Effect of TiO2 nanotubes lateral spacing on photovoltaic properties of dye-sensitized solar cells

Vertically aligned TiO2 nanotube arrays （-8 μm long, -110nm wide） have been fabricated through anodic oxidation of Ti-metal sheet in fluoride- containing electrolyte. By changing the volume ratio of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in the electrolyte, TiO2 nanotube arrays with different tube-to-tube lateral spacing, i.e., closely packed, just separated, and fully separated, have been synthesized and applied as photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells （DSSCs）. Photovoltaic efficiency of 2.99 %, 3.34 %, and 3.44 % has been obtained for DSSCs based on the closely packed, just separated, and fully separated TiO2 nanotube arrays, respectively, illustrating the effect of tube-to-tube lateral spacing of TiO2 nanotube arrays on the performances of DSSCs. It is suggested that fully separated TiO2 nanotube arrays are beneficial to the conversion efficiency of DSSCs due to higher dye loading and faster electron transfer.     

Blue TiO2 polymorph: An efficient material for dye-sensitized solar cells fabricated using a low-temperature sintering process

Recently,surface-disordered or non-stoichiometric TiO_2,such as blue TiO_2(B-TiO_2),has received much attention owing to its unique properties,such as structural disorder near the surface and the existence of Ti~(3+)ions and oxygen vacancies.Therefore,surface-disordered TiO_2has been applied for microwave absorption,photocatalysis,in photoelectrochemical sensors and rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.In this work B-TiO_2,a polymorph consisting of nanoparticles,nanotubes and nanosheets,was successfully synthesized and employed as a semiconductor layer in dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs)fabricated using a low-temperature heat treatment process(120°C).Based on the analyses of the experimental results regarding the structure and those from the characterization of B-TiO_2,and its application to DSSCs,it has been found that the B-TiO_2 material has an effect on electron-hole pair separation.The conversion efficiency of the B-TiO_2 DSSC(BTiO_2-DSSC)was 6.18%,whereas that of the TiO_2-P25 DSSC(P25-DSSC)was 3.61%,and that of the TiO_2 polymorph DSSC(PTiO_2-DSSC)which is the precursor of B-TiO_2 was 4.51%.     

Electrolytes in solid-state dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells

In this paper, the structure and operating principle of the dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells (DSSC) are discussed. The electrolytes can be divided into three types: liquid electrolyte, quasi-solid electrolyte and solid electrolyte. Based on the relevant study of our group, we summarized mainly the research progress of the quasi-solid electrolyte and solid electrolyte in solid-state DSSC.     

Alternate redox electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells

Dye-sensitized mesoscopic solar cell(DSC) has been intensively investigated as a promising photovoltaic cell.Redox electrolyte is important to determine the photovoltaic(PV) performance of the DSC devices,which has become the focus of this topic.In this contribution,recent advances in understanding and controlling of various redox couples are reviewed.Specially,we extend our discussion on the trends that enable iodide-free redox couples to be controllable and feasible for applications in the DSC with promising features.     

高效率CdS/CdSe共敏化Zn_2SnO_4大孔太阳电池研究

以聚苯乙烯(PS)微球为模板,通过水热合成法制备了Zn2SnO4大孔材料。SEM显示其孔径为约200nm,壁厚约70nm,且制备成电极后大孔分布均匀,结构保持完整。然后电沉积法制备了CdS/CdSe共敏化大孔Zn2SnO4电极,EDS mapping显示CdS/CdSe在整个截面分布均匀。以多硫电对为电解液,Pt负载FTO为对电极,组装太阳电池,改变不同CdS沉积电流后,得到最高效率为1.91%。     

染料敏化太阳能电池碳对电极研究进展

综述了染料敏化太阳能电池(dye-sensitized solar cells,DSSC)结构和对电极作用以及近年来染料敏化太阳能电池对电极材料种类及研究进展.重点介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池碳对电极研究进展,包括碳材料性能,碳材料对电极制作工艺和各种性能参数,以及碳对电极与其他材料对电极相比优缺点.最后提出,由于碳对电极导电性能和催化性能良好,光电效率相对较高,且价格低廉,碳材料制备对电极具有广阔发展前景,已成为目前染料敏化太阳能电池重要研究方向.     

