烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

产品质量的定量综合评估方法

提出产品质量定量化综合评估的一种方法———模糊综合评判法 .文中介绍了这种方法的有关概念与基本原理 ;为了应用方便 ,特别提出了确定评价向量的一种简单方法 ,提出了确定权系数的UFD法 ,提出了在模糊子集中定义序关系的二次加权法 .这些方法可直接用于实际工作中     

关于不等式几种常见证明方法的探究

不等式的证明方法灵活多样,技巧性较强．通过对比较法、综合法、分析法、放缩法、反证法、函数法、积分法几种较为常见方法的阐述,为证明不等式提供了一些借鉴．     

等波纹线性相位FIR滤波器的1种设计方法

介绍了一种用Remez函数设计等波纹线性相位FIR滤波器的设计方法,并利用MATLAB强大的功能进行仿真。仿真结果表明,设计结果的各项性能指标均达到较高的要求,并且证明该方法是一种优化的设计方法。在同样的技术指标下,用这种方法设计得到的滤波器要比窗函数法和频率采样法得到的滤波器的长度均要小,而且设计过程简单易行。     

不同集卵法对绵羊胃肠道线虫卵孵育的影响

用费勒鹏氏法、50%蔗糖水漂浮法和雌虫挤破法收集绵羊胃肠道线虫卵,在相同的条件下分别用消毒粪汁进行培养,以观察虫卵的孵育情况。结果表明:虫卵的孵化率和第三期幼虫育成率以雌虫挤破法收集的虫卵最高,分别为94.5%和67.0%;消毒粪汁法的第三期幼虫育成率明显高于粪便捣碎直接培养法(P<0.01)。     

锶镁搀杂的镓酸镧基固体电解质粉末制备方法的研究

制备锶镁掺杂的镓酸镧基固体电解质的湿化学法主要包括柠檬酸-硝酸盐合成法、溶胶-凝胶法、丙烯酰胺凝胶法及甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧法等;文章简要阐述了湿化学法制备锶镁掺杂的镓酸镧基固体电解质粉末的工艺流程、制备粉体性能及优缺点;并用X射线衍射对溶胶-凝胶法、甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧法制备的粉体相组成进行了研究,结果表明甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧法制备的粉体,具有较高的纯度。     

优化提取工艺对龙胆中两种苦苷提取率的影响

考察不同提取方法对龙胆中龙胆苦苷和獐牙菜苦苷提取率的影响.采用高液相色谱分析法,比较甲醇超声提取、甲醇冷浸提取、水煎煮提取、乙醇渗漉提取四种样品制备方法对龙胆苦苷和獐牙菜苦苷提取率的影响.其中乙醇渗漉提取法对两种成分提取效率高;同时确定了最佳渗漉条件.该提取方法操作简便易行,提取效率高,可用于药材龙胆及其制剂的质量分析.     

线性滴定中稳定常数测定方法比较

比较一计算稳定常数的各种方法：Ｇｏｒｄｅｎ法，Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ法，生成函数回归法，曲线模拟法，直接计算法和Ｓｃｈｗａｒｚｅｎｂａｃｈ法。分别验证了它们对单元酸，多元酸，混合酸等不同体系的实用性，获得了各种方法的最佳适用体系：Ｇｏｒｄｅｎ法适用于混合酸体系；Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ法适用于多元酸体系；生成函数回归法适用于交错中和体系；直接法适用于单元酸和未知体系。     

纳米铝的应用及其制备方法研究进展

介绍了纳米铝的应用及其制备方法。纳米铝主要应用于火箭推进剂、火炸药添加剂和太阳能电池板的铝背场。制备纳米铝的方法主要有蒸发冷凝法、线爆炸法、机械化学法、脉冲激光剥蚀法、电弧放电法和溶液化学法等。虽然纳米铝在应用方面具有很重要的价值,可是目前的制备方法成本昂贵、产量小,制约着纳米铝应用方面的发展。因此,发展新型的低成本、产量大的纳米铝制备方法具有极其重要的意义。     

正项级数收敛性的又一新判别法

近年来,关于正项级数收敛性判别法又有一些新的研究,其中主要是得到了一些关于收敛性的新判别法以及对有关判别法的强弱进行了讨论.本文建立了正项级数收敛性的又一个新判别法,它适用判别与级数∑∞n=21n(lnn)s敛散速度相当的正项级数的敛散性,因而新判别法比传统的Raabe判别法等更为精细.此外,通过与Gauss判别法进行比较,得出了新判别法强于Gauss判别法的结论.     

一个求解非线性最小二乘问题的新方法

在Gauss-Newton(G-N)方法和Levenbery-Marquardt(L-M)方法(阻尼最小二乘法)的基础上给出了一种新的求解非线性最小二乘问题的方法，它是通过寻求新的非线性方程组的数值方法来实现的，首先给出了不用计算导数的求解非线性方程组的收敛迭代方法，该方法是建立在求解动力系统的稳定点的基础上，采用了较稳定的常微分方程初值问题的数值方法进行迭代求解，并采用Steffensen加速技术以提高收敛速度，最后，给出了用Matlab试算的数值例子、试验结果表明了该方法的有效性。