远程协作实现对线性相关对称高维量子态的最大信心辨识

利用非局域二维受控一旋转门,Alice远程协助Bob实现对他未知的Ⅳ个线性相关对称d维量子态的最大信心辨识（N〉d）．该方案中,一非局域正定算符值测量系列（POVMs）起着关键作用,给出了这些测量算符的最优数学表式．也给出方案的成功概率及完成该方案所花费的纠缠和经典通信资源．值得注意的是,方案中每一非局域POVM只包含两个可用对角矩阵表示的远程测量算子,故仅需（m-1）个二维最大纠缠态就可完成-2m×2m维的非局域POVM．方案在目前的实验条件下是可行的．     

Experimental one-way quantum computing

Standard quantum computation is based on sequences of unitary quantum logic gates that process qubits. The one-way quantum computer proposed by Raussendorf and Briegel is entirely different. It has changed our understanding of the requirements for quantum computation and more generally how we think about quantum physics. This new model requires qubits to be initialized in a highly entangled cluster state. From this point, the quantum computation proceeds by a sequence of single-qubit measurements with classical feedforward of their outcomes. Because of the essential role of measurement, a one-way quantum computer is irreversible. In the one-way quantum computer, the order and choices of measurements determine the algorithm computed. We have experimentally realized four-qubit cluster states encoded into the polarization state of four photons. We characterize the quantum state fully by implementing experimental four-qubit quantum state tomography. Using this cluster state, we demonstrate the feasibility of one-way quantum computing through a universal set of one- and two-qubit operations. Finally, our implementation of Grover's search algorithm demonstrates that one-way quantum computation is ideally suited for such tasks.     

Deleting a marked state in quantum database in a duality computing mode

In this article, we present a deletion algorithm in the duality computer that deletes a marked state from an even superposition of all basis-states with certainty. This duality computer deletion algorithm requires a single query, and this achieves exponential speedup over classical algorithm. Using a duality mode and recycling quantum computing, we provide a realization of this duality computer deletion algorithm in quantum computer.     

不相干算子和强不相干算子的刻画

用算子代数和矩阵论的方法研究不相干量子运算和严格不相干量子运算所对应的kraus算子分解. 首先, 给出有界线性算子是不相干算子的等价条件及不相干算子的具体形式, 并给出用不相干算子刻画不相干量子运算的方法; 其次, 给出强不相干算子的具体形式及用强不相干算子刻画严格不相干量子运算的方法, 并给出严格不相干量子运算与不相干量子运算的关系.     

不相干算子和强不相干算子的刻画

用算子代数和矩阵论的方法研究不相干量子运算和严格不相干量子运算所对应的kraus算子分解. 首先, 给出有界线性算子是不相干算子的等价条件及不相干算子的具体形式, 并给出用不相干算子刻画不相干量子运算的方法; 其次, 给出强不相干算子的具体形式及用强不相干算子刻画严格不相干量子运算的方法, 并给出严格不相干量子运算与不相干量子运算的关系.     

Geometric method in quantum control

In this paper we survey the geometric method in quantum control.By presenting a geometric representation of nonlocal two-qubit quantum operation,we show that the control of two-qubit quantum operations can be reduced to a steering problem in a tetrahedron.Two physical examples are given to illustrate this method.We also provide analytic approaches to construct universal quantum circuit from any arbitrary quantum gate.     

基于波粒二相机实现大数因子分解

利用波粒二相机,根据原始的分解算法、量子Shor算法以及经典计算机中的费马算法和莱曼算法,提出了能够进行大数因子分解的几种算法.通过对原始分解算法的改进,使得用原始大数因子分解的问题由N次变为1次完成.通过对费马算法和莱曼算法改进,减少了大数质因子分解过程的计算复杂度.与量子计算机相比,波粒二相机使得在经典上需要指数步完成的算法,在多项式时间内就可以解决,减少了计算复杂度.     

利用部分纠缠的量子信道确定性地实现N→1和1→N的受控量子远程旋转

提出利用部分纠缠的量子信道确定性地实现多个发送者1个接受者和1个发送者多个接受者的受控量子远程旋转方案.首先考虑利用两个(N?M?1)粒子部分纠缠的Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ)态确定性地实现N个发送者在M个监控者的控制下确定性地将她们的旋转分别传给远处接受者的操作(N→1).然后考虑在一个(2K?M?1)粒子部分纠缠的Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR)-GHZ态或K个(M+2)粒子部分纠缠的GHZ态辅助下,发送者随意地将她的旋转分为N份(NK)并在M个监控者的控制下确定性地将它们分别传给远处N个接受者的操作(1→N).方案中,量子旋转的发送者或接受者或监控者的正定算符值测量(POVM)起着关键作用,我们给出了它们的数学表式.值得注意的是,用非理想的量子信道可确定性地实现N→1或1→N的量子远程旋转.这些方案可用于量子秘密共享,量子选举等,它们具极强的保密性.     