掺杂Sb的SnO2基陶瓷导电薄膜的研制

对SnO2陶瓷导电薄膜的特性、导电机理、制备、应用进行了叙述,并且利用喷涂热解工艺制备了SnO2陶瓷导电薄膜,探讨了掺杂剂Sb的掺杂量、喷涂溶液的浓度对SnO2导电薄膜电阻值的影响     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米SnO2

运用溶胶-凝胶法合成前驱物Sn（OH）4胶体，在不同温度下加热分解得到一系列纳米SnO2试样，并用X-射线衍射（XRD）图谱和透射电子显微镜（TEM）表征不同温度下热处理得到试样的结构和形貌，研究了分解温度与产物粒径大小之间的关系以及微晶生长动力学。     

A new improved structure of dye-sensitized solar cells with reflection film

DYE-SENSITIZED NANOCRYSTALLINE SOLAR CELLS (DSSC), RECENTLY DEVELOPED BY MICHAEL GR?TZEL[1], HAVE BEEN ATTRACTING CONSIDERABLE ATTENTIONS BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH EFFICIENCY, SIMPLE FABRICATION PROCESS AND LOW FABRICA- TION COST[2]. TYPICAL DSSC[3] IS BASED ON A SANDWICH STRUCTURE, WHICH CONSISTS OF TWO GLASS PLATES WITH A TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING OXIDE (TCO) COATING AS SUBSTRATE. O…     

Fabrication and characterization of TiO2 -based dye-sensitized solar cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells TiO_2 with were fabricated.The phase composition and microstructures of the solar cells were examined by X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy,and the energy levels of the present solar cells were also discussed.The results show that a solar cell mixed with xylenol orange and rose Bengal shows a higher conversion efficiency compared to solar cells with a single dye.An introduction of amorphous TiO_2 layers results in an improvement of the conversion efficien...     

Fabrication of TiO2 nanoparticles/nanorod composite arrays via a two-step method for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells

Ti O2nanoparticles/nanorod composite arrays were prepared on the F-doped tin oxide(FTO)substrate through a two-step method of hydrothermal and d.c.magnetron sputtering.The microstructure and optical properties of the samples were characterized respectively by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD),field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)and UV–vis spectrometer.The results showed that the Ti O2composite nanorod arrays possess the nature of high surface area for more dye molecule absorption and the strong light scattering effects.The dye sensitized solar cells(DSSCs)based on Ti O2composite nanorod arrays exhibited a 80%improvement in the overall energy conversion efficiency compared with the pure Ti O2nanorod arrays photoanode.     

CuInS2／石墨烯混合物的合成及其在太阳能电池中的应用

在不同的溶剂中通过温和的溶剂热法,成功地合成 CuInS2纳米晶体。这些合成好的 CuInS2粉末被 X光衍射表征后,又作为对电极被组装成染料敏化太阳能电池。通过检测可以发现乙二醇是合成 CuInS2过程中最佳的溶液。这主要表现在用乙二醇合成的 CuInS2作为电池对电极时的转化率可以达到5·49％,这个值要比用其他溶液合成的 CuInS2转化率高。然后,将在乙二醇溶剂中合成的 CuInS2粉末与石墨烯的氧化物混合形成 CuInS2纳米晶体／石墨烯纳米复合材料,这种材料可以提高 CuInS2在染料敏化太阳能电池方面的性能。通过透射电子显微镜法,可以证明 CuInS2生长在石墨烯纳米网中。与传统的铂对电极电池（6·90％）相比,这种纳米复合材料具有相对较好的光电转化率（6·28％）。     

水热合成SnO2 纳米粒子及其电化学性能研究

通过用简单的水热法制备出纯度高的SnO2 纳米粒子. 运用XRD、SEM、TEM等手段对合成产物的结构、形貌和晶相进行了表征,并对SnO2 纳米粒子为负极材料的锂电池性能的进行研究.     

