Mineralogical and geochemical features of sulfide chimneys from the 49°39′E hydrothermal field on the Southwest Indian Ridge and their geological inferences

During January–May in 2007,the Chinese research cruise DY115-19 discovered an active hydrothermal field at 49°39′E/37°47′S on the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR).This was also the first active hydrothermal field found along an ultraslow-spreading ridge.We analyzed mineralogical,textural and geochemical compositions of the sulfide chimneys obtained from the 49°39′E field.Chimney samples show a concentric mineral zone around the fluid channel.The mineral assemblages of the interiors consist ...     

现代海底多金属硫化物矿床

海底多金属硫化物矿床是热液活动的产物 ,主要分布在东太平洋海隆、西太平洋构造活动带、西南太平洋以及大西洋中脊 ,其产出构造背景为洋中脊、弧后扩张中心及地幔热点处。该文系统地总结了现代海底多金属硫化物矿床产出的地质背景特点 ,对各地质环境中矿化的规律进行了对比 ,并对其形成机制等热点问题作了概述 ,详细介绍了矿床成因方面的新进展 ,着重阐述了海底多金属矿床的双扩散对流模式。     

Characteristics of the Distribution and Control Factors of Polymetallic Nodules in the West Region of CCFZ （China Pioneer Area）

The tectonic setting of the west region of the Reserved Area of the International Seabed Authority is the same as that of China Pioneer Area. They have similar characteristics of topography and nodule distribution. To research and analyse the characteristics and control factors of nodule distribution can help the establishment of a geological model and the assessment of the polymetallic nodule resource. From the year of 1991 till 2000 COMRA (China Ocean Mineral Resource Research and Development Association) carried out phase 1 and 2 of the exploration and resource assessment project of polymetallic nodules in China Pioneer Area. The features of topography and geology, and the distribution of polymetallic nodules and control factors have been clearly understood. The results show that the formation and types and spatial features of abundance and grade of nodules resulted from several factors, the tectonic features (volcanism and faulting)and seafloor topography play an important role in the geological process of the formation of polymetallic nodules.     

Pure CO2 fluids in the Sarekoubu gold deposit at southern margin of Altai Mountains in Xinjiang, West China

Sarekoubu gold deposit occurs in metamorphosed acid volcanic rocks and volcaniclastic rocks of Devonian Kangbutiebao Formation along the southern margin of Altai Mountains in Xinjiang, West China. Pyritization, silicification and carbonatization are developed in wallrocks, and main gold mineralization stages are pyrite-quartz stage (Ⅱ)and polymetallic sulfide stage (Ⅲ). Primary fluid inclusions are often seen in main gold mineralization stages, which are almost pure CO2 liquid inclusions (Lco2) under room temperature with high densities of 0.85--1.07 g/cm^3. CO2-rich inclusions (Lco2-LH2O) and H2O-rich inclusions (LH2O-LCo2)are subordinate. Fluid inclusions in stage Ⅰ (polymetallic sulfide stage) are more complex than in stage Ⅱ, containing CO2-CH4 system with -78.1-61.9℃ of solid CO2 melting temperatures and -33.7-17.7℃ of partial homogenization temperatures. The trapping pressures of high densities are estimated to be 150-350 MPa. Laser Raman microprobe was used to confirm the composition of pure CO2 liquid inclusions. δ^13C values of CO2 inclusions range from -10.73‰ to -21.15‰, which are similar to some of fluids in the mantle-derived minerals that contain surface organic carbon by subduction recycling. These characteristics differ from many hydrothermal gold deposits. CO2 fluids have a regional source related to post-collisional orogeny.     

