Novel concept of recycling sludge and dust to BOF converter through dispersedin-situ phase induced by composite ball explosive reaction

Recycling of iron and steelmaking dusts is a key issue in environmental protection efforts and to ensure efficient utilization. In this investigation, we developed a novel recovery process that uses a dispersedin-situ phase induced by an explosive reaction of composite balls of iron and steelmaking dusts. We designed and prepared composite balls for this function using a laboratory model batch-type balling disc (at 12 r/min) and optimized the feeding modes in 180-t and 260-t basic oxygen furnace (BOF) converters. The results indicate that feeding composite balls into BOF converters is an effective novel technology for recovering iron and steelmaking dusts. The period after hot metal charging and prior to the oxygen-blowing process is the most reasonable time to feed composite balls. Composite ball treatment is not appro-priate for steel production with sulfur requirements lower than 80 ppm. The maximum composite ball feeding amount is 40 kg/t and the iron yield rate is better than 95%. Compared with the conventional recycling process of sludge and dust, this novel technology is more convenient and efficient, saving up to 309 RMB per ton of steel. Further investigation of this novel recycling technology is merited.     

Novel concept of recycling sludge and dust to BOF converter through dispersed <Emphasis Type="Italic">in-situ</Emphasis> phase induced by composite ball explosive reaction

Recycling of iron and steelmaking dusts is a key issue in environmental protection efforts and to ensure efficient utilization. In this investigation, we developed a novel recovery process that uses a dispersed in-situ phase induced by an explosive reaction of composite balls of iron and steelmaking dusts. We designed and prepared composite balls for this function using a laboratory model batch-type balling disc (at 12 r/min) and optimized the feeding modes in 180-t and 260-t basic oxygen furnace (BOF) converters. The results indicate that feeding composite balls into BOF converters is an effective novel technology for recovering iron and steelmaking dusts. The period after hot metal charging and prior to the oxygen-blowing process is the most reasonable time to feed composite balls. Composite ball treatment is not appropriate for steel production with sulfur requirements lower than 80 ppm. The maximum composite ball feeding amount is 40 kg/t and the iron yield rate is better than 95%. Compared with the conventional recycling process of sludge and dust, this novel technology is more convenient and efficient, saving up to 309 RMB per ton of steel. Further investigation of this novel recycling technology is merited.     

基于粗糙集的转炉炼钢知识发现模型

针对转炉炼钢知识发现的特点,采用粗糙集理论进行分析,应用数据清洗、标准化及离散等方式对转炉炼钢生产数据进行预处理,以炼钢生产的主要影响因素作为知识发现的条件属性,以转炉冶炼终点控制目标作为知识发现的决策属性,建立了基于粗糙集方法的转炉炼钢知识发现模型,实现转炉炼钢生产知识的自动发现、获取和规则提取。以转炉冶炼终点钢水温度的变化规律做为知识发现的决策属性,采用210 t转炉炼钢实际生产数据进行模型的应用测试,结果表明提取出的铁水硅含量、铁矿石质量、氧气消耗量等影响因素对转炉冶炼钢水终点温度存在重要影响,且模型提取出的转炉炼钢终点钢水温度知识规则与现行转炉炼钢现场的变化规律一致,证明基于粗糙集方法的转炉炼钢知识发现模型的有效性。     

低碱度脱磷渣在转炉少渣冶炼中的作用

以SGRS工艺为基础,研究了低碱度脱磷渣在转炉少渣冶炼中的作用.根据少渣冶炼物料平衡原理,脱磷阶段结束炉渣碱度控制越低,相当于转炉回收利用的Ca O量越多,能够实现的钢液去Si量也越多.同时实验结果表明,随着脱磷渣碱度的降低,炉渣的熔化性能逐渐改善,带来脱磷阶段结束转炉倒渣量不断增加以及脱磷渣金属铁含量不断降低的有益效果.当脱磷渣碱度在1.2~1.8范围时,脱磷渣半球点温度基本控制在1 380℃以内,脱磷渣中的游离Ca O质量分数控制在0.7%左右的较低水平,同时转炉脱磷阶段结束转炉倒渣量基本可控制在8 t(210 t转炉)或5 t(100 t转炉)以上.     

