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1.
Controlled synthesis of hollow structures with non-spherical holes is significant in fabricating nanomaterials with well-defined geometries and specific catalytic and electrochemical properties. Here we report the synthesis of uniform hexagonal bipyramid hematite(α-Fe_2O_3) nanoparticles with hollow and faceted interior via directional etching process in solution. The delicate hollow structures were investigated by electron tomography and growth mechanism was revealed unambiguously. The three-dimensional visualization demonstrates the outside surfaces of hematite particles are enclosed by six {104} and twelve {113} planes, due to the stabilizing effect of the F-anions on the exposed surfaces. The concurrent etching process is a reverse process of crystal growth and leads to the dissolution occurring at the edges and tips of the hexagonal bipyramid particles, resulting in the perforated crystals with exposed {102} internal facets or overetched nanorings with hexagonal cross-sections.This nanoscale growth and etching process still strictly follows the bulk crystal growth mechanism, thus shedding light on the synthesis of other nanoparticle with controlled morphologies and porous structures. 相似文献
2.
Owing to their scientific and technological importance, inorganic single crystals with highly reactive surfaces have long been studied. Unfortunately, surfaces with high reactivity usually diminish rapidly during the crystal growth process as a result of the minimization of surface energy. A typical example is titanium dioxide (TiO2), which has promising energy and environmental applications. Most available anatase TiO(2) crystals are dominated by the thermodynamically stable {101} facets (more than 94 per cent, according to the Wulff construction), rather than the much more reactive {001} facets. Here we demonstrate that for fluorine-terminated surfaces this relative stability is reversed: {001} is energetically preferable to {101}. We explored this effect systematically for a range of non-metallic adsorbate atoms by first-principle quantum chemical calculations. On the basis of theoretical predictions, we have synthesized uniform anatase TiO(2) single crystals with a high percentage (47 per cent) of {001} facets using hydrofluoric acid as a morphology controlling agent. Moreover, the fluorated surface of anatase single crystals can easily be cleaned using heat treatment to render a fluorine-free surface without altering the crystal structure and morphology. 相似文献
3.
Pulsed laser photolysis/laser-induced fluorescence (LP-LIF) is utilized to measure rate constants for C2(a3Πu) reactions with NO, N2O, O2, H2 and NH3. Multiphoton dissociation of C2Cl4 at 266 nm is employed for the generation of C2(a3Πu) radicals. The C2(a3Πu) concentration is monitored by the fluorescence of the (0, 0) band of the (d3Πg8596;a3Πu) transition at 516.5 nm. C2(a3Πu) removal rate constants for the reactions are determined as kNO = (5.46 ± 0.10) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 , kN2O = (1.63 ± 0.20) × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 , kN2O = (1.58 ± 0.16) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, kO2 = (5.92 ± 1.00) × 10-14 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, kH2< 1.0× 10-14 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. Based on the data analysis and theoretical calculation, we suggest that the C2(a3Πu) reactions with H2 and NH3 proceed via the hydrogen abstraction mechanism, barriers exist at the entrance channel of the reactions of C2(a3Πu) with H2 and NH3. 相似文献
4.
5.
Che Ka-jia Li Zhi-chen College of Management Huazhong University of Science Technology Wuhan Hubei China 《武汉大学学报:自然科学英文版》2004,9(2):149-152
0 IntroductionIntheprocessofR&Ditem ,thereisusuallycompetition .ManyfirmswanttoinvestR&Dtoobtainapatent.Lury[1 ] gaveanequilibriuminvestmentundertheconditionofone timeinvestmentandcontinuousinvestmentwhenthepayoffwasafixedprize.Ref.[2 ]analyzedtheeffectofinformationsharinginR&D .TherearemanyliteraturesaboutanalysisofR&DlevelswhenfirmscompeteinoutputmarketafterR&Dsucceeds[3 ,4] .Additionally ,todecideinvestmentlevel,therearemanyliteraturesaboutR&Ditem’spricing .MondherBellalah[5] ,K .… 相似文献
6.
Ag2S nanoparticle nanowires were prepared in a porous anodic aluminum oxide template by a simple paired cell method,and were characterized by XRD,FESEM,HRTEM and EDS.The results showed that the as-prepared nanowires were composed of monoclinic Ag2S nanoparticles.The nanowire diameters ranged from 165 to 270 nm,and Ag2S nanoparticles were nearly spherical with diameters of 40 to 60 nm.The paired cell method is simple,low cost and easy to control for the fabrication of high density and high aspect ratio Ag2S nanoparticle nanowires.A formation mechanism for the nanoparticle nanowires was suggested. 相似文献
7.
