非结构化四面体单元用于搅拌设备流场的计算

采用非结构化四面体单元,利用滑移网格技术模拟了搅拌设备内的非定常流场。通过搅拌桨叶端时均速度、功率准数与实验值的对比,量化考察了不同因素对计算精度的影响,指出了建模过程中网格划分和参数设置应遵循的原则,为非结构化四面体单元进一步用于搅拌设备CFD分析提供了可靠的理论依据,从而为基于CFD技术的具有复杂型面的新型搅拌桨的开发打下基础。     

预混燃烧中火焰长度的变化规律研究

 通过采用不同的组合模型进行湍流燃烧数值模拟的研究,筛选出能与实验结果相吻合的模型,给出了适合该模型系统的网格密度。探讨预混燃烧中火焰长度的影响因素,结果表明：要控制火焰长度应全面考虑空气消耗系数的影响。     

Conditional moment closure modeling of a lifted turbulent flame

The problems about reacting turbulent flows are made difficult because the rates of reaction of concern are highly nonlinear functions of reactive scalars. The turbu-lence in the flow engenders mixing of non-uniformities in species and temperature, and the rates of this mixing are usually not fast compared with the rates of reaction. As a consequence, large spatial and temporal fluctuations occur in the scalar quantities and efforts to express average rates of reaction in terms of average valu…     

Influence of rarefaction wave on premixed flame structure and propagation behavior

To explore the influence of rarefaction wave on the structure and propagation behavior of the premixed propane/air flame in a rectangle combustion pipe, the techniques of high speed Schlieren photograph method, pressure measurement and so on are used to study the interaction processes between rarefaction wave and flame. Two cases of rarefaction wave-flame interaction were performed in the experiment. The experimental result shows that both the rarefaction waves can cause the flame transition from laminar to turbulent combustion quickly. The cowflow rarefaction wave decreases the flame speed, while the counterflow rarefaction wave leads the flame propagation speed to increasing on the whole, accompanied with sharp vibration.     

Influence of rarefaction wave on premixed flame structure and propagation behavior

To explore the influence of rarefaction wave on the structure and propagation behavior of the premixed propane/air flame in a rectangle combustion pipe, the techniques of high speed Schlieren photograph method, pressure measurement and so on are used to study the interaction processes between rarefaction wave and flame. Two cases of rarefaction wave-flame interaction were performed in the experiment. The experimental result shows that both the rarefaction waves can cause the flame transition from laminar to turbulent combustion quickly. The cowflow rarefaction wave decreases the flame speed, while the counterflow rarefaction wave leads the flame propagation speed to increasing on the whole, accompanied with sharp vibration.     

LES investigation of swirl intensity effect on unconfined turbulent swirling premixed flame

A finite reaction rate model is presented as a closure of large eddy simulation （LES） to numerically study an open premixed methane/air swirling flame. The resultant model is firstly validated by comparing with reported data and then employed to investigate the effect of swirling intensity on flow field, flame characteristics and combustion instability of the swirling flame. Three differ- ent swirl numbers are considered. The LES results show that as swirling intensity increases, the vortex entrainment and micro-mixing are enhanced, leading to more lean equivalent ratios at flame front; consequently, higher swirling number causes lower flame temperatures and slower CO oxidization; for all simulated swirl numbers, flame fronts are completely located out of the recirculation zones and anchored at the inner surface of the annular swirling steams; swirl number has a crucial effect on swirling flame extension toward radial and tangential dimensions and then significantly affects streamwise flame length, which is a great influencing factor on combustion instability; vortex-induced disturbance on flame in streamwise plays a critical role in combustion instability.     

穿透风对外部燃烧火焰影响的数值模拟

为研究室内火灾的外部燃烧现象,该文应用FDS(fire dynamic simulator)程序,采用大涡模拟(LES)湍流模型,对穿透风对外部燃烧火焰的影响进行了数值模拟研究。计算结果解释了Law的经验公式与Klopovic的实验观测之间的矛盾,并且给出Law经验公式的适用范围。计算结果显示,存在两个穿透风的临界速度当穿透风风速大于第一临界速度时,Law的关于外部燃烧火焰高度的公式定性正确;当穿透风风速大于第二临界速度时,Law的关于外部燃烧火焰长度的公式定性正确;数值计算得到的火焰宽度随风速的变化趋势与Law经验公式的预测结果相反,但与Klopovic的实验观测一致。     

