非贯通节理岩体抗剪强度影响因素分析

基于修正的Lajtai岩桥破坏理论,研究连通率、形貌节理起伏角、法向压力等因素对非贯通节理岩体抗剪强度的影响,利用人工混凝土模拟类岩石材料,并进行直剪实验论证.结果表明:非贯通节理岩体抗剪强度与起伏角大小成正相关关系,与连通率成负相关关系;其他影响因素相同时,法向压力越大,非贯通节理岩体抗剪强度越大.     

断续节理对岩体力学性能的影响

采用颗粒流数值模拟程序,建立不同节理状态的岩石试样模型,对其进行双轴试验模拟,从岩桥长度、节理长度和倾角三个方面对断续节理影响下的岩体破裂形式和力学性质进行了数值模拟分析.岩桥的破裂方式为翼裂纹扩展下的拉剪复合破坏,模型破裂大致经历了翼裂纹的扩展、次生裂纹的延伸以及岩桥的贯通三个过程,而且表现出明显的蠕变特性以及延性破坏.岩桥长度的变化对峰值强度和弹性模量影响较小;相比岩桥长度,节理岩样的力学特性对节理长度更加敏感.对于不同的节理倾角,岩石试件表现出不同的初始破裂形式,0°倾角岩样的破裂方式为翼裂纹的扩展和次生裂纹的延伸,中间岩桥没有被贯通,15°倾角岩样的初裂强度和峰值强度最大.     

共面断续节理岩体直剪强度特性模型

采用理论分析和模型试验相结合方法,对共面闭合断续节理岩体直剪强度特性进行分析和研究.引入法向变形协调条件,基于Mohr-Coulomb理论,推导共面断续节理岩体模型的直剪强度公式.模型试验表明:全应力-应变曲线主要经历了线弹性增长、节理面错动、次生裂纹起裂稳态扩展、节理面贯通破坏和残余强度5个阶段;剪切应力峰值和残余强度都随正应力的增大而增大,而变形特性随正应力的变化规律性不强;抗剪峰值强度随节理连通率的增大而减小,低连通率时强度下降速度慢;节理分布形态对强度也有影响,节理在两边分布的试样强度普遍高于节理在中间的;理论计算结果与试验值吻合较好,能较好描述共面断续节理岩体的直剪强度特征.     

断续节理岩体尺寸效应的数值模拟研究

基于细观统计损伤数值模型,通过统计宏观节理分布,建立包含随机节理的岩体模型。在不同尺寸的模型中,通过改变节理倾角、围压等,建立不同数值试样,试验研究岩体的节理倾角和应力水平对尺寸效应以及岩体力学参数的影响规律。结果表明:在随机节理岩体中,裂纹的萌生与贯通更容易发生在节理密集的薄弱面内,即优势破坏面;节理倾角对岩体的尺寸效应影响巨大,不同倾角下的节理岩体的特征尺寸与特征强度有很大差异,节理倾角β为60°、45°、30°时影响较为明显,β为75°、15°时影响较弱;模型尺寸为0.5 m×0.5 m时极限强度离散较大,随着尺寸的增加逐渐集中,整体的破坏模式由脆性破坏向渐进劣化转变,同时应力-应变曲线更加平缓;围压施加后,节理岩体仍然具有明显的尺寸效应,特征尺寸与特征强度均有所提高,降低主次优势破坏面之间的差异,会使更多裂纹在次优势破坏面中发育。     

压剪作用下节理倾角对类岩石材料破坏模式的影响

采用在水泥砂浆初凝前预埋云母片的方法制作含不同分布形态的充填节理试件,并对试件进行压剪试验,探究压剪复合作用下节理倾角对岩体破坏模式的影响及节理岩体破坏机理。应用RFPA2D有限元程序建立相应的数值模型,进行数值计算。试验和数值模拟结果表明:节理倾角对试件初始破坏时翼裂纹的产生位置和最终破坏形态都有显著影响;不同倾角的节理在不同程度上弱化了类岩石试件的抗剪强度,节理倾角为15°时抗剪强度最小,而60°时最大;节理倾角小于45°时,试件破坏所需剪切位移小于无节理试件破坏时的剪切位移,节理倾角大于或等于45°时大于无节理试件破坏时的剪切位移。     

