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1.
利用TG—DTG—DTA热分析技术研究了二水合碳酸亚铈、九水合草酸亚铈、六水合硝酸亚铈三种铈盐的热分解过程.发现二水合碳酸亚铈在75-180℃下脱去2mol水生成无水碳酸亚铈,后者在220—300℃下分解脱去CO2生成CeO2;九水合草酸亚铈在100-180℃下脱去9mol水生成无水草酸亚铈,后者在290—380℃下分解并同时脱去CO和CO2生成CeO2;而六水合硝酸亚铈在60—80℃下首先脱去3.5mol水生成含2.5个结晶水的硝酸亚铈,后者在190-250℃下脱去2.5mol结晶水生成无水硝酸亚铈,在258—310℃下硝酸亚铈热分解脱去NO2和O2并生成CeO2.采用外推法研究了九水合草酸亚铈两步热分解过程的动力学,由不同升温速率下的热分析曲线及外推β→0获得了相应的固相热分解反应所遵循的分解机理及动力学参数.发现九水合草酸亚铈脱水过程遵循球形对称的三维扩散机理,即Jander方程G(α)=G(α)=[1-(1-α)^1/3]^2,动力学参数E=180.9kJ/mol、lnA=63.5s^-1;而脱CO和CO2过程遵循成核和生长机理,即Avrami-Erofeev方程G(α)=[-ln(1-α)]^1/1.5,动力学参数E=115.4kJ/mol,lnA=22.0s^-1.  相似文献   

2.
以碳酸钾为缚酸剂,4-硝基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺与五种卤代试剂在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中回流反应3h.生成相应的N-取代-4-硝基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺(1),产率为46.4%~92.5%,硝基物在盐酸体系40℃下经氯化亚锡还原,得到N-取代-4-氨基,邻苯二甲酰亚胺(2),产率为29.6%~92.2%,氮气保护条件下,2与乙醇在固体光气作用下生成(2-取代-1,3-二酮-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-5-)-氨基甲酸乙酯(3),3的产率为67%~92%.各化合物的结构均经^1H-NMR、IR、元素分析和FAB-MS证实。  相似文献   

3.
合成1—(2—嘧啶基)—4—(3—氨丙基)哌嗪,目前大多采用4—(2—嘧啶基)—1[3—(2—邻苯二甲酰亚胺基)丙基]哌嗪肼解的合成方法.腈的毒性大以及操作过程中使用球—球蒸馏装置不利于工业化的批量生产.鉴此,本工作通过研究4—(2—嘧啶基)—l—[3—(2—邻苯二甲酰亚氨基)丙基]哌嗪酸性水解(产率63.5%)和碱性水解(产率50.0%)的反应条件,不仅去掉了球—球蒸馏反应,使反应产率提高、使反应过程容易操作,而且得出了最佳水解条件:对于酸性水解,4—(2—嘧啶基)—1—[3—(2—邻苯二甲酰亚氨基)丙基]哌嗪与盐酸摩尔数之比为1:30,对于碱性水解,前与氢氧化钠摩尔数之比为1:22,反应时间均为6h一7h.  相似文献   

4.
利用热分析法(TG/DSC)研究五水硫酸铜(CuSO_4·5H_2O)的热分解过程,并对其脱水机理及硫酸铜(CuSO_4)在高温下分解机理进行探索.研究表明,在升温速率为1℃/min时,CuSO_4·5H_2O的脱水过程为,在75℃失去2个结晶水,在100℃又失去2个结晶水,在215℃失去最后1个结晶水.CuSO_4分解为,CuSO_4在700℃分解生成氧化铜(CuO)和三氧化硫(SO_3),理论失重率为32.0%,实际失重率为31.0%;CuO在810℃进一步分解生成氧化亚铜(Cu_2O)和氧气(O_2),理论失重率为3.2%,实际失重率为3.2%,理论计算与实际测量值基本吻合.用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对CuSO_4·5H_2O分解产物进行分析,表征结果与热分析结果相一致,进一步验证了热分析方法的可靠性.  相似文献   

