Microstructure and properties of mullite-based porous ceramics produced from coal fly ash with added Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>

Using coal fly ash slurry samples supplemented with different amounts of Al₂O₃, we fabricated mullite-based porous ceramics via a dipping-polymer-replica approach, which is a popular method suitable for industrial application. The microstructure, phase composition, and compressive strength of the sintered samples were investigated. Mullite was identified in all of the prepared materials by X-ray diffraction analysis. The microstructure and compressive strength were strongly influenced by the content of Al₂O₃. As the Al/Si mole ratio in the starting materials was increased from 0.84 to 2.40, the amount of amorphous phases in the sintered microstructure decreased and the compressive strength of the sintered samples increased. A further increase in the Al₂O₃ content resulted in a decrease in the compressive strength of the sintered samples. The mullite-based porous ceramic with an Al/Si molar ratio of 2.40 exhibited the highest compressive strength and the greatest shrinkage among the investigated samples prepared using coal fly ash as the main starting material.     

Replacement of alkali silicate solution with silica fume in metakaolin-based geopolymers

A metakaolin(Mk)-based geopolymer cement from Tunisian Mk mixed with different amounts of silica fume(SiO_2/Al_2O_3 molar ratio varying between 3.61 and 4.09) and sodium hydroxide(10M) and without any alkali silicate solution, is developed in this work. After the samples were cured at room temperature under air for 28 d, they were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, ~(27)Al and ~(29)Si nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy, and compression testing to establish the relationship between microstructure and compressive strength. The XRD, FTIR, and ~(27)Al and ~(29)Si NMR analyses showed that the use of silica fume instead of alkali silicate solutions was feasible for manufacturing geopolymer cement. The Mk-based geopolymer with a silica fume content of 6 wt%(compared with those with 2% and 10%), corresponding to an SiO_2/Al_2O_3 molar ratio of 3.84, resulted in the highest compressive strength, which was explained on the basis of its high compactness with the smallest porosity. Silica fume improved the compressive strength by filling interstitial voids of the microstructure because of its fine particle size. In addition, an increase in the SiO_2/Al_2O_3 molar ratio, which is controlled by the addition of silica fume, to 4.09 led to a geopolymer with low compressive strength, accompanied by microstructures with high porosity. This high porosity, which is responsible for weaknesses in the specimen, is related to the amount of unreacted silica fume.     

碱激发不同活性粉煤灰地质聚合物的研究

对不同粉磨时间的粉煤灰进行活性Al与活性Si的测定,其溶出量随机械粉磨时间的延长而增加.平均颗粒直径为10.36μm的粉煤灰在激发剂作用下合成28d抗压强度为82.16MPa的地质聚合物.采用XRD和SEM分析手段对地质聚合物的结构和形貌进行了表征,XRD和SEM结果表明,地质聚合物的抗压强度与无定形的硅铝酸盐凝胶相的存在及粉煤灰的颗粒级配密切相关.     

碳还原粉煤灰制备SiC/Al2 O3系复合材料

在氩气气氛下,以粉煤灰为原料,石墨为还原剂,研究碳还原粉煤灰制备SiC/Al2 O3系复合材料的反应过程,并探索其制备的工艺条件.利用X射线衍射分析还原产物的物相变化规律,使用扫描电镜和能谱仪观察复合材料的微观结构.结果表明：在1673 K粉煤灰中石英相与碳反应生碳化硅,1773 K莫来石相基本分解完全.随着反应温度的升高,生成碳化硅和氧化铝含量增加,较合适的温度条件为1773~1873 K;保温时间的延长,有利于碳化硅和氧化铝的生成,较好的保温时间为3~4 h;增加配碳量对碳化硅和氧化铝的生成有促进作用,较合适的C/Si摩尔比为4~5.在制备出的SiC/Al2 O3复合材料中碳化硅在产物中分散较为均匀,并且粒度小于20μm.     

