基于畦灌水流推进过程推求田面平均糙率的简化解析模型

基于水量平衡模型，通过引入畦灌下渗水形状系数、地表储水形状系数，并分析了两系数的变化规律，发现下渗水形状系数受地表水推进过程中的推进距离和时间的幂指数影响很小，可用一个稳定值计算，由此建立了基于水量平衡法的畦灌时反推田面糙率简化模型．结合大田试验和相关资料对模型进行检验，表明该模型具有严谨的物理基础，计算求解方便，精度较高的优点，可用于畦灌时田面糙率的确定．     

畦灌水流特性与灌水效率的田间试验研究

分三种土质,不同畦田规格进行畦灌灌水试验,研究水流推进、退水过程、田间入渗、单宽流量、纵坡等对灌水效率、均匀度的影响。结果表明,土质、计划湿润层深度、单宽流量、畦田规格、纵坡对灌水效率的影响非常明显,求得值与规范规定值(0.90以上)有很大差距;利用田间双环入渗实测法求出土壤入渗参数,再用kostiskov入渗公式计算累计入渗深度与入渗时间算得入渗水深均匀系数。计算结果发现入渗水深达0.74 m以上。对畦灌来说,高均匀系数与高灌水效率才意味着高灌水质量。     

由膜孔畦灌水流推进及水深资料推求点源入渗参数

根据膜孔畦灌大田灌水试验实测资料,研究了膜上水流推进规律,并对膜孔入渗采用Ｋｏｓｔｉａｋｏｖ入渗模型,提出利用膜孔畦灌田面水流推进和观测断面水深资料推求充分供水条件下点源入渗参数的新方法。实例计算表明,该法简单易行,并可消除土壤空间变异性对入渗参数的影响。该研究成果为膜孔灌理论与技术研究奠定了基础。     

浑水入渗的基本特性研究

依据大田土壤清、浑水积水入渗对比试验资料,揭示了浑水入渗的一些基本特性。对试验结果进行分析后表明:在相同入渗条件下,浑水入渗主要受泥沙含量的影响,由于入渗浑水中的泥沙入渗时在地表形成一个沉积层,因而对入渗起到阻碍作用,使得浑水累积入渗量和稳定入渗率都随浑水泥沙含量增大而减小;浑水入渗也符合Kostiakov-Lewis入渗模型,入渗指数随浑水泥沙含量的增大而增大,入渗系数和相对稳定入渗率随浑水泥沙含量的增大而减小。研究结果对于指导浑水灌溉可提供参考。     

转速对贯流泵装置流道水力参数影响的数值分析

为了研究贯流泵装置进出水流道水力性能受转速的影响规律,以贯流泵装置为研究对象进行全流道的数值计算,通过将能量性能数值预测结果与物理模型试验结果对比,验证了数值模拟结果的有效性。在考虑水泵与进出水流道内流相互影响条件下定量分析转速对进出水流道水力性能参数的影响规律。结果表明:(a)不同转速时进水流道水力损失比与流量系数的关系曲线变化趋势基本相同。相同转速时,随着流量系数的增大,进水流道水力效率逐渐减小,流道出口环量先减小、后增大;相同流量系数时,进水流道出口面的平均环量随转速的增加而增加。(b)不同转速时,随着流量系数的增大,出水流道进口入流涡角相对值先减小、后增大。在相同流量系数时,随着转速的增加,出水流道的静圧比逐渐增加,出水流道进口面的偏流角分布基本相同。     

坡面径流与大孔隙流耦合作用下边坡水分场参数敏感性分析

为了揭示不同大孔隙参数取值条件下边坡水分场的变化规律,利用2个耦合的Richards方程描述大孔隙流,并联合运动波方程,建立坡面径流与大孔隙流耦合模型;基于有限元软件COMSOL的偏微分方程接口,实现所建立耦合模型的数值求解,并自行设计室内模型试验,验证数值结果,分析不同大孔隙参数对体积含水率和坡面积水深度的影响。结果表明：COMSOL软件的偏微分方程接口可以实现所建立耦合模型的数值求解,相比于无大孔隙坡面,考虑大孔隙时水分入渗深度明显更大;边坡饱和区深度与湿润锋深度均随大孔隙域占比的增大而增大,均随大孔隙域与基质域导水系数之比与经验参数的增大而减小;当降雨历时为30 min时,坡面积水深度区分度最大,表现在随着大孔隙域占比的增大而减小,均随大孔隙域与基质域导水系数之比和经验参数的增大而增大;3种大孔隙参数按照对边坡水分场影响程度由大到小的顺序为大孔隙域占比、经验参数、大孔隙域与基质域导水系数之比。     