14-facets polyhedra chalcocite Cu2S nanocrystals were synthesized by a solvothermal
method. It was found that the presence of trio-n-octylphosphine during the synthesis was essential
for the exposure of unconventional {110} faces. Results from photoelectrochemical measurements
indicated that the polyhedra bounded by {110} facets exhibited much higher activities than the
Cu2S hexagonal plates with only {001} facets. 相似文献
8.
For double arrays of constants {a
ni, 1≤i≤k
n, n≥1} and NA r.v. 's {X
n, n≥1}, conditions for almost sure convergence of
are given. Both casesk
n ↑ ∞ andk
n=∞ are treated. A Marcinkiewicz-type theorem for i. d. NA sequences is obtained as a special case.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
Cheng Riyan: born in 1968, MS student 相似文献
9.
The water solubility in Al-Fe-Mg orthopyroxene [(Mg,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)O3: X Fe = 0.1] was investigated as a function of temperature and Al contents. Experiments were performed at 10 kbar with temperatures ranging from 800 to 1200°C under water-saturated conditions. Water contents in the (Mg,Fe)SiO3-H2O-Al2O3 system were determined using unpolarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The present results show that water solubility in Al-bearing orthopyroxene decreases systematically with temperature from approximately 1 weight % at 800°C to 568 ± 58 ppm at 1200°C and increase significantly with increasing Al2O3 contents under the same annealing temperature and pressure. Combined with published results on the dependence of hydroxyl solubility on water fugacity and pressure, the present results can be described by the relation $C_{OH} = A(T)f_{H_2 O}^{n = 0.5} \exp \left( { - \frac{{\Delta H^{1bar} + \Delta V^{solid} P}} {{RT}}} \right)$ where A = 0.0024 ± 0.0015 ppm/bar0.5, ΔH 1bar = ?103.348 ± 9.768 kJ/mol, and solid ΔV solid = 9.2 ± 1.1 cm3/mol. This equation implies that the incorporation mechanism of water in aluminous orthopyroxene involves the isolated OH groups. Based on the experimentally established solubility model used in this study, it is suggested that water solubility decreases with increasing temperature under typical upper mantle pressure. The predicted temperature dependence of water solubility is in good agreement with the previous experimental observations in Al-bearing orthopyroxene, but the opposite dependence is observed in Al-free systems. Moreover, our estimation of the water solubility in upper-mantle minerals as a function of depth for a typical oceanic geotherm might be of potential importance in interpreting the geophysical observations. 相似文献
10.
利用到复射影空间Pn(C)的全纯映射的正规性和值分布理论,结合Zalcman引理,对单位圆盘到高维复射影空间中全纯曲线的Landau定理进行了研究,得到了如下结果:设f:?→Pn(C)为全纯曲线D1,D2,…,D2t+1为Pn(C)上的2t+1个超曲面且位于t?次一般位置.若对于每一个j=1,2,…,2t+1,f(c)... 相似文献
11.
Zhong Li 《科学通报(英文版)》1997,42(24):2025-2025
The boundary value problem for harmonic maps of the Poincare disc is discussed. The emphasis is on the non-smoothness of the given boundary values in the problem. Let T . be a subspace of the universal Teichmüller space, defined as a set of normalized quasisymmetric homeomorphisms h of the unit circle S onto itself where h admits a quasiconformal extension to the unit disc D with a complex dilatation μ satisfying
where ρ(z)|dz|2 is the Poincare metric of D. Let B . be a Banach space consisting of holomorphic quadratic differentials φ in D with norms
It is shown that for any given quasisymmetric homeomorphism h : S1→S1∈ T . , there is a unique quasiconformal harmonic map of D with respect to the Poincare metric whose boundary corresponding is h and the Hopf differential of such a harmonic map belongs to B . 相似文献
12.
For double arrays of constants {a
ni, 1≤i≤k
n, n≥1} and NA r.v. 's {X
n, n≥1}, conditions for almost sure convergence of
are given. Both casesk
n ↑ ∞ andk
n=∞ are treated. A Marcinkiewicz-type theorem for i. d. NA sequences is obtained as a special case.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
Cheng Riyan: born in 1968, MS student 相似文献
13.
Nano-solid-base catalyst K2O/γ-Al2O3 was prepared and adopted for the synthesis of biodiesel by transesterification of rapeseed oil with methanol. The particle
diameter of the catalyst was about 50 nm, which was measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The variables affecting
the yield of biodiesel during transesterification, such as mass ratio of KNO3 to γ-Al2O3, calcination temperature, calcination time, and catalyst content, molar ratio of methanol to oil, reaction temperature and
reaction time were investigated. The catalyst obtained by calcining a mixture of KNO3 and γ-Al2O3
at 600 °C for 3 h, was found to be the optimum one, which gave the highest catalytic activity in reaction. With 3% (m
catalyst/m
oil) catalyst, when the transesterification carried out at a molar ratio of methanol to oil 12:1, a reaction temperature of 70
°C, and a reaction time of 3 h, yield of 94% was achieved.
