破碎岩质斜坡下浅埋连拱隧道施工力学效应研究

以某高速公路连拱隧道为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法研究破碎岩质斜坡下浅埋连拱隧道施工力学响应特征,并分析加固措施和开挖顺序对隧道围岩和结构应力与位移的影响规律。研究结果表明,偏压连拱隧道围岩水平和竖向位移均呈非对称分布,斜坡左上方为水平位移敏感区,拱顶和隧底竖向位移分别表现为沉降和隆起;中墙墙脚处出现水平应力集中现象,深埋侧中墙墙身受偏压作用显著,加固围岩可降低中墙墙身应力约16%以上,而先开挖深埋侧隧道会引起中墙墙身竖向应力增加达22%;初期支护结构位移呈非对称曲线分布,拱脚位置水平位移较大,左右两侧位移方向相反;从控制围岩和支护结构位移角度,采取斜坡与隧底破碎围岩注浆加固措施后处治效果显著,且宜优先进行地形偏压浅埋侧隧道施工。研究成果可为类似地质地形条件的偏压隧道设计与施工提供科学参考。     

连拱隧道近接重叠既有隧道时的施工性态数值模拟

以具有浅埋、偏压、近距离不对称重叠于下部既有小净距隧道等特征的雅山连拱隧道为工程背景,借助数值模拟手段,分析偏压近接重叠条件下连拱隧道正洞采用"先深后浅"及"先浅后深"两种开挖工序下的施工力学形态.通过比较两工序中连拱隧道围岩和既有小净距隧道衬砌的变形情况、中隔墙变位和受力情况,可知两开挖工序中,连拱隧道围岩变形基本一致,竖向沉降和水平位移值分别以右侧深埋正洞拱顶和浅埋左侧正洞与中导洞相交处为最大,其值分别达到3.19 mm和1.17 mm;浅埋偏压条件下,中隔墙自浇筑成型即处于小偏心受压,但其初始倾斜变位因正洞的开挖而逐步得到拨正;连拱隧道岩体开挖将导致既有小净距隧道内侧拱肩-拱腰区域衬砌出现朝向开挖区的变形,且"先深后浅"工序较"先浅后深"工序偏大0.01~0.02 mm.     

偏压连拱隧道围岩稳定性模型试验与数值分析

按弹性阶段相似原则进行偏压条件下连拱隧道的室内模型试验,模拟连拱隧道的施工工况,研究Ⅲ级围岩地质条件下,偏压连拱隧道开挖的可行性.采用压力盒、数码相机、沉降板等仪器量测试验过程中隧道围岩应力和位移分布.应用三维连续介质快速拉格朗日元对偏压条件下连拱隧道的围岩稳定性进行了分析,掌握连拱隧道开挖时围岩的整体力学性质、变形趋势以及稳定性特点.物理模型所得结果与数值模拟所得结果进行对比分析,结果表明偏压条件下连拱隧道施工过程中,隧道左右洞室拱顶存在较大的差异沉降;右洞拱顶及左洞拱脚围岩是隧道最为薄弱的地方;中墙作为连拱隧道的关键结构,承受了较大的外部荷载,除其本身要达到强度及稳定性要求外,墙顶及墙底围岩易发生塑性屈服;偏压对隧道拱顶的影响最明显,侧墙次之,对拱底影响较小以及隧道围岩不稳定区域和围岩的松动范围与对称荷载情况存在明显差异.     

老寨隧道洞口段施工过程中的工作性状

隧道洞口通常处于浅埋、偏压、围岩破碎等复杂地质、地形条件,施工中容易发生仰坡坍塌、冒顶、衬砌结构变形开裂、难于安全进洞等情况.以厦蓉高速公路老寨隧道为例,针对浅埋、偏压及洞口段围岩破碎的情况,采用FLAC3D数值计算软件对洞口段隧道支护结构的应力、塑性区发生发展规律、变形等进行研究,得出了隧道洞口段开挖过程中应力分布规律、塑性区的分布及破坏特点、变形与隧道开挖的关系等.     

偏压连拱隧道围岩压力及结构计算

为了解决目前在设计中尚无满足连拱隧道特点的围岩压力理论,特别是在浅埋偏压条件下围岩载荷估计偏差较大问题,应用岩柱理论求得塌落拱曲线方程,用作图法确定地形偏压临界覆土厚度,对偏压连拱隧道与非偏压连拱隧道进行界定。在此基础上,提出浅埋偏压连拱隧道地层主动偏压载荷和被动不均匀载荷确定方法及地形偏压情况下隧道支护结构的合理计算方法,并求得不同坡率、不同围岩级别条件下浅埋侧土体的弹性抗力系数的合理取值,为设计中偏压连拱隧道采用载荷结构模式计算时浅埋侧土体的弹性抗力系数取值提供参考。     