不同压剪应力比作用下节理类岩石材料破坏模式的试验研究

通过对含充填节理类岩石材料试件进行变角度压剪试验,探究不同压剪应力比作用下节理倾角对岩体破坏模式的影响。定义削弱度,分析节理倾角对岩体抗剪强度的影响。研究结果表明:不同压剪应力比影响试件的初始破坏模式,最终破坏由过大剪切位移所致,并且节理倾角决定试件破坏后的形态;压剪应力比越大,同角度节理试件的抗剪强度越大;在相同压剪应力比下,与无节理试件抗剪强度相比,节理会削弱试件的抗剪强度,倾角不同,削弱度不同。     

不同角度充填节理花岗岩剪切裂纹扩展规律及断裂机制研究

增强型地热系统储层中岩体节理通常含有充填物,充填节理的剪切力学行为直接影响储层渗透性及连通性。基于不同角度充填节理花岗岩直剪试验,研究了充填节理花岗岩剪切破坏的力学特性、损伤变量演化及裂纹扩展规律。结果表明：充填物及节理角度影响花岗岩抗剪强度,表现为充填物改变裂纹扩展介质,节理角度影响花岗岩剪切时节理面的受力状态;充填节理花岗岩损伤破坏过程分为裂纹闭合、裂纹萌生发育、裂纹扩展破坏3个阶段,损伤变量随着损伤过程进行呈不断增大趋势;节理花岗岩剪切裂纹扩展方向可分为水平方向及平行节理方向,0°与90°节理试件剪切裂纹沿水平方向扩展直至贯通试件,30°、45°与60°节理试件剪切裂纹扩展方向与自身节理角度一致。     

节理倾角对岩体破坏特性影响的单由压缩数值试验

岩体中的节理通常会对岩体的破坏特性产生决定性的影响,本文通过对单轴压缩试验条件下含不同倾角节理的岩体试样破坏过程的数值试验,发现由于岩石材料的非均匀性,不合节理时岩石试样的宏观破坏主裂纹位置和方向不确定,具有一定的随机性,而且峰值强度较高;含节理的岩体宏观破坏时主裂纹明显受节理的影响,除节理倾角0°情况外,主裂纹均与节理的上下端相连;含节理岩体的峰值强度均低于不合节理的岩体,并且节理倾角60°以下时岩体峰值强度较低,而60°以上时峰值强度开始明显升高,90°时甚至接近不含节理的岩体.     

节理岩体的随机剪切破环

提出的节理岩体剪切强度准则,考虑了节理面、岩桥提供的强度分量和相邻节理面形成的起伏角提供的强度分量。讨论了节理面和节理岩体发生剪切破坏时某些关键应力状态必须满足的物理约束条件。此外,强度准则中的参数可以是随机变量,所以可以用于随机模型中的破坏概率分析和工程的风险分析。     

人工非贯通节理试样力学强度特征试验研究

岩体中存在大量非贯通的节理.节理的几何尺寸、空间分布形式和连通率的大小等都是影响岩体强度的重要因素.本文用理论分析和实验测试的方法探讨了含有非贯通节理材料的力学强度特征和破坏机理.作者设计并制作了含有不同预制节理的水泥砂浆试件,完成了大量实验室力学试验,获得了试样剪切强度参数C、φ值与节理连通率的内在联系.在实验的基础上进一步用断裂力学理论,分析计算在不同连通率和法向应力作用下,节理发生初始扩展和峰值贯通破坏的条件,指出含节理材料发生破坏时,其尖端起裂角随着连通率的增大而变大,理论分析与实验结果一致性良好.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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