基于绝热量子演化的量子状态转换方法

量子算法成功的标志体现为实现了正确的量子状态转换,这一过程主要通过适当的量子算符来实现。然而,事实证明寻找合适的量子算符是非常困难的。之前大多数研究主要采用机器学习的方法解决这一问题,这些算法与以酉量子操作为特征的量子电路模型有较大差距,也难以分析其在量子计算机上的实现。提出利用绝热量子演化实现量子状态的转换,与标准量子计算模型相比,量子状态的转换更加直接,也不用考虑算符的酉性,因此是在量子计算及量子通信中值得借鉴的量子状态转化方法。     

量子计算原理及研究进展

 量子计算机是量子力学与计算问题相结合的产物,是近几年的研究热点,引起了广泛的社会关注。本文回顾量子计算机的发展,介绍了量子算法和量子计算模型,并以离子阱和超导线路为例阐述了量子计算机的物理实现,然后介绍了为了克服消相干而发展出的量子编码,以玻色取样为例讨论了量子霸权。展望未来,近期内可以展示量子霸权,进而实现解决特定问题的量子模拟器,但是普适的量子计算机的研制仍然需要很长的时间。     

Generating single microwave photons in a circuit

Microwaves have widespread use in classical communication technologies, from long-distance broadcasts to short-distance signals within a computer chip. Like all forms of light, microwaves, even those guided by the wires of an integrated circuit, consist of discrete photons. To enable quantum communication between distant parts of a quantum computer, the signals must also be quantum, consisting of single photons, for example. However, conventional sources can generate only classical light, not single photons. One way to realize a single-photon source is to collect the fluorescence of a single atom. Early experiments measured the quantum nature of continuous radiation, and further advances allowed triggered sources of photons on demand. To allow efficient photon collection, emitters are typically placed inside optical or microwave cavities, but these sources are difficult to employ for quantum communication on wires within an integrated circuit. Here we demonstrate an on-chip, on-demand single-photon source, where the microwave photons are injected into a wire with high efficiency and spectral purity. This is accomplished in a circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture, with a microwave transmission line cavity that enhances the spontaneous emission of a single superconducting qubit. When the qubit spontaneously emits, the generated photon acts as a flying qubit, transmitting the quantum information across a chip. We perform tomography of both the qubit and the emitted photons, clearly showing that both the quantum phase and amplitude are transferred during the emission. Both the average power and voltage of the photon source are characterized to verify performance of the system. This single-photon source is an important addition to a rapidly growing toolbox for quantum optics on a chip.     

Universal quantum computation with the exchange interaction

Various physical implementations of quantum computers are being investigated, although the requirements that must be met to make such devices a reality in the laboratory at present involve capabilities well beyond the state of the art. Recent solid-state approaches have used quantum dots, donor-atom nuclear spins or electron spins; in these architectures, the basic two-qubit quantum gate is generated by a tunable exchange interaction between spins (a Heisenberg interaction), whereas the one-qubit gates require control over a local magnetic field. Compared to the Heisenberg operation, the one-qubit operations are significantly slower, requiring substantially greater materials and device complexity--potentially contributing to a detrimental increase in the decoherence rate. Here we introduced an explicit scheme in which the Heisenberg interaction alone suffices to implement exactly any quantum computer circuit. This capability comes at a price of a factor of three in additional qubits, and about a factor of ten in additional two-qubit operations. Even at this cost, the ability to eliminate the complexity of one-qubit operations should accelerate progress towards solid-state implementations of quantum computation.     

Coherent properties of a two-level system based on a quantum-dot photodiode

Present-day information technology is based mainly on incoherent processes in conventional semiconductor devices. To realize concepts for future quantum information technologies, which are based on coherent phenomena, a new type of 'hardware' is required. Semiconductor quantum dots are promising candidates for the basic device units for quantum information processing. One approach is to exploit optical excitations (excitons) in quantum dots. It has already been demonstrated that coherent manipulation between two excitonic energy levels--via so-called Rabi oscillations--can be achieved in single quantum dots by applying electromagnetic fields. Here we make use of this effect by placing an InGaAs quantum dot in a photodiode, which essentially connects it to an electric circuit. We demonstrate that coherent optical excitations in the quantum-dot two-level system can be converted into deterministic photocurrents. For optical excitation with so-called pi-pulses, which completely invert the two-level system, the current is given by I = fe, where f is the repetition frequency of the experiment and e is the elementary charge. We find that this device can function as an optically triggered single-electron turnstile.     

