金翅雀的繁殖生态

2005年3月-7月对南充市金翅雀的繁殖生态进行了研究.结果表明:金翅雀3月开始繁殖;雌雄共同筑巢,营巢期4-5d;窝卵数:3.67±0.58(n=3),孵化率63.64%;雌孵卵,孵卵期12-13d,孵卵期间食物由雄鸟提供;双亲共同育雏,育雏期14-15d.雏鸟生长曲线呈“S”型.     

红腹角雉（Tragopan temminckii）的孵卵和育雏行为研究

于2005年4-7月、2006年3-7月,采用焦点动物取样法和所有事件取样法对四川老君山自然保护区红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii)的孵卵和育雏行为进行了研究.对3个孵化期内的树上巢分别观察16、5和9 d,记录到典型行为8种.观察的时段包括孵卵中期、孵卵后期和巢内育雏期.孵卵中、后期以出雏前7 d为界,中、后期之间的行为频次和累计时间均存在明显差异.Spearman秩相关检验显示翻卵日频次和日翻卵时间与观察时间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01).离巢时间和平均气温存在极显著正相关(P<0.01).孵卵期间日离巢0～2次,通常在上午和傍晚离巢,离巢平均时间(27.6 ± 4.4) min (n=29).离巢率孵化中期为4.86%,孵化后期为5.37%.雏鸟在巢期间为(3754.5±42.5) min (n=2),此期雌鸟不离巢,行为复杂.     

断翅圈养白枕鹤的繁殖

断翅白枕鹤通过选定配偶、隔离圈养，于１９８６年在无锡市锡惠公园动物园繁殖成功，至今已形成较大种群，并初步掌握了白枕鹤的繁殖规律．配对多年的白枕鹤繁殖季节逐年提早，二月底即可产卵．亲鹤自孵自育情况下，年产１窝，窝卵数为２枚，产卵间隔日为２～３ｄ，孵卵期为２８～３０ｄ．采取人工孵化或人工育雏的方法可缩短窝间隔时间，年产２～３窝，甚至４窝．人工孵化的关键是温度控制，人工育雏的关键是雏舍温度、卫生，雏鹤开食，饲料质量，日食量和疾病防治．     

山斑鸠Streptopelia orientalis在西藏拉萨市郊的繁殖生态

山斑鸠在拉萨地区是一种夏候鸟,每年的4月初开始迁入拉萨。它们在人工林、沙棘林和高山灌丛营巢和夜宿,以林间空地、农田、河滩以及荒地为主要的取食地。巢置于较高的树木或郁闭度大的树上,4月底开始筑巢,营巢期一般为6-8d左右;巢平均大小为21.85(16-27)cm×3.07(2-4)cm,离地高为350(200-527)cm,巢重为54.3g(52-64)。5月初产卵,日产一枚,平均窝卵数为2枚(21巢),卵平均重量为10.36g(8.5-12),平均大小为33.27(27-37)×22.6(23-26)mm。孵化期为16-17d,13巢的统计平均孵化率仅为60%。育雏期为16-18d,离巢率为56%。雌雄鸟均参加孵卵和育雏。人为干扰和不良的天气是影响巢成功率的主要因子。     

山斑鸠Streptopelia orientalis在西藏拉萨市郊的繁殖生态

山斑鸠在拉萨地区是一种夏候鸟,每年的4月初开始迁入拉萨。它们在人工林、沙棘林和高山灌丛营巢和夜宿,以林间空地、农田、河滩以及荒地为主要的取食地。巢置于较高的树木或郁闭度大的树上,4月底开始筑巢,营巢期一般为6-8d左右;巢平均大小为21.85(16-27)cm×3.07(2-4)cm,离地高为350(200-527)cm,巢重为54.3g(52-64)。5月初产卵,日产一枚,平均窝卵数为2枚(21巢),卵平均重量为10.36g(8.5-12),平均大小为33.27(27-37)×22.6(23-26)mm。孵化期为16-17d,13巢的统计平均孵化率仅为60%。育雏期为16-18d,离巢率为56%。雌雄鸟均参加孵卵和育雏。人为干扰和不良的天气是影响巢成功率的主要因子。     