In situ Re-Os isotope ages of sulfides in Hannuoba peridotitic xenoliths： Significance for the frequently-occurring mantle events beneath the North China Block

In situ Re-Os isotopes of sulfides in peridotitic xenoliths from Cenozoic Hannuoba basalts were analyzed by LAM-MC-ICPMS. The suifides developed two types of occurrences including silicate-enclosed and interstitial. In the enclosed sulfides, 187Os/188Os vary from 0.1124 to 0.1362 and 187Re/188Os from 0.0026 to 1.8027. In the interstitial ones, 187Os/188Os have a range from 0.1174 to 0.1354 and 187Re/188Os from 0.0365 to 1.4469. The oldest age, calculated by TRD for the enclosed sulfides, is 2.1 Ga. An isochron age of 2.3±1.2 Ga is obtained by five grains of enclosed sulfides and primitive mantle. The sulfides used have lower Re-Os isotopic ratio than primitive mantle. Meanwhile, an isochron age of 645±225 Ma is given by all in- terstitial sulfides and the enclosed sulfides with higher Re-Os isotopic ratio due to Re addition after man- tle formation. In addition, the model age of 1.3 Ga recorded by one interstitial sulfide, having similar TDM and TRD, should be meaningful to deep thermal event. The coexistence of different ages, revealed by in situ Re-Os isotope, indicates frequently-occurring mantle events beneath Hannuoba area.     

新疆黄土坡块状硫化物矿床航空瞬变电磁异常特征分析

作为先进的地球物理勘探技术,航空瞬变电磁法在国外多金属矿产勘查中应用效果显著,尤其是在块状硫化物矿勘查中。该类型矿产在国内分布较为广泛,主要勘查手段为地面物化探方法,但面临周期长,受地形影响大等问题。为此,国内引进航空瞬变电磁法,并首次在黄土坡矿床开展测量试验,结果表明矿床上方具有航电异常显示,低阻体空间上与主矿体吻合较好,并在主矿体南侧新发现一处航电异常,为该矿床深边部找矿提供线索。国内首次开展的航空瞬变电磁法测量试验找矿效果分析,为国内多金属矿产勘查,尤其是块状硫化物矿的找矿工作提供了方法技术借鉴。     

Synthesis and pervaporation performance of high-reproducibility silicalite-1 membranes

High-reproducibility silicalite-1 membranes were synthesized on silica tubes by in-situ hydrothermal synthesis, and the relative standard deviation （R.S.D.） of average separation factor for eight membranes was only 7.5%. By using an effective method called ＂solution-filling （SF）＂, the average flux of membranes prepared with SF method was improved by about 49% compared to membranes prepared without SF method, and the highest flux of membrane prepared with SF method towards ethanol/H2O mixture at 80℃ was 1.49 kg/（m^2·h）. Pervaporation experiments showed that the fluxes of silicalite-1 membranes at 60℃ were 2.63, 0.87, 0.24, and 0.20 kg/（m^2·h） towards methanol/H2O, ethanol/H=O, 2-propanol/H2O, and 1-propanol/H2O mixtures, respectively, and the corresponding separation factors were 22, 69, 81, and 159, respectively.     

青海省东莫扎抓铅锌矿床成矿期和成矿阶段分析

通过对青海省东莫扎抓铅锌矿床的黄铁矿δ34S与方铅矿的δ34S值、矿物生成顺序及C、O同位素特征进行研究,结果表明:东莫扎抓铅锌矿床可分为海底热液喷流沉积期、热液期、火山热液叠加改造期及表生期等4个成矿期;铅锌矿成矿阶段可分为5个阶段,分别为白云石化阶段、重晶石化阶段、多金属硫化物阶段、方解石化阶段及粘土化阶段;成矿流体中的碳主要来自围岩,从成矿早期到成矿后期大气降水的参与逐步增多。在多期区域构造作用的背景下,东莫扎抓呈现多期次多阶段叠加成矿的特点。     

河北兴隆中元古代硫化物黑烟囱金矿化的发现及其意义

现代海底黑烟囱具有金矿化的潜力,对于重新认识陆上硫化物的金成矿具有重要意义。本文对河北兴隆中元古代黑烟囱及烟囱内部金矿化进行了系统的研究,提供了喷流作用与金矿化关系的直接证据,矿石微区金最高含量达4560 μg/g。碳酸盐、石英和闪锌矿中流体包裹体的均一温度集中在100～200 ℃之间,代表黑烟囱形成的温度下限,也限定了金沉淀富集的温度范围,烟囱不同矿物和不同结构黄铁矿中含金量存在明显差异,金主要富集于后期形成的自形-半自形黄铁矿中,初步推测该区硫化物中金矿化发生于喷流作用后期,热液在烟囱及丘体内部持续活动,促进金的富集。     