水-沼液一体入渗特征分析

为探明水-沼液一体灌溉模式对作物根区土壤水分环境的影响,通过水平和垂直土柱入渗试验,探求不同沼液浓度、土壤容重和入渗水头对入渗特征的影响.结果表明:在相同时间内,土壤容重为1.40g/cm3处理的累积入渗量均小于1.35g/cm-3处理,但所有处理的累积入渗量均随沼液浓度的增大而减小;垂直土柱入渗试验中4cm水头单位时间累积入渗量及土壤剖面含水率均高于2cm水头处理;不同处理土壤水扩散率及各剖面土壤含水率均呈现CK1∶41∶21∶1BL.通过对数据进行拟合分析,发现指数函数能较好地描述不同土壤容重和沼液浓度的土壤水扩散率;Kostiakov入渗模型能够准确描述垂直入渗试验中不同沼液浓度、土壤容重和入渗水头对累积入渗量的影响,其入渗系数随沼液浓度的增大逐渐减小,而入渗指数则随沼液浓度的增大逐渐增大.     

水平前向插入式流速仪对流速场影响的实验研究

前向插入式流速仪在工作时其探头会对待测流场造成干扰,该文对简化流速仪模型的干扰范围进行了测量和分析。简化模型仿毕托管(Pitot tube)形状,水平放置于明槽流场中,采用粒子图像测速(PIV)技术测得代表性平面瞬时二维流场。通过分析流场的沿程变化特征,确定了流速仪模型对其正前方水流的影响距离。实验结果表明:流向速度随距模型顶点距离的增大逐渐增加最后趋于来流速度,而水流的展向速度、紊动强度和雷诺应力(Reynolds stress)均随距模型顶点距离的增大而逐渐减小最后趋于稳定;流速仪对其前方水流的流速影响距离较大,对紊动强度的影响距离较小;流速仪对前方水流影响距离随模型直径增大而增大,在实验条件下,影响距离与模型直径成正比。     

不同埋深下暗挖隧道施工的地层响应

采用实测统计和数值模拟方法,对北京地铁区间暗挖隧道开挖后不同埋深下的地层应力、塑性区分布及地层变形3个方面进行分析研究.结果表明:1)隧道开挖后洞周切向应力升高区随埋深增大而向围岩深部转移,埋深达到20 m后,应力升高区的转移减缓;2)随埋深的增大,洞周塑性区与地表塑性区由完全贯通变为逐渐分离,地表塑性区的范围逐渐减小,但洞周塑性区的范围变化不大,而塑性区以外的弹性区范围增大;3)埋深达到12 m时,地中沉降曲线出现拐点,拐点与洞顶的距离随埋深的增大而增大,埋深达到20 m后,曲线拐点基本稳定在洞顶上方10 m处;4)计算结果与实测统计规律基本一致,最大地表沉降值随着埋深的增大而减小,但减小的幅度随着埋深的增大而逐渐减小.     

不同坡度和前期土壤含水率下裸地和草地的降雨产流试验分析

坡度和前期土壤含水率是降雨产流过程的重要影响因素。为探讨其对降雨产流过程的影响,采用人工降雨模拟试验,对太行山前平原区不同坡度和前期土壤含水率下草地和裸地降雨产流过程进行了研究。结果表明:(1)草地和裸地的径流量均随坡度和前期土壤含水率的增加而增大,且裸地在稳定阶段的产流量以及累积产流量均高于草地;同时,前期土壤含水率较高时,累积产流量与降雨历时呈现出分段函数的关系;(2)径流系数、产流滞时以及入渗率随坡度和前期土壤含水率的增加分别呈现出增大、减小和减小的趋势,且两影响因素对草地径流系数、产流滞时及入渗率的影响程度均强于裸地;(3)裸地和草地的入渗率均随坡度和前期土壤含水率的增加,其变化速率逐渐增大,且较其他入渗模型,Horton入渗模型可以很好地估算土壤入渗率以及入渗量。通过试验研究,以期为进一步探索太行山前平原区降雨产流规律提供参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~