SnO2纳米半导体颗粒的微区电子输运特性

将sol-gel方法制备的SnO2纳米颗粒涂覆在ITO(Indium-Tin-Oxide)导电玻璃上,用原子力显微镜的I-V测试功能测试其微区电特性.结果表明,不同粒度的伏-安特性曲线具有不同的双向阈值电压,随颗粒度的减小,开启电压减小.用表面能带理论分析结果表明,此现象与纳米SnO2颗粒度尺寸效应和氧空位有关.     

SnO_2纳米晶的湿敏特性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备SnO2纳米晶薄膜,并对其进行表征;初步研究SnO2纳米晶薄膜的阻-湿特性并计算其湿滞,得出:SnO2纳米晶薄膜随着晶粒尺寸的减小,其感湿灵敏度有所增大且湿滞变小.     

染料敏化太阳能电池中多孔电极制备及性能

将喷涂法应用于制备染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极,具有浆料制备简单、易操作、成本低廉等优势.本文以钛酸丁酯和P25为原料配制浆料,采用喷涂法制备二氧化钛薄膜,选择乙二醇作为造孔剂,探索了乙二醇的最佳加入量.通过对电池I-V曲线,二氧化钛薄膜表面粗糙度、染料吸附量和漫反射谱,以及光阳极的扫描电镜照片和交流阻抗图谱的分析,得到如下结果:当乙二醇与钛酸丁酯的体积比为1∶1时,二氧化钛薄膜的粗糙度最大,即孔隙率和比表面积最大,因此染料吸附量达到1.47×10-7mol·cm-2,电池性能最好,其中开路电压为0.69 V,短路电流为13.0 m A·cm-2,光电转化效率达到5.38%,比不加造孔剂时增加了将近1倍,此时电子的扩散转移电阻也最小.     

A new type quasi-solid state electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells

Dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 thin film solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted worldwide attention be- cause of their high efficiencies and low cost compared with the conventional silicon solar cells. An impressive conversion efficiency exceeding 10% wa…     

二氧化钛纳米管复合薄膜电极制备及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

采用强碱水热法合成二氧化钛纳米管,并与二氧化钛纳米颗粒混合作为染料敏化太阳能电池电极材料.当纳米管与纳米颗粒按照1:1摩尔比混合时,经过500℃烧结1h后,转化成锐钛矿晶型;平均孔体积0.30 cm3/g,平均孔径11.42 nm,比表面积为105.58 m2/g;电极对染料的吸附量达到4.85×10-8mol/cm2;电池的短路光电流密度8.70 mA/cm2,开路光电压0.76 V,填充因子0.60,光电转化效率3.96%.     

纳米TiO2在太阳能电池中的应用研究新进展

目的 研究纳米TiO2(n-TiO2)在太阳能电池中的应用研究的最新进展状况,为国内太阳能电池的研发与n-TiO2在其中的应用开发提供参考和借鉴.方法 以最新的文献为基础,进行归纳分析,研究其应用研究的新进展.结果 n-TiO2应用于太阳能电池,主要介绍了在染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)和有机光伏太阳能电池(OPV)中的应用研究的一些最新成果.这2种太阳能电池也是新型太阳能电池研究中的2个热点研究对象,太阳能电池作为洁净环境友好的绿色可再生能源,是未来开发与应用研究的重点.结论 n-TiO2在太阳能电池中的的应用,使太阳能电池的光电转化效率大大提高,使用寿命大为延长,但是在商业化批量生产的征途中依然有许多问题有待解决.     

High conversion efficiency of pristine TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanotube arrays based dye-sensitized solar cells

We prepared highly-ordered titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TNAs) by anodizing Ti foils in F-containing electrolytes.The crystalline nature and morphology of the TNAs were studied using X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy.We found the morphology of TNAs affects the light-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).The efficiency of DSSCs reached 5.95% under the condition of light illuminated from the counter electrode.The high efficiency of TNA-based DSSCs was attributed to the neat top surface of TNAs,which allows more dye molecule loading on the surface of the TiO 2 nanotubes,and fewer electron recombination centers and a low interface resistance of integrated TNAs.