长白山地区幔源捕虏体的硫化物相及其演化

长白山地区新生代玄武岩的一些层位广布地幔岩捕虏体,在其橄榄石、辉石等矿物内发现有较多的硫化物相,按产出特征可鉴别出3种类型,即早期硫化物颗粒、硫化物包裹体和裂隙中硫化物。硫化物包裹体可以单相硫化物、硫化物－硅酸盐熔体、CO2－硫化物－硅酸盐熔体形式存在。早期硫化物颗粒以磁黄铁矿为主,并发现有方黄铜矿;硫化物包裹体以镍黄铁矿为主,并有黄铜矿、硫铜铁矿出现;裂隙中硫化物均为镍黄铁矿,并具有比硫化物包裹体高的Ni/Fe和（Fe Ni)／S值。地幔岩中存在自早期硫化物颗粒、硫化物包裹体至裂隙硫化物,Ni/Fe和（Fe Ni)/S比值逐渐增加的规律。这种演化不仅受温度和压力制约,而且受Ni,Fe,Cu的地球化学特性和硫逸度的控制。     

新疆大红柳滩地区俘虏沟花岗伟晶岩成矿特征

西昆仑?喀喇昆仑位于特提斯构造域北缘,该地区通过多年的基础地质调查和找矿勘查,已发现多处铁矿、铅锌矿、锰矿矿床。通过详细野外地质调查在新疆喀刺昆仑和田县俘虏沟地区发现一处中型锂铷稀有金属矿床。该矿床属于花岗伟晶岩型,脉体倾向北东30°-50°或西南204°-240°,倾角39°-78°,矿体规模最大者宽约7-8m,北西-南东向延伸1.2Km。Li2O平均品位1.1%~3.3%,Rb2O平均伴生品位为0.04%~0.12%,估算资源量(334)Li2O为8.68万吨,Rb2O为1698.58吨,达到中型锂铷多金属矿床规模。俘虏沟地区中型锂铷多金属矿床的发现,表明在该区域具有形成稀有金属矿产的潜力。     

中国大陆干热岩地热资源潜力评估

 地热资源是一种极具竞争力的清洁可再生能源,按其成因和产出条件可分为水热型和干热岩型,其中,干热岩型地热资源以其分布的普遍性和高热储温度而更具开发潜力与前景。干热岩地热资源潜力评估是干热岩开发的基础工作。本文基于大量热流数据,编制了新版中国大陆地区热流图。进而依据岩石热物性数据库,计算评价了中国大陆地区干热岩地热资源。评价方法主要采用体积法,文中详细介绍了评价方法中各参数选取的原则与数据来源。计算结果表明,中国大陆(3—10km深度)干热岩地热资源总量为20.9×10⁶EJ,合714.9×10¹²t标准煤。若按2%的可开采资源量计算,是传统水热型地热资源量的168倍,相当于中国2010年能源消耗总量的4400倍。但是,囿于干热岩开发的经济性和现有技术条件,近期应着眼于4—7km深度段干热岩地热资源的开发,热储目标温度是150—250℃,干热岩开发的有利靶区包括藏南地区、云南西部(腾冲)、东南沿海(浙闽粤)、华北(渤海湾盆地)、鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘的汾渭地堑、东北(松辽盆地)等地区。最后,指出了现阶段干热岩研究的主要任务。     

衡阳盆地北缘盐田桥铜多金属矿床成矿地质特征及找矿方向

盐田桥铜多金属矿床位于湘东金银铜铅锌成矿带,区内北东向隆起带活动强烈,岩浆活动频繁,成矿地质条件十分优越。区域性长寿—衡阳—观音阁断裂带是区内主要控矿构造,它既是导矿构造,又是容矿构造,矿体全部分布于硅化构造角砾岩带膨胀部位内。目前地表已发现1条铅矿体,深部探获20条铜盲矿体、8条铅盲矿体和34条钨盲矿体,矿体呈脉状、似层状产出,其中主矿体Cu1具中间向西南、西北侧伏20°特征。根据区内控矿条件、成矿规律及矿体侧伏特征的综合分析,结合近几年勘查成果,提出了该区下一步找矿方向主要在中深部及32号勘探线往西南方向矿体侧伏方向。     