红耳鹎生态学的初步研究

本研究于1984——1991年间在广西的贺县,南宁、隆林等地进行。作者对红耳鹎在金钟山北坡四种林型中的分布数量作了调查,夏季在桂西金种山北坡的四种林型中,红耳鹎的分布数量以河谷农田稀树灌丛林最高,密度为1.13％ha。繁殖期为2～8月,雌鸟筑巢,窝卵数在2～4枚,以3枚居多,卵均重2.8(2.4～3.4)g平均大小为:15.7(15.2—16.0)mm×21.9(20.6～24.7)mm。仅雌鸟孵卵,孵化期约10～11天。卵孵化率为86.9％,巢中育雏期10～12天,双亲共同育雏,对其食性作了分析。植物性食物占64.8％,动物性食物占27.8％。     

呼和浩特地区北京雨燕生物学研究

北京雨燕每年4月中句迁来，于5月末产卵，（1986年5月25日，1987年5月19日）多数雨燕每巢产卵三枚，通常每隔一日产一枚卵。卵呈橄榄状，纯白色。鲜卵重3．6820．16克，大小为25．7×16．1毫米（N＝26）。孵卵期间卵失水率为11．7％－34．2％，孵卵期20－22天。育雏期为38－42天。雨燕年仅孵化一窝，孵化率为70．8％（N＝23），存活率为93．89％（N＝16）每对亲鸟可育雏1．82只。双雏幼鸟生长曲线与单雏幼鸟生长曲线不同。根据Ricklefs’的幼鸟生长方程（Gompertz与Logistic)，Logistic方程为Wt=42[1 e^-0.22(t-1088)]^-1；Gompertz方程为Wt=42e^-0.159^-0.149(t-8.9)。根据Ricklefs’的检验方法。双雏幼鸟生长更符合Gompertz方程。幼雏于19日龄后体温相对稳定为35℃±2℃。北京雨燕每年8月离开呼和浩特。     

芦芽山自然保护区蓝矶鸫繁殖生物学的研究

１９９５年～１９９７年的４月～９月,在山西省芦芽山自然保护区,对蓝矶鸫（Ｍｏｎｔｉｃｏｌａｓｏｌｉｔａｒｉｕｓｐｈｉｌｉｐｅｎｓｉｓ）的繁殖生物学进行了研究。已知该鸟每年４月中旬陆续迁来,９月中旬先后迁离。其栖息环境为悬崖峭壁多岩石依山傍水地带。种群密度为每公里遇见数：在繁殖前的４月为１．３６只,繁殖后的８月为２．１５只。产卵期为４月下旬至５月上旬;每窝卵数４枚～６枚,孵卵期为１４天,孵化率９３．１０％,巢内育雏１４天,巢外育雏６天～８天。     

断翅圈联养白枕鹤的繁殖

断翅白枕鹤通过选定配偶、隔离圈养，于１９８６年在无锡市公园动物园繁殖成功，至今已形成较大种群，并初步掌握了白枕鹤的繁殖规律。配对多年的白枕鹤繁殖季节农年提早，二月底即可产狼，亲鹤自孵自育情况下，年产１窝，窝卵数为２格言，产卵间隔日为２－３ｄ，孵卵期为２８－３０ｄ。采取人工孵化或人工育雏珠方法可缩短窝间隔时间，年产２－３窝，甚至４０窝。人工孵化的关键是温湿度控制，人工育雏的羝是雏舍温度、卫生、雏鹤开     

白鹡鸰(Motacilla alba alboides)在拉萨地区的繁殖生态

在拉萨地区,白雌雄共同筑巢,巢的平均内径为7.87±1.65cm(n=4)、外径16.5±2.38cm(n=4)、巢高12.75±5.62cm(n=4)、巢深7.3±0.96cm(n=4)、平均离地高为0.35±0.64m(n=4)、巢重61.75±8.34g(n=4)。每窝产4～6枚卵,平均长径为21.3 ,短径为15.8 ,卵平均重2.3g。孵卵期为11～12天,双亲共同育雏,平均育雏期为15天,幼鸟离巢后仍靠亲鸟为生,雏鸟主要以鳞翅目的幼虫、蚯蚓、蜘蛛以及鞘翅目昆虫为食。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has