A scalable quantum computer with ions in an array of microtraps

Quantum computers require the storage of quantum information in a set of two-level systems (called qubits), the processing of this information using quantum gates and a means of final readout. So far, only a few systems have been identified as potentially viable quantum computer models--accurate quantum control of the coherent evolution is required in order to realize gate operations, while at the same time decoherence must be avoided. Examples include quantum optical systems (such as those utilizing trapped ions or neutral atoms, cavity quantum electrodynamics and nuclear magnetic resonance) and solid state systems (using nuclear spins, quantum dots and Josephson junctions). The most advanced candidates are the quantum optical and nuclear magnetic resonance systems, and we expect that they will allow quantum computing with about ten qubits within the next few years. This is still far from the numbers required for useful applications: for example, the factorization of a 200-digit number requires about 3,500 qubits, rising to 100,000 if error correction is implemented. Scalability of proposed quantum computer architectures to many qubits is thus of central importance. Here we propose a model for an ion trap quantum computer that combines scalability (a feature usually associated with solid state proposals) with the advantages of quantum optical systems (in particular, quantum control and long decoherence times).     

水声宽带任意信号源系统的自动操作

 介绍了一套可实现自动操作的水声宽带任意信号源系统.上位机采用VC++进行滤波器设计和所需信号设计,可以随时调整参数生成需要的信号;上位机与专用采集卡、译码电路、继电器相结合实现发射机中匹配电路的控制,即相应换能器的选择,可匹配0.004～1.0Hz(归一化)宽带信号;上位机与专用采集卡、继电器和AB类放大电路相结合实现发射机中功放电路的控制,即模拟信号的放大输出.同时,给出了水声宽带任意信号源系统自动操作方法,本方法可减轻操作人员的长时间重复操作,解决工程实际中的人力资源问题.     

Real-time quantum feedback prepares and stabilizes photon number states

Feedback loops are central to most classical control procedures. A controller compares the signal measured by a sensor (system output) with the target value or set-point. It then adjusts an actuator (system input) to stabilize the signal around the target value. Generalizing this scheme to stabilize a micro-system's quantum state relies on quantum feedback, which must overcome a fundamental difficulty: the sensor measurements cause a random back-action on the system. An optimal compromise uses weak measurements, providing partial information with minimal perturbation. The controller should include the effect of this perturbation in the computation of the actuator's operation, which brings the incrementally perturbed state closer to the target. Although some aspects of this scenario have been experimentally demonstrated for the control of quantum or classical micro-system variables, continuous feedback loop operations that permanently stabilize quantum systems around a target state have not yet been realized. Here we have implemented such a real-time stabilizing quantum feedback scheme following a method inspired by ref. 13. It prepares on demand photon number states (Fock states) of a microwave field in a superconducting cavity, and subsequently reverses the effects of decoherence-induced field quantum jumps. The sensor is a beam of atoms crossing the cavity, which repeatedly performs weak quantum non-demolition measurements of the photon number. The controller is implemented in a real-time computer commanding the actuator, which injects adjusted small classical fields into the cavity between measurements. The microwave field is a quantum oscillator usable as a quantum memory or as a quantum bus swapping information between atoms. Our experiment demonstrates that active control can generate non-classical states of this oscillator and combat their decoherence, and is a significant step towards the implementation of complex quantum information operations.     

关于KT-伪Ⅱ型不变凸性的一个注记

在KT-伪Ⅱ型不变凸性下研究了一类非可微多目标规划的Mond—Weir对偶模型的限制逆对偶定理；进一步考虑了该类问题的混合对偶模型的弱对偶定理、强对偶定理、逆对偶定理．     

量子乘法器的设计及其实现方法

乘法器在数字信号处理和数字通信领域应用广泛,如何实现快速高效的乘法器关系着整个系统的运算速度。提出了一种新颖的量子乘法器设计方法,利用量子门设计一位量子全加器,并将n个一位量子全加器叠加在一起设计n位量子全加器,实现2个n位二进制数的加和;再利用2个控制非门设计置零电路,并使用置零电路设计量子右移算子;对二进制数乘法步骤进行改进,利用量子全加器和量子右移算子设计量子乘法器,同时设计实现此乘法器的量子线路。时间复杂度分析结果表明,本方法与目前最高效的量子乘法器具有相同的时间复杂度,并具有更简洁的实现方法。     

利用压缩光场控制量子动力学模型的退相干

本文利用压缩算符的性质及相干态的性质,推导了一个量子动力学模型的退相干因子,并且实现了宏观极限下的退相干,随后,我们发现这种系统仪器的耦合对退相干有显剧的影响.     

An open-system quantum simulator with trapped ions

The control of quantum systems is of fundamental scientific interest and promises powerful applications and technologies. Impressive progress has been achieved in isolating quantum systems from the environment and coherently controlling their dynamics, as demonstrated by the creation and manipulation of entanglement in various physical systems. However, for open quantum systems, engineering the dynamics of many particles by a controlled coupling to an environment remains largely unexplored. Here we realize an experimental toolbox for simulating an open quantum system with up to five quantum bits (qubits). Using a quantum computing architecture with trapped ions, we combine multi-qubit gates with optical pumping to implement coherent operations and dissipative processes. We illustrate our ability to engineer the open-system dynamics through the dissipative preparation of entangled states, the simulation of coherent many-body spin interactions, and the quantum non-demolition measurement of multi-qubit observables. By adding controlled dissipation to coherent operations, this work offers novel prospects for open-system quantum simulation and computation.