Hydrothermal plume anomalies along the Central Indian Ridge

Water column turbidity and temperature were investigated along the Central Indian Ridge （CIR） from 25°19＇S to 23°48＇S during a December 2005 cruise on board Chinese PJV DayangYihao. Measurements were made using NOAA＇s MAPR （Miniature Autonomous Plume Recorder） sensors during CTD casts, TV grabber operations, and tow-yo profiles, yielding the following results on hydrothermal plume anomalies： （1） Strong hydrothermal turbidity and temperature anomalies were recorded over the previously discovered Kairei （25°19.2＇S, 70°02.4＇E） and Edmond （23°52.7＇S, 69°35.8＇E） vent fields, with the plume anomalies concentrated at depths of 2150--2300 m and 2700--2900 m, respectively. The maximum height of the turbidity anomalies near the Kairei vent field recorded in December 2005 was slightly below 2100 m, which is consistent with the plume depth measured in June 2001, indicating that the Kairei plume may have maintained its buoyancy flux in the intervening 4.5 years. （2） The water column beneath the Kairei plume has background anomalies of about 0.005ANTU, whereas no such background turbidity anomalies were observed below the Edmond hydrothermal plume. （3） No visible turbidity anomalies were detected from 24°42＇S to 24°12＇S including the Knorr Seamount. Thus 24°12＇S marks the southern end of the hydrothermal plume. （4） Significant turbidity anomalies were observed at four individual sections from 24°12＇S to 23°56＇S at the depth of 2500--3000 m along the eastern rift valley wall. Whether the individual sections of anomalies are connected is still unknown due to the absence of data at the intervening gaps. If the four sections are connected with each other and are linked to the Edmond vent field farther to the north, the total along-axis length of the plume anomaly would be more than 37 km, implying a plume incidence value Ph of 0.38, greater than the predicted Ph of 0.21 --0.25 based on the spreading rate of the Central Indian Ridge.     

Re-Os isotopes and PGE geochemistry of black shales and intercalated Ni-Mo polymetallic sulfide bed from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, South China

The paleo oceanenvironmentalchangeduringthePrecambrian Cambriantransitionisakeyissuere latedtothecausesforanexplosiveradiationofdiffer entmetazoanphyladuringtheEarlyCambrianera .Thechemicalandisotopiccompositionsofmarinesed iments (carbonates ,phosphorites ,siliceousrocks ,andblackshales)recordthechangingcompositionandphysicalconditionsoftheseawaterinwhichtheserocksaccumulated .Organiccarbon richblackshalesfrommarineenvironmentsarecommonlyenrichedinanumberoftraceelementssuchasNi,Mo ,V ,Co ,…     

南海海底矿物资源开发前景

随着陆地矿产资源的不断使用变少,海底矿物资源将成为社会经济发展和现代化建设的优质接替资源。为实现海洋强国战略,加快南海海底矿物资源的开发利用,亟需对海底的矿物资源重新评价。本文综合分析多年地质调查数据和近年来的重要研究进展,结合近年来载人潜器和ROV调查成果,梳理了南海海底矿物资源研究现状,研究南海海域锰结核、富钴结壳、多金属硫化物、富稀土沉积物、砂矿等类型资源的矿物特征和分布规律,评价多类型矿物的成矿远景,并总结分析南海海底矿物资源开发中可能存在的问题,以指导我国南海海底矿物资源潜力研究和满足勘探开发前景分析的迫切需求,并为南海海底矿物资源的开发和决策提供依据。     