Foundation item: Supported by the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2007AA100703) 相似文献
14.
An investigation on oxidation behavior of coated Ni-based single crystal superalloy in different surface orientations has been carried out at1100 ℃. It has been found that the {100} surface shows a better oxidation resistance than the {110} one, which is attributed that the {110}surface had a slightly higher oxidation rate when compared to the {100} surface. The experimental results also indicated that the anisotropic oxidation behavior took place even with a very small difference in the oxidation rates that was found between the two surfaces. The differences of the topologically close packed phase amount and its penetration depth between the two surfaces, including the ratio of α-Al2O3 after 500 h oxidation, were responsible for the oxidation anisotropy. 相似文献
15.
LPQD列生成线性过程部分和的精确渐近性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
设{εt;t∈Z+}是一严平稳零均值的LPQD随机变量序列, 并且02 1<∞, σ2, 0<σ2<∞, {aj; j∈N }是一实数序列, 定义线性过程Xt. 利用弱收敛定理和矩不等式, 对一般的拟权函数和边界函数, 证明了{Mn}和{Sn}的精确渐近性. 相似文献
16.
In this paper,an exponential inequality for weighted sums of identically distributed NOD (negatively orthant dependent) random variables is established,by which we obtain the almost sure convergence rate of which reaches the available one for independent random variables in terms of Berstein type inequality. As application,we obtain the relevant exponential inequality for Priestley-Chao estimator of nonparametric regression estimate under NOD samples,from which the strong consistency rate is also obtained. 相似文献
17.
Correlation of morphological anisotropy and Lankford value of deep drawing sheets hot-rolled by compact strip production
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Shu-li Li Run Wu Yuan-zheng Wei Zhi-fang Wu Xue-jun Zhou Yong-fu Zhang Guang Xu 《矿物冶金与材料学报》2012,19(10):934-938
Cold-rolled steel sheets in automotive applications require an excellent deep draw ability, which is characterized by the Lankford value (r-value). In this study, a correlation was identified between r-value and pancake-shaped grain flatness which is indicated as the ratio of grain diameter in the rolling direction (RD) and normal direction (ND) of sheets (dr/dn). A mathematical model (r=e0.345(dn-1/2-dr-1/2)) was developed to calculate r-value by the microstructure of steel sheets hot-rolled by compact strip production (CSP). It is shown that the r-value is higher, if the microstructure of steel sheet is of pancake-shaped grains elongated in the rolling direction. The calculated r-value is confirmed to fit exactly to the measured one from the large-scale production. 相似文献
18.
设{εt,t∈Z}为定义在同一概率空间(Ω,F,P )上的严平稳随机变量序列, 满足Eε0=0, E|ε0|p<∞, 对某个p>2, 且满足强混合条件. {aj, j∈Z}为一实数序列, 利用由强混合序列生成的线性过程的弱收敛定理及矩不等式讨论了在bn=O(1/log log n)的条件下的一类加权级数的收敛性质. 相似文献
19.
SHANG LinBo BI XianWu HU RuiZhong FAN WenLing 《科学通报(英文版)》2007,52(3):395-400
Using the solubility method, the solubility of CuCl2 in liquid-undersaturated HCl-bearing water vapor was investigated experimentally at temperatures of 330-370 ℃ and pressures of 4.2-10 MPa. The re-sults have shown that hydration could significantly enhance copper solubility and the concentrations of copper were positively correlated with PH2O. The solubility of copper in vapor phase increased with increasing PH2O at the constant temperature. CuCl2 was transported as hydrated species CuCl2(H2O)ngas in water vapor. The formation of complexes is proposed to be the result of the following reaction: CuCl2solid nH2Ogas = CuCl2 (H2O)ngas The hydration number n decreased slightly with increasing temperature. Statistical hydration numbers are 4.0, 3.6 and 3.3 at 330, 350 and 370 ℃ , respectively. 相似文献
20.
DU Nailin School of Mathematics Statistics Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China 《武汉大学学报:自然科学英文版》2006,11(3):486-492
0 IntroductionLeqtuiliHnebaer afo rHimlbaenrtd sap baoceun.dLeedtlianaenardfufnbceti oan baolu onndeHd ,serse--spectively. Our goal is to seekv∈Hsuchthata(u,v) =f(u) , u∈ H (1)As a rule, we call the expression (1) a variational equationandva solutiontothis equation.By virtue of the Riesz repre-sentationtheorem,there exists a uniquely determined boundedlinear operatorA:H→Hsuchthata(u,v) =〈u,Av〉, u,v∈ H,where〈·,·〉is the inner product onH.If the sesquilinearformais also with posit… 相似文献