钙硅氧化物的质量比对10%Al2 O3高炉渣--尾矿--粉煤灰微晶玻璃性能的影响

利用高炉渣、尾矿和粉煤灰各自成分特点,在未添加任何晶核剂和其他化学试剂条件下,使用烧结法制得了不同CaO/SiO2质量比的10%Al2 O3(质量分数)矿渣微晶玻璃.通过差热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等分析手段,分析了CaO/SiO2质量比和析晶温度对高炉渣-尾矿-粉煤灰微晶玻璃样品的晶相变化规律、析晶行为和主要力学性能的影响.随着CaO/SiO2质量比增大,析晶活化能不断减小,Si-O四面体连接强度下降,质点移动加强,各组开始析晶温度和晶化温度逐渐减小.当玻璃样品中钙硅氧化物的质量比为0.4时,分别在886℃和982℃形核、析晶保温1 h 后,可以得到抗折强度103.59 MPa、显微硬度5.3 GPa、耐酸性0.25%(质量损失率)、耐碱性小于0.1%,主晶相为透辉石的最佳力学性能的微晶玻璃样品.     

粉煤灰基矿物聚合材料的抗压强度和微观结构

以粉煤灰为硅铝原料,钠水玻璃为激发剂,在80℃下干燥养护6 h制备了矿物聚合材料。研究了钠水玻璃固相组成对试件抗压强度的影响,并通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、27Al和29Si魔角自旋核磁共振方法分析了最优试件的物相组成、微观形貌和微观结构。结果表明,模数为1.5、Na2O掺量为10%(质量分数)的钠水玻璃激发粉煤灰制得的试件抗压强度约为18 MPa;SEM分析表明凝胶由纳米级颗粒组成,颗粒之间相互连接形成致密的空间网络;XRD和MAS-NMR分析表明矿物聚合材料具有一定的无定形状态,漫射峰对应的衍射角在25°～35°范围内,Al主要以四配位的AlQ4(4Si)结构单元存在,Si主要以Q4(2Al)和Q4(3Al)结构单元存在。     

添加Al_2O_3对95W-Ni-Fe合金微观组织与力学性能的影响

针对钨合金作为预制破片战斗部穿甲后的易碎性,研究了添加不同粒径Al2O3对95W合金微观组织与性能的影响.结果表明,随着添加的Al2O3粒径的减小,钨合金中钨颗粒的平均直径尺寸减小 获得的新型95W合金的静态抗拉强度和延伸率均低于传统95W合金,并且新型95W合金的强度和延伸率随着添加Al2O3初始粉末粒径的降低而增加 添加Al2O3初始粉末粒径的减小增大了新型95W合金的抗压强度 新型钨合金由于Al2O3的存在引发了大量初始裂纹并在承受冲击载荷时导致应力集中,微裂纹迅速连结并扩展后形成裂纹.     

Si3N4的结构状态对放电等离子烧结制备Sialon陶瓷的影响

以纳米非晶-Si3N4、微米α-Si3N4、微米AlN、纳米Al2O3和纳米Y2O3为初始原料,采用放电等离子烧结工艺制备了Sialon陶瓷。通过调整配方中Si3N4对应原料的种类,研究了不同结构的Si3N4对合成Sialon陶瓷的影响。通过XRD和SEM对试样的物相和显微结构进行了表征,同时测试了试样的体积密度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性和维氏硬度。实验结果表明,配方中的Si3N4全部采用α-Si3N4,经SPS烧结后可获得α/β-Sialon陶瓷,当用纳米非晶-Si3N4逐步替换α-Si3N4时,所合成的Sialon陶瓷中的α-Sialon晶相的相对含量减少;当全部采用纳米非晶-Si3N4时,则试样中仅含有β-Sialon相。     

热活化污泥—高钙粉煤灰复合地聚合物的性能与机理研究

研究采用水玻璃激发的高钙粉煤灰和热活化污泥制备复合地聚合物的可行性,并讨论制备的复合地聚合物的性能与机理.结果表明:经900℃焙烧1h的污泥(<45μm)以10%质量分数的掺量取代高钙粉煤灰后研制成的地聚合物具有较好的抗压强度;在复合地聚合物体系中,无定形地聚合物凝胶包裹在球状粉煤灰颗粒周围,有类沸石矿物生成,出现Al—O/Si—O对称伸缩峰及Si—O—Si/Si—O—Al弯曲振动峰.这一研究可以丰富地聚合物原材料的选择,有助于含硅铝相和含钙工业废弃物的资源化利用.     