基于图像技术的钢球精确计数与尺寸识别系统

为解决轴承钢球生产过程中,人工称重计数不准确,容易造成球面擦伤、混球等问题,提出了基于图像技术的钢球精确计数与尺寸识别系统。该系统采用CCD( Charge Coupled Device) 工业相机连续拍摄计数盘中钢球的图像以计算钢球的数量,并识别钢球的尺寸。整个系统由进料通道、预计数盘、精确计数盘、CCD 工业相机、单球补偿装置和计算机等组成。首先,钢球通过进料通道滚动至预计数盘,并且在预计数盘上呈单层排列。预计数盘的面积根据钢球的尺寸和数量可以调整,通过面积调整使预计数盘中的钢球数量小于等于所需要的钢球数量。预计数之后钢球进入精确计数盘,通过精确计数盘上方的CCD 相机采集钢球图像,经过图像二值化处理及双灰度阈值算法精确计算钢球数量。根据精确计数的钢球数量与预定数的差值,采用单球补偿 装置进行补偿,以准确获得钢球的预定数量。通过在划定的区域内进行相邻钢球的球心距离对比识别异常尺寸的钢球。经过样机试验证明,所设计的钢球自动计数与尺寸识别系统,可以覆盖直径为4． 763 ～ 25． 4 mm 的钢球计数,其计数准确率和尺寸识别混球判断率均达到100%。     

炼钢厂系统生产模式优化

根据冶金过程工程理论,针对钢铁制造过程系统中制造过程最为复杂的炼钢厂系统的生产模式优化问题进行探讨,阐述了生产模式在炼钢厂系统运行过程中的地位及其逻辑关系,并结合四个国内高效连铸工厂实际进行了研究,论述了生产模式优化的三个效用:(1)车间平面布置趋向合理、简洁;(2)工序缓冲趋向合理、有效;(3)工序运行趋向高效、优化.此外,上述研究结果已经拓展到特殊钢流程的运行优化与控制研究中,并取得有益的效果.     

转炉炼钢厂工序产能和品种钢铸机配置

以邢钢转炉炼钢厂生产运行研究为基础,从物质量基本参数角度,对转炉、LF、连铸机三者的工序产能进行匹配分析和综合研究.运用OPT技术分析得出连铸机是原流程协调运行的"瓶颈",通过对提升连铸机生产能力的三种方法的分析,提出将连铸机由4流增加至5流是适合邢钢工艺的最佳工序产能匹配方案.最后,对中小吨位转炉流程的转炉、LF和连铸机匹配模式进行探讨,认为三者"一一对应"匹配模式是可行的.     

A process model for BOF process based on bath mixing degree

The process model for BOF process can be applied to predict the liquid steel composition and bath temperature during the whole steelmaking process. On the basis of the traditional three-stage decarburization theory, the concept of mixing degree was put forward, which was used to indicate the effect of oxygen jet on decarburization. Furthermore, a more practical process model for BOF steelmaking was developed by analyzing the effect of silicon, manganese, oxygen injection rate, oxygen lance height, and bath temperature on decarburization. Process verification and end-point verification for the process model have been carried out, and the verification results show that the prediction accuracy of carbon content reaches 82.6% (the range of carbon content at the end-point is less than 0.1wt%) and 85.7% (the range of carbon content at end-point is 0.1wt%–0.7wt%) when the absolute error is less than 0.02wt% and 0.05wt%, respectively.     

钢铁厂含铁尘泥合理利用途径的研究

概略介绍生泥综合利用的研究结果。含铁尘泥合理利用途径主要取决于尘泥的物化性质。对于铁品位低,Zn,Pb等有害杂质含量不高的含碳尘泥,造成小球加入烧结配料的小球烧结法是一条经济有效的途径。含Zn,Pb等有害元素较高的尘泥,生产高炉用还原球团是一条较彻底的尘泥利用途径。对于高铁品位尘泥可用于生产高金属化率直接还原铁(DRI)作为废钢代用品,这不仅可有效回收高品位尘泥,同时可缓解废钢短缺,是一经济效益较高的途径。     

