基于模糊数学理论的某退役铀尾矿库环境质量综合评价

为了对退役铀尾矿库的环境质量进行综合评价,在收集了某退役铀尾矿库连续三年环境监测数据的基础上,通过聚类分析建立铀尾矿库环境质量综合评价的指标体系,并通过模糊综合评判法对其进行了分析,结果表明,2010—2012年铀尾矿库的环境质量逐年有所改善,但总体仍处于较差状态,需进一步加强退役治理.     

砂土介质中微生物对铀尾矿库渗出液淤堵吸附实验研究

本文选取了5种生长在某铀尾矿库周边的土著微生物,对比分析其在放射性环境中繁殖情况,选用OD600值较高且在振荡培养下能快速形成明显菌落的黑曲霉进行淤堵实验.以铀尾矿库周边地层中的砂土为原料构建物理模型,向砂土中均匀灌入黑曲霉孢子悬液,在营养液充足的情况下5周后砂土渗透系数降低了72%,铀酰离子的吸附率达到了89%.实验表明,在砂土介质中黑曲霉的繁殖封堵及吸附分解能够较为有效地对渗漏源进行处理.本实验为处理铀尾矿库渗漏提供了新途径、新方法.     

铀尾矿库浅层土壤中核素U的析出及固定试验

试验以湖南某大型铀矿冶尾矿库为研究对象,在开放体系下间歇式的半动态淋滤试验,特别考察了酸雨条件下铀尾矿库浅层土壤核素U的析出机理。通过Fick扩散理论;并运用有限元回归方法分析核素U在不同固定添加剂的固定效果。试验结果显示,铀尾矿库浅层土壤在模拟酸雨条件下析出机理以表面洗脱为主导作用,使用固定添加剂后析出机理以表面溶解为主导作用。以石灰为固定添加剂,铀在第20 d后重新析出;析出液中铀含量随时间增加而不断递增,以石灰和磷酸氢二胺为组合固定添加剂;其固定效果优于石灰单独作用的固定效果;其结果表明铀的析出浓度低于尾矿库中铀浓度的排放限值。     

单向低频振动对铀尾矿库滩面氡析出影响的实验研究

我国地震多发且一般属于低频振动,其对铀尾矿库滩面具有影响。通过自制双向水平振动台氡析出测试装置,制作了φ100 mm×300 mm (250 mm铀尾砂加盖50 mm的红土)分层压实的铀尾矿库模拟滩面模型,分析对比了振动前后铀尾矿库滩面氡析出率变化规律。试验研究表明:在前后方向水平振动(10,20,30 Hz)条件下,滩面氡析出率总体呈现先上升后下降规律,左右水平振动条件下,滩面氡析出率呈现先下降后上升。红土覆盖层覆盖后,氡析出率有所降低。综上所述,低频振动对于铀尾矿库滩面氡析出的影响较大,试验结果可以铀尾矿库退役治理提供一定的理论参考。     

基于云模型的退役铀尾矿库环境质量评价方法

综合考虑退役铀尾矿库环境质量评价过程中模糊性和随机性的特点,引入云模型,建立了基于云模型的退役铀尾矿库环境质量评价方法.选取影响周边环境质量的12项指标,计算各指标隶属于各环境等级的云模型参数,运用正向正态云发生器生成综合云模型,结合权重,得到评价对象的综合确定度,最终根据最大确定度判定环境质量等级.实例和对比分析结果表明,运用云模型评价退役铀尾矿库环境质量是可行的,且计算过程简单明了、易于编程实现,为评价退役铀尾矿库环境质量提供了新的思路和手段.     

某铀尾矿库中放射性核素对环境的影响

铀尾矿是铀矿水冶工艺的产物,通常存放于铀尾矿库中.铀尾矿库的放射性核素不仅有如氡及其子体以气态方式扩散进入环境,而且还能随着铀尾矿水在土壤中进行横向和纵向渗透迁移,从而对土壤、地表水和地下水等产生严重的放射性污染.通过对尾矿库、尾矿坝下游不同深度,不同距离的土壤中放射性核素(238U,232 Th,226 Ra,40K...     

中国防灾减灾10年回顾与展望

党的十八大以来，中央在加强应急管理、系统提高防灾减灾救灾能力方面做出了一系列重要决策部署。10年来，中国减灾能力、现代化综合救援能力和重大安全风险防控能力持续增强，新时代应急管理取得了显著成效。同时，防灾减灾研究为“一带一路”沿线国家可持续发展提供了有力的科技支撑，灾害大数据平台在灾害防控工作中起到重要作用。针对目前中国自然灾害频发、高发的现状与趋势，自然灾害防灾减灾存在本底数据、机理认识、风险预测的挑战。未来应重点加强自然灾害基础研究、监测预警体系构建、韧性社会建设、科普教育、自然灾害保险等方面的工作，更好地推进社会经济的可持续发展和营造宜居地球，构建人与自然和谐的人类命运共同体。     

铀尾矿库区地下水铀污染研究

通过对铀在地下水中污染迁移规律的分析,探讨了已有地下水污染的数值模拟,筒述一些有效控制铀对地下水污染的方法及其治理措施,旨在为我国铀尾矿库区放射性污染地下水修复提供一定的理论和技术依据.     

包气带对铀尾矿库放射性液态流出物阻隔能力的实验研究

以湖南某铀尾矿库放射性渗滤液为研究对象,将铀酰离子作为特征污染因子,选取其周边有代表性的土层制作两组具有相同含水率的砂柱,研究包气带对铀废液的吸附和阻滞能力及铀酰离子在包气带中的迁移规律.结果表明:1)包气带对铀渗滤液具有较强的阻滞和载蓄作用,可有效延缓其污染地下水的时间;2)包气带对废液的蓄纳过程具有阶段性特征,可分为稳定吸纳和缓慢发育两个阶段,最大吸纳能力为38.20 kg/m~3;3)铀酰离子随着在砂土中迁移深度的增加,浓度逐渐降低.     

铀尾矿砂基质吸力对铀尾矿坝力学性能影响试验探究

通过对某铀尾矿库坝体材料现场取样和室内土工试验,进行应变直剪试验,得到铀尾矿砂不同含水率下最大剪应力的实验数据。结果表明:随着含水率的增大,非饱和铀尾矿砂的基质吸力在逐渐减小,黏聚力与内摩擦角随含水率的增大呈先增大后变小的变化规律。根据基质吸力对铀尾矿库坝体剪应力的变化规律,随着基质吸力的逐渐减小,剪应力先增大后减小。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-