铝对自保护药芯焊丝焊缝组织及力学性能的影响

通过光谱分析、Luzex.F图像分析、扫描电镜、能谱分析、力学性能试验等手段,研究了高铝BaF2渣系自保护药芯焊丝焊缝中的Al含量对焊缝中夹杂物、微观组织和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:随焊缝中的Al含量增高,焊缝夹杂物平均尺寸增大;焊缝中的夹杂物以AlN和Al2O3为主,在低Al焊缝中以Al2O3为主的夹杂物较多,而在高Al焊缝中AlN夹杂较多;Al含量的不同会引起焊缝微观组织的改变,以Al2O3为主的夹杂物能够诱导焊缝中针状铁素体形核,而AlN夹杂会引起焊缝组织粗大;焊缝中Al含量增加使焊缝的强度增高而韧性下降.     

复相α/β-Sialon的合成及其烧结研究

通过-αSialon原料中加入Si,Al,Al2O3,在流动N2气氛中烧结,生成复相α/-βSialon材料.运用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜分别对不同烧结温度试样的晶型、微观形貌进行了表征.主要探讨了不同的烧结温度对试样的耐压强度和体积密度的影响.结果表明:1 500℃材料烧结时,能制备出致密、耐压强度高的复相α/-βSialon材料.     

掺粉煤灰混凝土强度劣化试验研究

为研究掺粉煤灰混凝土的抗压强度劣化规律,以碎石、水泥、粉煤灰、中砂与自来水为原材料,制备掺粉煤灰混凝土试件。在碳化与干湿循环等环境作用下,利用万能压力试验机,展开试件强度劣化试验。试验结果表明：粉煤灰掺量未超过30%(包含30%)时,试件抗压强度未出现劣化现象;粉煤灰掺量超过30%时,粉煤灰掺量越多,试件抗压强度劣化程度越大。龄期延长,各试件抗压强度均有所提升;增加粉煤灰掺量,会提升试件劈拉强度的劣化程度;延长龄期,会减缓试件劈拉强度的劣化速度。增加水胶比含量,导致试件劈拉、抗压强度劣化程度提升;碳化作用下,试件抗压及劈拉强度有所提升,碳化时间为13 d时,试件抗压及劈拉强度达到峰值;干湿循环作用下,试件的抗压及劈拉强度均会出现劣化情况,粉煤灰掺量为30%时,试件的抗压及劈拉强度均值相对较高。     

Effect of chemical admixtures on properties of high-calcium fly ash geopolymer

Owing to the high viscosity of sodium silicate solution, fly ash geopolymer has the problems of low workability and rapid setting time. Therefore, the effect of chemical admixtures on the properties of fly ash geopolymer was studied to overcome the rapid set of the geopolymer in this paper. High-calcium fly ash and alkaline solution were used as starting materials to synthesize the geopolymer. Calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, sodium sulfate, and sucrose at dosages of 1wt% and 2wt% of fly ash were selected as admixtures based on concrete knowledge to improve the properties of the geopolymer. The setting time, compressive strength, and degree of reaction were recorded, and the microstructure was examined. The results show that calcium chloride significantly shortens both the initial and final setting times of the geopolymer paste. In addition, sucrose also delays the final setting time significantly. The degrees of reaction of fly ash in the geopolymer paste with the admixtures are all higher than those of the control paste. This contributes to the obvious increases in compressive strength.     

利用粉煤灰制备轻质多孔陶粒工艺研究

以粉煤灰为主要原料,高岭土、生石灰和玻璃粉为辅助原料,采用微波发泡法制备了水处理用多孔陶粒.研究了不同配方和不同烧结温度等对陶粒气孔率、强度等性能的影响,得到了制造高气孔率的多孔陶粒的最佳工艺条件.在最佳工艺条件下所制得的多孔陶粒的显气孔率为60%,闭气孔率为10%,抗压强度为9.5 MPa.     

Effect of Al_2O_(3sf) addition on the friction and wear properties of(SiC_p+Al_2O_(3sf))/Al2024 composites fabricated by pressure infiltration

Aluminum(Al) 2024 matrix composites reinforced with alumina short fibers(Al_2O_(3sf)) and silicon carbide particles(SiC_p) as wear-resistant materials were prepared by pressure infiltration in this study. Further, the effect of Al_2O_(3sf) on the friction and wear properties of the as-synthesized composites was systematically investigated, and the relationship between volume fraction and wear mechanism was discussed. The results showed that the addition of Al_2O_(3sf), characterized by the ratio of Al_2O_(3sf) to SiC_p, significantly affected the properties of the composites and resulted in changes in wear mechanisms. When the volume ratio of Al_2O_(3sf) to SiC_p was increased from 0 to 1, the rate of wear mass loss(K_m) and coefficients of friction(COFs) of the composites decreased, and the wear mechanisms were abrasive wear and furrow wear. When the volume ratio was increased from 1 to 3, the COF decreased continuously; however, the K_m increased rapidly and the wear mechanism became adhesive wear.     