多重射流气相燃烧反应器内三维流场的数值模拟

采用标准的k-ε湍流模型、EDC(涡耗散)燃烧模型和DO(离散坐标)辐射换热模型对多重射流燃烧反应器内的流动及燃烧状况进行了三维全尺寸数值模拟。研究了不同工艺条件下燃烧反应器内温度、速度以及各反应组分的分布状况,考察了燃烧反应器径向温度分布等参数对最终颗粒尺寸、形貌特征的影响规律,并与同工艺条件下实验结果进行了验证,数值模拟与实验结果吻合良好。所建立的数学模型为燃烧反应器结构设计和工艺条件优化提供了依据,同时模拟结果也为纳米颗粒成核生长过程的研究提供理论依据。     

基于大涡模拟的湍流非预混燃烧混合分数概率密度函数

混合分数概率密度函数(probability density function,PDF)反映了湍流对燃料和氧化剂混合过程的影响,在湍流非预混燃烧的理论研究和数值模拟中有非常重要的作用。该文基于大涡模拟(large eddy simulation,LES)对非预混火焰中的混合分数PDF进行了研究。利用LES预测的SandiaFlame D的速度和温度的均值和均方根分布与实验结果符合很好,瞬态温度场显示了合理的湍流火焰形态。混合分数PDF在反应区为钟形分布,在贫燃侧和富燃侧为钟形分布或单调形分布,取决于当地流场状态。对简化PDF模型的研究表明:β函数模型对钟形PDF和单调形PDF的预测效果都很好;截尾Gauss函数模型只能较好地预测钟形分布PDF;多点δ函数模型的预测能力与截尾Gauss函数模型的预测能力类似;双δ函数模型的预测结果偏差较大。     

预混气体在多孔介质中燃烧火焰面倾斜的演变

为研究多孔介质中火焰面倾斜演变及出现倾斜演变的原因,建立了二维碳化硅堆积小球的多孔介质燃烧器双温模型,对预混气体在燃烧器内的流动、传热和燃烧进行模拟.分析火焰面倾斜演变,并从温度场、气体流速场、压力场三个方面对火焰面出现倾斜演变现象进行分析.结果表明:给定初始倾斜角的火焰面会持续发展,出现更严重的倾斜现象;温度场、气体流速场、动压场通过影响燃烧化学反应速度、气体流动方向、壁面散热等间接影响火焰面的倾斜演变,导致火焰面倾斜的持续发展.     

火焰聚心和激波聚焦诱导爆震波

对几种不同结构形式的爆震发生器进行了数值模拟,来研究激波聚焦和火焰聚心现象、气动特性及其机理。数值计算采用多组分理想气体详细的化学反应机理、二维轴对称非定常流动Navier-Stokes方程来模拟流体动力学和化学动力学过程。数值计算发现用较低的点火能量对射流火焰燃烧器中可燃混合物点火,层流火焰在狭窄管壁作用下加速,射流火焰在轴线上汇聚过程,有利于激波的加强。强激波加速火焰,在多重激波与火焰反复作用下,激波和火焰面之间出现热点,热点迅速放大并形成压力很高的过驱爆震波,而后衰减为稳定的爆震波,不同的激波聚焦腔爆震波的形成过程不同。对数值计算的结果分析得出了起爆距离和稳定爆震距离,为进一步试验提供参考。     

对流项二次迎风插值格式在非结构化网格中的应用

在有限容积法的基础上发展了非结构化网格的对流项二次迎风插值（QUICK）格式．详细推导了扩散项采用格林函数法、对流项采用改进的QUICK格式的离散方程，对顶盖驱动流和圆柱绕流问题进行了计算，讨论了不同Re下计算的准确性和格式的收敛性，并与高精度结构化网格计算结果进行对比分析．结果表明，该格式的临界网格Peclet数为8／3左右，与中心差分相比较，该格式的计算精度与其相当，对流稳定性好，收敛速度高．同等条件下较结构化网格对复杂区域的模拟更接近实际测量结果，是一种对复杂区域计算有应用前景的对流格式．     

结构化与非结构化网格中的导热计算

用基元有限容积方法求解热传导问题,同时采用结构化网格和非结构化网格,并和精确解相比较.虽然从两种网格形式,都能得到满意的结果,但结构化网格较三角形非结构化网格在规则区域更精确一些.为了提高非结构化网格的精度,二次扩散项是十分重要的.     