5.
以Ce(NO3)3.6H2O为铈源,(NH4)2 CO3.H2O为沉淀剂,加入少量PEG4000作为分散剂,采用化学沉淀法并经水洗、超声波醇洗,70℃干燥后得到CeO2的前驱体Ce2(CO3)3.H2 O。对Ce2(CO3)3.H2 O样品运用差示/热重分析(DSC/TG)和X射线衍射(XRD)方法进行其热分解过程研究,并通过多重速率扫描法记录样品在不同升温速率下的DSC/TG曲线,采用Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS)法和Coats-Redfern法进一步研究Ce2(CO3)3.H2 O的热分解动力学。研究结果表明:Ce2(CO3)3.H2 O热分解反应过程分2步进行,主要反应阶段的反应动力学参数是:反应活化能为105.51 kJ/mol,反应级数为2,频率因子为3.61;由此推断出可能的Ce2(CO3)3.H2 O热分解机理函数为Anti-Jander方程,受三维扩散机制控制。  相似文献   

6.
酰亚胺的相转移催化N-烷基化反应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
A.Butenandt 等发现,邻苯二甲酰亚胺的钾盐与三甲基苄基的季铵盐反应时,季铵盐发生分解而得到 N-苄基邻苯二甲酰亚胺,同时生成挥发性的三甲铵.U.Landini 和 F.Ralla 利用季磷盐为催化剂,用邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾盐为被作用物,进行了固一液相转移提取烷基化反应.考虑到这些情况,我们选用对称性高并且不形成挥发性胺的四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)作为催化剂,在二氯甲烷和40~50%氢氧化钾溶液中,用卤代烃与酰亚胺在35℃进行 N-烷基化反应.用溴丁烷为烃基化试剂,对催化剂用量及反  相似文献   

7.
利用差热分析法(DTA)结合热重法(TG)测定Ni(Py)4(SCN)2配合物的热分解机理.通过实验测定,该配合物在130 ℃以下稳定,133 ℃左右开始分解,133~187 ℃先失去四分子吡啶,分解成灰绿色的Ni(SCN)2和吡啶,212~272 ℃再次分解生成棕黄色的Ni(CN)2及单质S,345~415 ℃最后分解得到黑色有光泽的单质Ni.  相似文献   

8.
通过热重法(TG-DTG)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)技术研究了固态物质ZnC2O4·2H2O-NiC2O4·2H2O机械混合物(摩尔比3:2)在空气中热分解的过程.TG-DTG的曲线表明:其热分解过程TG曲线中4个明显的台阶与理论失重相吻合.XRD结果表明:样品在500℃煅烧生成为较好晶型的ZnO-NiO混合物.用Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS)法和Ozawa法求取Ea,用热分析动力学三因子求算的比较法判断出可能的机理函数.ZnC2O4和NiC2O4热分解的活化能分别为175.69~176.48 kJ/mol、220.28~200.93 kJ/mol,ZnC 2O4和NiC2O4分解反应过程可能遵循的机理函数微分形式分别为f(α)=3(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]2/3和f(α)=2(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]1/2;积分形式分别为g(α)=[-In(1-α)]1/3和g(α)=[-ln(1-α)]1/2,都属于随机成核和随后生长型机理函数(Avrami-Erofeer),Am,其调节因子m=3、2.  相似文献   

9.
通过热重法(TG-DTG)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)技术研究了固态物质ZnC2O4·2H2O-NiC2O4·2H2O机械混合物(摩尔比32)在空气中热分解的过程.TG-DTG的曲线表明其热分解过程TG曲线中4个明显的台阶与理论失重相吻合.XRD结果表明样品在500℃煅烧生成为较好晶型的ZnO-NiO混合物.用Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS)法和Ozawa法求取Ea,用热分析动力学三因子求算的比较法判断出可能的机理函数.ZnC2O4和NiC2O4热分解的活化能分别为175.69~176.48 kJ/mol、220.28~200.93 kJ/mol,ZnC 2O4和NiC2O4分解反应过程可能遵循的机理函数微分形式分别为f(α)=3(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]2/3和f(α)=2(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]1/2;积分形式分别为g(α)=[-In(1-α)]1/3和g(α)=[-ln(1-α)]1/2,都属于随机成核和随后生长型机理函数(Avrami-Erofeer),Am,其调节因子m=3、2.  相似文献   

10.
CuO-ZnO-CrOX-Al2O3催化剂前驱体组成及分解的热分析研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用热分析方法对CuO-ZnO-Al2O3和CuO-ZnO-CrOx-Al2O3催化剂的前驱体进行了研究,结果表明,当铬元素以硝酸铬引入时,Cr(NO3)3与碳酸钠反应生成Cr(OH)3沉淀,沉淀物的热分解产物为Cr2O3。当Cr元素采用Na2CrO4引入时,沉淀物的热分解产物为CrO3和CuO3。  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

14.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

15.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

16.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

17.
Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.  相似文献   

18.
正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-  相似文献   

19.
We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-  相似文献   

20.
正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that  相似文献   

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