11 wt% to 0.22 wt% is favorable for grain refinement in as-cast alloy but results in a coarsening of Cu-rich particles. The alloy with 0.11 wt% Sc exhibits enhanced mechanical properties and age hardening effect. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) investigations on the alloy with 0.11 wt% Sc have suggested that a large amount of Al3(Sc,Zr) particles precipitated at the earlier aging may inhibit recrystallization effectively.     

冷却速率对AZ91D镁合金半固态组织制备的影响

：研究了不同冷却速率(金属型、湿砂型和干砂型)对AZ91D镁合金半固态组织制备的影响．结果表明：增加冷却速率有利于初始凝固组织中存在的非平衡组织的分散细化．原始组织中的非平衡共晶组织在加热过程中大部分扩散溶解而溶入基体中,剩余部分在加热过程中首先熔化．冷却速率越大的试样在熔化过程中更容易发生二次枝晶臂之间的合并．提出了半固态熔化过程可分为成分均匀化、共晶熔化和部分初生相的熔化和球化三个阶段,不同熔化阶段时,控制性因素不同．熔化后的半固态组织中固态颗粒的尺寸和形貌主要与初始组织的形貌、加热过程中非平衡组织的溶解速度及加热速度有关。     

DSC study on the undercooling of droplet solidification of metal melt

In this paper, the influence of cooling rate on the undercooling of droplet solidification of metal melt has been investigated by employing the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. The effect of cooling rate on the undercooling as well as its change tendency is analyzed theoretically. It is shown that the undercooling degree increases whereas the change rate of undercooling decreases with increasing cooling rate. Moreover, the change tendency approaches zero when the cooling rate exceedingly increased, indicating that an extremum of undercooling exists with increasing cooling rate.