结构块域贴体坐标网格的数字生成

本文在单一矩形变换域巾体坐标网格生成方法的基础上，提出了结构块域贴体坐标网格数字生成方法，很好地解决了复杂几何形状，以及复杂拓扑结构的物理域变换问题，也为计算流体力学实施并行算法提供基础。     

氧浓度对斯特林发动机燃用不同燃料时燃烧火焰特征的影响

利用高速摄影技术,研究了以乙醇为燃料时斯特林发动机引射气流中氧浓度对燃烧的火焰长度、色度、燃烧速度以及燃烧稳定性等的影响.结果表明：在引射空气时,随着氧气浓度的提高,火焰的稳定性及火焰传播速度提高,燃烧火焰长度变短,火焰变得更明亮,且柴油火焰亮度比乙醇大;在有引射气流的作用下,氧浓度对燃烧特征参数的影响较小.

     

球形容器泄爆收容的实验分析

为研究气体爆炸泄爆收容过程中爆炸容器和收容容器内的压力变化规律及其影响因素,对球形容器在不同收容容器和爆炸容器体积比以及不同导管长度条件下的泄爆收容过程经行了实验研究。结果表明：收容容器体积越大,爆炸容器的压力峰值越小,爆炸压力下降的速度越快;收容容器的体积达到或超过爆炸容器体积的5倍时,接近敞开泄爆的压力峰值;泄爆导管的长度越长,爆炸容器的压力峰值越小;收容泄爆时,火焰的传播速率随着导管传播距离增加而降低,泄爆口处火焰传播速率最高。     

Experimental study on interference effect of rarefaction wave on laminar propagating flame

In order to study the interference effect of rarefaction wave on the laminar flame propagating structure and pressure characteristics of methane-air mixture, a small scale combustion chamber has been built. The techniques of high speed Schlieren photograph, pressure measurement and so on, are used to study the influence of rarefaction wave on the laminar flame propagating through methane-air mixture. The results show that, after the rarefaction wave acts on the propagation laminar flame, the laminar combustion is fully transformed into turbulent combustion just during several milliseconds, which leads to a sharp increase in the burning surface area and the pressure rise rate.     

Microstructure of premixed propane/air flame in the transition from laminar to turbulent combustion

In order to explore the flame structure and propagation behavior of premixed propane/air in the transi-tion from laminar to turbulent combustion, the high speed camera and Schlieren images methods were used to record the photograph of flame propagation process in a semi-vented pipe. Meanwhile, the super-thin thermocouple and ionization current probe methods were applied to detect the temperature distribution and reaction intensity of combustion reaction. The characteristics of propane/air flame propagation and microstructure were analyzed in detail by the experimental results coupled with chemical reaction thermodynamics. In the test, the particular tulip flame behavior and the formation process in the laminar-turbulent transition were disclosed clearly. From the Schlieren images and iron current results, one conclusion can be drawn that the small-scale turbulent combustion also appeared in laminar flame, which made little influence on the flame shape, but increased the flame thickness obviously.     

计算流动显示研究及应用

基于光学成像原理，计算流动显示技术可以将数值计算的结果转换成类似于实验照片的图像。该文采用结构网格对基于非结构网格的流场信息进行重构，得到相应的纹影图、阴影图以及干涉图。将结果和实验照片比较，来验证先前基于非结构网格的流动计算的正确性。结果表明：结合本文的数值光学图像与实验照片，可以对复杂流场进行更加系统深入的研究。     

两种亚网格湍流模型的旋流扩散火焰大涡模拟

为研究旋流火焰结构,采用二阶矩亚网格(SOM-SGS)燃烧模型及Smagorinsky-Lilly和K方程亚网格湍流模型,对美国Sandia国家实验室测量的旋流火焰进行了大涡模拟,得到了与燃烧场速度、温度和温度脉动实测值相吻合的模拟结果。预报的瞬时温度分布云图与实际火焰的形状很相似。K方程亚网格湍流模型预报的瞬时温度分布比Smagorinsky-Lilly模型的预报结果更接近实际。燃烧火焰基本上位于回流区所在的位置,火焰在回流区被稳定。