烧结粉煤灰多孔砖砌体力学性能研究

多孔砖砌体具有节约土地资源、保温隔热的作用,它已成为砌体结构的主要材料。对烧结粉煤灰多孔砖砌体的抗压强度和抗剪强度的试验结果进行了分析。试验表明,烧结粉煤灰多孔砖砌体的抗压强度和抗剪强度都能很好的满足国家规范要求;并且得到了合理的弹性模量。不仅证明了烧结粉煤灰多孔砖是一种十分理想的建筑材料,也为烧结粉煤灰多孔砖的推广建立了基础。     

Effect of SiO2/Na2O mole ratio on the properties of foam geopolymers fabricated from circulating fluidized bed fly ash

Geopolymers are three-dimensional aluminosilicates formed in a short time at low temperature by geopolymerization. In this pa-per, alkali-activated foam geopolymers were fabricated from circulating fluidized bed fly ash （CFA）, and the effect of SiO2/Na2O mole ratio （0.91-1.68） on their properties was studied. Geopolymerization products were characterized by mechanical testing, scanning electron mi-croscopy （SEM）, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results show that SiO2/Na2O mole ratio plays an important role in the mechanical and morphological characteristics of geopolymers. Foam samples prepared in 28 d with a SiO2/Na2O mole ratio of 1.42 exhibit the greatest compressive strength of 2.52 MPa. Morphological analysis reveals that these foam geo-polymers appear the relatively optimized pore structure and distribution, which are beneficial to the structure stability. Moreover, a combina-tion of the Si/Al atomic ratio ranging between 1.47 and 1.94 with the Na/Al atomic ratio of about 1 produces the samples with high strength.     

煤矸石混凝土耐久性的正交试验研究

为了开辟煤矸石在建筑大宗材料中的应用空间及拓展煤矸石"变废为宝"的新思路、新途径,以煤矸石替代碎石、粉煤灰,矿渣替代水泥配制煤矸石混凝土,采用正交试验法和综合平衡法得出了煤矸石混凝土的最佳配合比,分析了煤矸石混凝土的抗压强度及其经硫酸盐侵蚀后的强度损失、弹性模量及其经冻融后的损失量,最后对煤矸石混凝土进行了微观结构分析。试验结果表明:煤矸石混凝土经过硫酸盐侵蚀后强度影响不是太大。该成果突破了传统的煤矸石活化方法研究煤矸石,对其在道路工程、排水工程等方面的利用具有一定的参考价值。     

矸石电厂粉煤灰的活化及环保应用

研究了物理活化、化学活化及联合活化(物理活化+化学活化)技术对矸石电厂粉煤灰-水泥胶砂试样不同龄期抗压、抗折强度的影响,结合不同活化方式28 d净浆试样的扫描电镜分析,揭示了矸石电厂粉煤灰的活化机理.研究结果表明,化学活化能够较大幅度提高矸石电厂粉煤灰的活化效果,成本低廉,适用于煤炭企业的充填与支护,有利于降低充填成本.对于矸石电厂粉煤灰的活化技术从优到劣的顺序为:联合活化＞化学活化＞物理活化.研究成果对于循环经济与环境保护具有重要意义.     

单掺Ⅱ级粉煤灰高性能混凝土研究

为了探究粉煤灰混凝土的工作性和抗压强度,本文采用粉煤灰等质量替代水泥配制高性能混凝土,经过试验发现：粉煤灰混凝土的表观密度小,流动性大。水胶比、掺量和龄期都是影响抗压强度的显著因素。Ⅱ级粉煤灰中活性成分和的微观结构大多又为非晶体结构和水在一起时会发生水化反应,生成水化硅酸钙（C-S-H）和水化铝酸钙（CAH）水化产物,填充水泥石孔隙,促进凝结硬化和增强胶结作用。