钢铁行业工序能耗分析及节能发展方向探讨

基于钢铁行业各工序平均能耗以及钢铁行业原燃料结构,对钢铁行业焦化、烧结、炼铁、炼钢、轧钢等工序的原燃料结构、能耗特点和节能技术进行了分析,在此基础上对钢铁行业节能发展的重点进行了讨论,并针对炼铁工序焦比、煤气利用率、二次能源回收等重点环节的发展方向进行了探讨,对于钢铁行业的节能降耗有着较大的实际意义。     

转炉炼钢计算机控制系统

采用控制技术、检测技术和计算机技术研制出适用于中小型钢厂的转炉计算机控制系统 .该系统在实际应用中已取得较好的效果     

基于一类GA-RBF神经网络的转炉炼钢静态模型控制

讨论了具有非线性、大时滞、不确定特性的工况复杂的转炉炼钢过程建模与控制问题.针对传统的控制方法控制效果差、精度不高,难以达到期望结果的问题,结合RBF神经网络的特点,提出用基于混合编码方式的混合遗传算法训练的RBF神经网络,同时优化网络的结构和参数,并利用RBF神经网络建立转炉炼钢静态模型.仿真结果表明,该模型具有在线调整和学习的功能,比传统模型具有更好的计算精度和适应能力,为提高转炉冶炼过程的控制精度给出了一个有效的方法.     

Cleaning IF molten steel with dispersed in-situ heterophases induced by the composite sphere explosive reaction in RH ladles

A novel fine inclusion removal technology was put forward with dispersed in-situ heterophases induced by the composite sphere explosive reaction. A composite sphere with this function was designed and prepared using a laboratory scale batch-type balling disc (at 12 r/min), and the composite sphere was fed at the end of the RH refining process. The results indicate that inclusions in the IF molten steel can be removed effectively by feeding composite spheres in RH ladle. Compared with conventional inclusion removal technology, using this novel technology, the amount of oxide inclusions can be decreased to a lower level and the inclusion size becomes finer, the total oxygen content in the as-cast slab can approach 5×10?6, and the cost per ton of steel produced can be reduced by 5-12 Yuan RMB.     

基于膜算法进化极限学习机的氧气转炉炼钢终点预报模型

氧气转炉炼钢的控制目标是终点温度和碳含量,但由于不能对其进行在线连续测量,直接影响了出钢的质量.针对该问题,提出一种基于膜算法进化极限学习机(ELM)的抗干扰终点预报模型.利用进化膜算法的全局寻优能力调整ELM网络参数,不仅避免了ELM网络受异常点影响出现过拟合现象,还可以寻找最优复杂度的ELM模型.将找到的ELM模型应用到转炉炼钢领域并建立终点碳含量和温度的预报模型.在仿真实验中,分别使用含有高斯噪声的标准sin C函数和氧气转炉炼钢实际生产数据进行仿真,结果表明所提模型在含噪声的数据中具有较好的预报精度和鲁棒性.     

典型流程区段炼铁炼钢界面的比较优势研究

运用系统科学还原论和整体论的研究方法,从时间、温度、流量、生产组织、铁水预处理效果、能耗、环境污染等方面分析了六种典型流程区段炼铁炼钢界面技术特点.可以看出六种不同流程区段炼铁炼钢界面各自的比较优势,铁水预处理"三脱"只适合大高炉-大转炉流程区段,其中含转炉脱磷技术的流程更具有优势.指出取消混铁炉、采用铁水包功能多样化和"一包到底"是高炉-转炉界面发展的方向.     

钢铁冶金过程的可视化与仿真

Steel production involves the transfer and transformation of material and energy at different levels, structures, and scales, and this process incurs substantial information in the material and energy dimensions. Given the black-box feature of iron and steel production processes, process visualization plays an important role and inevitably benefits parameter correction, technical support decision-making, personnel training, and other aspects of the steel metallurgy industry. The technological characteristics of the entire process in the steel industry were analyzed in this study, a visualization technology route based on virtual reality (VR) was built, and the important components of visual simulation system for steel industry and the important technical points needed to realize the system were proposed. On the foundation, a visual simulation model for the process scheduling of the iron and steel enterprise raw materials’ field, slab, and hot rolling processes was built, and a visualization simulation platform of the iron and steel metallurgy plant-wide process, including ironmaking, steelmaking, hot rolling, and cold rolling, was developed. Lastly, the effectiveness of platform was illustrated by practical application.     

