Inflammatory factors produced by sensitized guinea-pig peripheral blood lymphocytes

Summary The supernatants obtained from stimulated tuberculin-sensitive guinea-pig peripheral blood lymphocytes contain factors that induce a cutaneous inflammatory response in normal guinea-pigs similar to the tuberculin reaction and inhibit the migration of normal guinea-pigs peritoneal exudate cells. There appears to be a correlation between the presence of in vitro migration inhibitory activity and inflammatory activity in vivo.     

Effects of lithium chloride on peripheral acetylcholine release and brain acetylcholine levels in the guinea-pig.

Lithium chloride administered acutely or chronically to guinea-pigs had no effect on brain level of acetylcholine or on peripheral release of acetylcholine from longitudinal muscle of the ileum. The results suggest differences between in vitro and in vivo action of lithium.     

Effects of lithium chloride on peripheral acetylcholine release and brain acetylcholine levels in the guinea-pig

Summary Lithium chloride administered acutely or chronically to guinea-pigs had no effect on brain level of acetylcholine or on peripheral release of acetylcholine from longitudinal muscle of the ileum. The results suggest differences between in vitro and in vivo action of lithium.To whom correspondence should be addressed.     

Studies on the relationships between biotin and the behaviour of B and T lymphocytes in the guinea-pig

Summary In biotin-deficient guinea-pigs the number of circulating neutrophils is increased; lymphocytes carrying B and T markers are decreased. Incubation with biotin increases significantly the number of lymphocytes carrying B and T markers, from biotin-deficient guinea-pigs; no increase was observed when the lymphocytes from normal guinea-pigs were incubated.     

The absence of an inhibitory effect of metyrapone (2-methyl-1,2-di (3-pyridyl) propan-1-one) on hepatic microsomal hydroxylation in scurvy.

Microsomes from livers of scorbutic guinea-pigs showed a reduced rate of acetanilide hydroxylation. The response of "scorbutic" liver microsomes to the inhibitor Metyrapone (2-methyl-1,2 di (3-pyridyl) propan-1-one) was different from that of liver microsomes from non-scorbutic guinea-pigs.     

Study of prostaglandin synthesis during anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs]

In guinea pigs actively sensitized with ovalbumin and shocked, we have measured blood histamine and histaminase, pulmonary content in cycli AMP and prostaglandins (PG) E1, E2 and F2alpha. In pulmonary efferent blood, both PGE and PGF are increased. In lung tissue, only PGF2alpha, which are bronchoconstructive mediators, are increased. Th increased level in PG seems to have two origins: first a specific increase, then an increased synthesis secondary to histamine release.     

Effect of host age on the expression of acquired resistance to ticks

Summary Young guinea-pigs (350 g) expressed significantly greater levels of acquired resistance to challenge by larvalAmblyomma americanum ticks than older guinea-pigs (520–800 g). This finding suggests that younger guinea-pigs are immunologically more responsive to tick infestation than older mature individuals. Therefore, host age is an important variable in evaluating acquired resistance to ticks.Supported in part by grants from the United States Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health No. AI 17555, AI 19657, RR 05443 and from the Rockefeller Foundation.     

Effect of colchicine on polymerization of tubulin from rats, mice, hamsters and guinea-pigs.

Colchicine-inhibition of polymerization of tulbulin from rats, mice, golden hamsters and guinea-pigs was studied to determine if species differences in tubulin sensitivity to colchicine might parallel species variation in colchicine toxicity. It was found that polymerization of tubulin is nearly equally sensitive to colchicine in all four species.     

Perinatal changes in plasma carnitine levels in 4 species of mammal

Summary Plasma levels of carnitine, acetylcarnitine, and -hydroxybutyrate rise perinatally in rats, guinea-pigs and sheep but not in rabbits. In the fetus, carnitine levels are high in rabbits and guinea-pigs but not in rats and sheep.     