浅埋黄土隧道不同施工与加固方法的颗粒流数值模拟

针对浅埋黄土隧道在开挖过程中发生的拱顶过量沉降问题,采用颗粒离散单元法模拟了不同开挖方法和加固措施对围岩稳定和变形的影响,分析了6种工况的围岩压力分布和位移发展情况,讨论了开挖方法和加固措施对隧道围岩稳定的影响.模拟结果显示,隧道拱肩和拱脚应力集中处水平位移较大,拱部和边墙开挖为黄土隧道留核心开挖施工中的关键工序,施工中宜及早支护避免隧道发生过大变形.浅埋黄土隧道拱顶下沉量远大于周边收敛;对于相同的支护形式,留核心土下部全断面开挖法产生的位移总量约为留核心土下半断面分部开挖法的1.2倍;对于相同的开挖方法,无超前注浆支护产生的位移总量约为有超前支护的1.5倍;而有无系统锚杆的隧道围岩变形量基本相同.研究表明,浅埋黄土隧道可采取超前导管注浆减小隧道开挖变形,而系统锚杆由于支护效果不明显可考虑取消.     

卵砾石土地层偏压地形大跨浅埋隧道施工方法研究

为了研究卵砾石土地层偏压地形大跨浅埋隧道的合理施工方法,建立考虑实际地形状况的隧道三维计算模型;分别采用台阶法和分部开挖法以不同施工顺序对隧道的施工过程进行数值模拟,经对比分析,确定隧道的合理施工方法。研究结果表明:卵砾石土地层偏压地形大跨浅埋隧道采用超前预支护辅助措施,先从浅埋一侧拱部断面开挖的上半断面临时中隔壁四分部法是可行的施工方法;施工过程中,影响围岩位移的主要因素是支护系统能否及时封闭,以及开挖断面的数量多少;对于偏压地形大跨浅埋隧道来说,先开挖支护浅埋一侧拱部断面,再开挖支护深埋一侧拱部断面,然后依次(浅埋~深埋)开挖支护下台阶和仰拱的施工顺序有利于拱部围岩稳定,引起的拱顶下沉较小,也较为均衡。     

卵砾石土地层偏压地形大跨浅埋隧道的施工方法

为了研究卵砾石土地层偏压地形大跨浅埋隧道的合理施工方法,建立考虑实际地形状况的隧道三维计算模型;分别采用台阶法和分部开挖法以不同施工顺序对隧道的施工过程进行数值模拟,经对比分析,确定隧道的合理施工方法。研究结果表明:卵砾石土地层偏压地形大跨浅埋隧道采用超前预支护辅助措施,先从浅埋一侧拱部断面开挖的上半断面临时中隔壁四分部法是可行的施工方法;施工过程中,影响围岩位移的主要因素是支护系统能否及时封闭,以及开挖断面的数量多少;对于偏压地形大跨浅埋隧道来说,先开挖支护浅埋一侧拱部断面,再开挖支护深埋一侧拱部断面,然后依次(浅埋~深埋)开挖支护下台阶和仰拱的施工顺序有利于拱部围岩稳定,引起的拱顶下沉较小,也较为均衡。     

浅埋暗挖黄土隧道地层及围岩力学特性变化规律

以新建蒙华铁路运煤通道青化砭隧道为依托,埋设地层变位和围岩应力测试元件,对开挖时黄土地区大跨径浅埋隧道的地层及围岩力学特性变化规律进行了研究。结果表明：拱顶沉降和水平收敛变形可分为均匀变形阶段和稳定变形阶段,竖向地层沉降随埋深的增大先增大后减小;当工作面稳定时,横截面方向和轴线方向的水平位移超前影响距离分别为8m、15m。滞后和超前开挖时,周围土体横截面方向和轴向水平位移分别向隧道内侧和背离隧道方向发展;初期支护施做后,衬砌应力重新分布,仰拱压力增大,而左右拱腰压力不变。所得结论可为黄土地区浅埋暗挖大跨度隧道的设计和施工提供参考。     

山岭隧道超浅埋段开挖围岩变形分析

随着我国公路、铁路建设的大力发展,山岭隧道洞口段、冲沟段、沟谷等地段的超浅埋问题严重威胁着隧道施工及运营期的安全。本文以某超浅埋山岭隧道为分析对象,采用了数值模拟和现场监测的手段,对超浅埋隧道在开挖条件下围岩的变形进行分析。分析结果表明：当隧道埋深小于2倍隧道直径时,埋深越浅隧道开挖后拱顶下沉位移量越大;超浅埋隧道开挖后围岩的变形可分为三个阶段,即变形急增阶段、变形缓慢阶段和变形平稳阶段;其中,第一阶段围岩产生的变形最大,是隧道开挖过程中重点关注的一个阶段。最后,通过对比分析发现,实际监测数据与模拟结果变化趋势基本吻合,模拟结果的累积变形值略大于实际监测结果,这是因为监测工序晚于开挖工序。因此,掌握超浅埋隧道在开挖过程中的围岩变形规律,并制定科学合理的开挖支护措施对隧道的安全十分重要。本文的研究是基于工程实例开展的,其研究成果对同类工程具有指导意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has