Visualization and simulation of steel metallurgy processes

Steel production involves the transfer and transformation of material and energy at different levels, structures, and scales, and this process incurs substantial information in the material and energy dimensions. Given the black-box feature of iron and steel production processes, process visualization plays an important role and inevitably benefits parameter correction, technical support decision-making, personnel training, and other aspects of the steel metallurgy industry. The technological characteristics of the entire process in the steel industry were analyzed in this study, a visualization technology route based on virtual reality(VR) was built, and the important components of visual simulation system for steel industry and the important technical points needed to realize the system were proposed. On the foundation, a visual simulation model for the process scheduling of the iron and steel enterprise raw materials' field, slab, and hot rolling processes was built, and a visualization simulation platform of the iron and steel metallurgy plant-wide process, including ironmaking, steelmaking, hot rolling, and cold rolling, was developed. Lastly, the effectiveness of platform was illustrated by practical application.     

Cleaning IF molten steel with dispersed <Emphasis Type="Italic">in-situ</Emphasis> heterophases induced by the composite sphere explosive reaction in RH ladles

A novel fine inclusion removal technology was put forward with dispersed in-situ heterophases induced by the composite sphere explosive reaction. A composite sphere with this function was designed and prepared using a laboratory scale batch-type balling disc (at 12 r/min), and the composite sphere was fed at the end of the RH refining process. The results indicate that inclusions in the IF molten steel can be removed effectively by feeding composite spheres in RH ladle. Compared with conventional inclusion removal technology, using this novel technology, the amount of oxide inclusions can be decreased to a lower level and the inclusion size becomes finer, the total oxygen content in the as-cast slab can approach 5×10⁻⁶, and the cost per ton of steel produced can be reduced by 5–12 Yuan RMB.     

磨矿介质对典型硅酸盐矿物浮选的影响及机理

研究在湿式磨矿条件下,十二胺和油酸钠作为捕收剂时,锆球和铁球作为磨矿介质对典型硅酸盐矿物浮选的影响。通过对矿物表面动电位和X射线光电子能谱检测,分析磨矿介质对硅酸盐矿物浮选影响的机理。研究表明：十二胺作为捕收剂,低于最佳浮选pH值时,锆球湿磨锆英石、绿柱石、锂辉石和石英的浮选回收率均高于铁球湿磨,pH值继续升高,锆球湿磨和铁球湿磨这四种硅酸盐矿物的浮选回收率相近；在pH值2~12范围内,锆球湿磨和铁球湿磨长石的浮选回收率相近；油酸钠作为捕收剂,相同pH值条件下,锆球湿磨锆英石、绿柱石、锂辉石、长石和石英的浮选回收率大多低于铁球湿磨。检测结果表明：锆球湿磨时,低于最佳浮选pH值条件下,锆英石、绿柱石、锂辉石和石英表面电位低于铁球湿磨,因而十二胺作为捕收剂时这四种矿物的浮选回收率高于铁球湿磨；铁球湿磨时,油酸钠作为捕收剂,锆英石、绿柱石、锂辉石、长石和石英表面Fe含量明显增加,对这五种矿物起到活化作用,因而浮选回收率高于锆球湿磨。     

基于钢包运行稳定性的炼钢厂生产计划优化

针对炼钢厂在不满负荷生产的情况下,缺少相应指导原则编排生产计划的问题,提出一种基于钢包运行稳定性的生产计划优化方法.首先,通过对炼钢厂钢包周转过程的分析,提出在线运行钢包个数的计算方法.然后,分别针对单台铸机和两台铸机顺序开浇的两种情况,分析生产计划对钢包运行状态的影响,建立计算模型.以某炼钢厂生产计划为例进行解析,并以钢包运行稳定性为评价参数,利用遗传算法对生产计划进行优化.结果表明,优化的生产计划可以减少钢包使用个数及其温度波动,减少烘烤煤气消耗量和降低转炉出钢温度,提高钢水温度的控制水平.