Close correlation between levels of cholesterol and free fatty acids in lymphoid cells

Summary A close correlation was found between the levels of free cholesterol and free fatty acids in lymphoid cells from thymus, spleen or lymph node of mice and guinea-pigs. This relationship suggests a possible role of cholesterol regulating the fatty acid levels in lymphoid cells.     

Effect of colchicine on polymerization of tubulin from rats,mice, hamsters and guinea-pigs

Summary Colchicine-inhibition of polymerization of tubulin from rats, mice, golden hamsters and guinea-pigs was studied to determine if species differences in tubulin sensitivity to colchicine might parallel species variation in colchicine toxicity. It was found that polymerization of tubulin is nearly equally sensitive to colchicine in all four species.This work was supported by PHS Grant No. CA 16425.     

Effect of aldosterone and methylprednisolone on cardiac NaK-ATPase.

Aldosterone (15 microgram BID) and methylprednisolone (8 mg QD) administration to female guinea-pigs augmented both the total and the specific activity of NaK-ATPase but not the activity of adenylate cyclase in the cardiac sarcolemma. The rise in NaK-ATPase was due to increase in the number of enzyme molecules; catalytic activity and ouabain-sensitivity of individual molecules did not change.     

Endolymphatic leakage in case of acute loss of cochlear microphonics

Rapid loss of cochlear microphonics in guinea-pigs previously exposed to high-energy impulse noise was shown to be related to the breakdown of the endolymphatic boundary. The cochlear duct was rendered leaky by deterioration of the reticular membrane, and damage of sensory and supporting cells.     

The in vitro effect of adrenergic agents and related compounds on triglyceride levels of guinea-pig lymphoid cells

Summary Isoproterenol, epinephrine and norepinephrine were highly potent in decreasing the triglyceride levels of the splenic lymphoid cells from guinea-pigs in vitro, while they were quite inert upon the inguinal lymph node cells.     

Ontogenetic changes in relative levels of cyclic AMP-dependent and cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinases in prostates, epididymides and testes from guinea-pigs.

Changes in relative levels of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (A-PK) and cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (G-PK) in prostates, epidymides and testes from guinea-pigs were examined at 3 different ages. During postnatal development, a decrease in the ratio of the 2 classes of protein kinases was seen in prostates, whereas increases of the ratios of the enzymes were found in epididymides and testes.     

The in vitro effect of adrenergic agents and related compounds on triglyceride levels of guinea-pig lymphoid cells.

Isoproterenol, epinephrine and norepinephrine were highly potent in decreasing the triglyceride levels of the splenic lymphoid cells from guinea-pigs in vitro, while they were quite inert upon the inguinal lymph node cells.     

Thiaminpyrophosphatase bei der experimentellen Diphtherieintoxikation

Summary The determinations of thiamine pyrophosphatase activity were carried out in the liver homogenates of normal guinea-pigs and those poisoned with diphtheria toxin.The enzyme activity in the toxaemic liver tissue is twice that of normal guinea-pigs. It is supposed that this result may partly explain the increased level of pyruvic acid in the blood of patients with diphtheria. Further studies on this problem are under way.     

5-hydroxytryptamine induced changes in body temperature of newborn kittens and guinea-pigs and the effect of indomethacin thereon

During the first days of life 10 microgram i.c.v. 5-HT evoked a primary, short-lasting hyperthermia in kittens and hypothermia in guinea-pigs. In both species, a secondary late hyperthermia occurred that could be prevented by indomethacin pretreatment.     

Destruction of the platelet aggregating activity of ristocetin A

Hydrolysis of ristocetin A in 0.1 N HCl at 37 degrees C for 2 h resulted in the loss of its ability to induce platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma derived from guinea-pigs and humans. However its antibiotic activity against Staph. aureus was not lost.     

Superiority of human complement for assaying bacterial lipopolysaccharides by their anticomplementary activity.

In assaying bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for anticomplementary activity, human complement (C) allowed detection of approximately 200 times smaller amounts of LPS than guinea-pigs C. Pig C was slightly inferior to human.