河南栾川中鱼库矽卡岩矿物学特征及地质意义

河南栾川中鱼库硫锌多金属矿床是近年来发现的矽卡岩型硫锌多金属矿床,为进一步探讨其成矿机制,本文以矽卡岩矿物为研究对象,开展了野外观察、岩矿鉴定和电子探针分析综合研究。研究表明,矿床成矿阶段可细分为早矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段(晚矽卡岩阶段)、石英-硫化物阶段、石英-碳酸盐阶段。该矿床矽卡岩为交代成因的钙矽卡岩,石榴子石以钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石系列为主,辉石以透辉石-钙铁辉石系列为主,帘石主要为绿帘石,角闪石为钙角闪石,绿泥石为铁镁绿泥石。石榴子石、辉石端元组分特征显示矽卡岩阶段成矿流体经历了从酸性到碱性、从还原到氧化的转变。随着流体演变,从退化蚀变阶段到石英-硫化物阶段,成岩成矿环境逐渐从氧化环境过渡到还原环境。石英-硫化物阶段是成矿主阶段,在此阶段金属硫化物大量富集和沉淀。     

反相纸色谱法研究几种烷基-苯基硫醚在HCl介质中的萃取和分离性能

合成了甲基-苯基硫醚,正丙基-苯基硫醚,正丁基-苯基硫醚和正庚基-苯基硫醚。确定了合成产物的组成和结构。用反相纸色谱法考察了四种硫醚在HCl介质中对30余种金属离子的萃取能力。并分别以四种硫醚为固定相对Au~Ⅲ(pd~Ⅱ)-pt~Ⅳ;Au~Ⅲ(pd~Ⅱ)-Os~Ⅳ(Pt~Ⅳ)-Ru~Ⅲ(Rh~Ⅲ);Pd~Ⅱ-Au~Ⅲ-Os~Ⅳ(Pt~Ⅳ)-Ru~Ⅲ(Rh~Ⅲ)等人工混合试液进行了纸上分离。     

The genesis of H2S in the Weiyuan Gas Field, Sichuan Basin and its evidence

The Sinian Dengying Formation gas pool in Weiyuan is the oldest large-scale sulfur-bearing gas field in China, which has a H2S content ranging from 0.8% to 1.4%. The Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation gas pool discovered recently above the Dengying Formation contains gas geochemical behaviors similar to those of Dengying Formation but different in sulfur isotopes of H2S. Investigations show that though these two Sinian and Cambrian gas pools are separate ones, they share the same Cambrian source rock. The higher dry coefficient, heavier carbon isotopes, sulfur isotopes of sulfide, lower filling of gas pools, formation water characteristics, reservoir properties and H2S distribution, indicate that H2S in both the Sinian and Cambrian gas pools originates from TSR. The sulfur isotopes of sulfates have shown that H2S was formed in respective pools, namely hydrocarbons charged into the pools reacted with the Dengying Formation and the Xixiangchi Formation gypsum （TSR）, respectively, to form H2S. Compared with sulfur isotopes of sulfates in each pool, δ^34S values of H2S are 8‰ lighter for the Dengying Formation pool and 12‰ lighter for the Xixiangchi Formation pool, respectively, which is attributed to the difference in temperatures of TSR occurrence. The reservoir temperature of the Xixiangchi Formation pool is about 40℃ lower than that of the Dengying Formation pool. Temperature plays a controlling role in both the sulfur isotopic fractionation and amounts of H2S generation during TSR.     

广西大厂层控锡石—硫化物多金属矿床的地质特征及形成机制探讨

作者们经过几年来对大厂锡石—硫化物多金属矿床的详细观察和系统研究表明,大厂锡石—硫化物多金属矿床具有明显的层控特征:(1)主要矿体受中上泥盆统地层控制,并呈层状,可以与地层同步挠曲;(2)矿体内保留有典型的沉积成因的结构构造;(3)层状矿中黄铁矿内的Co/Ni比值小于1;(4)矿区及邻区的含矿层位内发现有火山物质存在。主要来自燕山晚期花岗岩的含锡热液受早期沉积(火山沉积)作用所形成的层状硫化物的“地球化学障”作用的控制而沉淀成矿。因此,大厂锑石—硫化物多金属矿床是另一种意义的沉积—(花岗岩)热液迭加改造型矿床。