液态排渣燃烧室的冷态试验研究

本文叙述了液态排渣燃煤燃烧室冷态试验的研究方法和某些结果。根据模化理论设计并建造了几种不同形状的燃烧室冷态试验模型。模型中的气流速度用五孔球形探针测量。根据测点数据,计算了轴向、切向和径向速度分量以及流函数,给出了模型的流场分布图。在流场测试的基础上,计算了煤粉粒子运动轨迹,并进行了冷态粒子着膜试验。结果表明,冷态试验是研究和改进燃烧室的一种经济、简便而且行之有效的方法。     

燃烧室流场的LDV测量及其数值计算

采用激光多谱勒测速仪对小流量发动机短环直流燃烧室的流场进行测试，并且在三维任意曲线坐标系下对该燃烧室流场进行了数值模拟。通过试验结果和计算结果的对比可以看出，两者在燃烧室出口符合较好，表明流场计算程序是可靠的，为了全面地反映燃烧室中的真实流动状况，对燃烧室和旋流器的流场进行整体计算。     

大型磁流体—蒸汽动力联合循环效率的计算

本文介绍了以重油和煤为燃料的大型磁流体—蒸汽发电联合循环效率的计算结果,分析了燃煤和燃重油磁流体发电的差异,并与国外有关计算进行了比较,指出用预热空气为氧化剂的百万瓩级MHD—蒸汽发电联合循环效率均可达50％以上。强调燃煤磁流体发电是大幅度提高煤利用效率的一条现实途径。     

注蒸汽燃气轮机燃烧室内部流场特性的三维数值模拟

介绍了适于注蒸汽燃气轮机（ＳＴＩＧ）燃烧室流场模拟的大湿度燃烧计算模型,对三维流场计算的数值方法及特殊处理进行了说明,并采用有关文献中的实验数据对燃烧计算程序进行校验,最后对某实验用注蒸汽燃烧室的内部流场进行数值模拟,计算结果表明,文中采用的数学模型及计算程序是可信的,大湿度燃烧室流场的三维模拟可更贴近实际地描述燃烧室内部各物理量,尤其是水蒸汽质量分数的分布情况,壁面射入的蒸汽流使中心回流区及高温     

联焰稳流器对驻涡燃烧室性能的影响分析

为考察联焰稳流器对驻涡燃烧室的流场和性能的影响,应用高端数字样机系统进行了设计和数值计算。在典型驻涡燃烧室三维模型上添加了联焰稳流器,分析了2个燃烧室模型在不同进口马赫数条件下的冷态流场结构和总压损失。选取进口马赫数为0.2的工况,对2个模型的燃烧流场进行对比,分析了联焰稳流器对燃烧室性能的影响。结果表明:驻涡燃烧室的NOx排放低于普通构型燃烧室;添加联焰稳流器后,驻涡区能更好地实现与主流区的物质交换,避免因主流速度过快,切断驻涡区与主流区的能量传递;燃烧效率从97%提高至99%,出口温度分布系数从0.92降为0.49;2个模型各冷态工况的总压损失也分别增加2%~12%。     

微型环形燃烧室数值模拟及优化设计

为了优化微型环形燃烧室的设计方案,利用流体分析软件Fluent,采用RNGk-ε双方程湍流模型分别对两个微型环形燃烧室的内部流场进行了三维的冷态数值模拟,得出了它们的内部流场分布。两个模型分别是采用了航空发动机大型燃烧室设计理论及公式设计而成的燃烧室模型,和已经在实际中成功应用的国外某型微型涡喷发动机燃烧室模型。该文分析两个模型各燃区内计算流场的差异,确定了满足设计性能要求的目标流场,并对原有设计参数进行局部调整,使其流场组织向目标流场靠近。通过此方法,确定了燃烧室优化后的设计参数。     

燃气轮机燃烧室流场的数值计算与实验研究

本文阐述了以 SIMPLE 算法为基础的燃气轮机燃烧室流场的数值计算方法,对一实例燃烧室作了计算并与冷态实验进行对比。结果表明:回流区的主要尺寸两者数值相当吻合;轴向与切向速度分布规律也是接近的,只是在数值上略有差别。本计算方法在预测燃烧室流场上具有一定的实用价值。     

H2O/CO2污染对煤油燃料超声速燃烧影响数值研究

在纯净空气与H₂O/ CO₂污染空气来流对比试验结果基础上,采用数值计算方法和化学动力学方法,研究了H₂O和CO₂污染组分对煤油燃料超声速燃烧的影响,获得了试验手段难以得到的燃烧室流场参数和性能数据。完成了相应的煤油燃料超声速燃烧室二维数值计算,其中匹配了进口总温、总压、马赫数、氧气摩尔分数和工作当量油气比。将数值计算结果与相应试验测量值进行了对比分析,并结合燃烧室流场数据、性能参数分析了H₂O和CO₂污染的动力学影响、以及对燃烧室性能的影响。研究表明:(1)数值计算结果与实验测量值总体上吻合,两种手段均体现了纯净空气来流时不同煤油当量油气比的燃烧室性能,并反映了一致的“污染效应”影响趋势；(2) H₂O污染、H₂O+ CO₂污染的存在降低了煤油燃料超声速燃烧室性能,体现在燃烧诱导压升、燃烧效率、流向冲量增量的下降,而且随着污染组分含量的增加,燃烧室性能下降越加显著。      

磁流体发电通道参数和结构设计

在建立磁流体发电通道数学模型的基础上,利用磁流体发电通道一维程序进行分析计算,在燃烧室热力状态确定的情况下,讨论了发电通道入口参数的选择,合理选择了通道入口参数.经过计算分析选用等马赫数来设计发电通道的结构,计算出通道的型线,采用分段逼近的方法拟合出分段法拉第直线型通道,取得20 8%的焓取出率.     

燃煤磁流体发电研究的现状与前景

扼要介绍了开展燃煤磁流体发电研究的各主要国家的研究现状,和燃煤磁流体发电装置的各主要部件研究的进展。根据已经取得的研究结果,对这项技术的实用化进程,提出了展望。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.