Paleomagnetic result of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks from the Tuoyun Basin, southwest Tien Shan of China and its tectonic implications

In the present decades, lots of Mesozoic and Ceno-zoic paleomagnetic data have been obtained from westernChina and adjacent areas[1—19], however, these results are still not enough to reconstruct a postcollisional kinematic model for each block of the Tibetan Plateau and Central Asia. As a result, it is very difficult to paleomagnetically depict the postcollisional interaction within blocks of Ti- bet and Central Asia in detail. On the other hand, shal- lower inclinations have been repeat…     

Tectonic rotation in the western South-Dabashan orogenic belt in late Mesozoic

A paleomagnetic study was carried out on Early-Middle Jurassic sediments in the Zhenba area, the western South-dabashan orogenic belt. Stepwise thermal demagnetization isolated the characteristic high temperature component (HTC) (D=37.1°, I=46.1°, α95=10.1°), which passed the fold test. By comparing the corresponding pole of HTC (57.6°N, 196.6°E, A95=9.9°) with coeval reference poles for the Sichuan basin, we detected a 26.5°±9.0° clockwise rotation of the study area relative to the stable Sichuan basin. We...     

Cretaceous synfolding remagnetization components revealing tectonic rotation of the middle Yangtze fold belt

To reveal the deformation process of the middle Yangtze fold belt, we conducted a paleomagnetic study on Middle Triassic limestones and Middle to Late Jurassic sandstones from Wanzhou, Chongqing. Stepwise thermal and alternating field demagnetization were used to isolate the multi-component re-manent magnetizations. The Jurassic samples were overprinted by recent geomagnetic field, while three magnetization components were isolated from the Middle Triassic samples. A low temperature component (LTC) was isolated at temperatures below 200℃, an intermediate temperature component (ITC) at 200―360℃ and a high temperature component (HTC) at 400―460℃. The LTC is distributed around the present-day Earth magnetic field, probably a viscous component. Stepwise unfolding indi-cates that the maximum precision parameters of ITC and HTC components are achieved at 33±8% and 50±27% (with 95% confidence) unfolding, respectively. The best-clustered ITC mean direction, Dec = 11.2°, Inc = 45.2° (α₉₅ = 4.5°, N = 34), corresponding to a paleopole at 79.3°N, 219.5°E (d_p = 3.6°, d_m = 5.7°), is consistent with the Cretaceous reference direction of the South China Block (SCB). The best-clustered HTC mean direction (taking 70% unfolding), Dec = 24.2°, Inc =49.0° (α₉₅ = 3.6°, N = 23), corresponding to a paleopole at 69.2°N, 195.5°E (d_p =3.1°, d_m = 4.8°), suggests a clockwise rotation of 12.8°±3.5°. These synfolding remagnetization components clearly reveal that a clockwise rotation happened at the middle stage of folding, thus supporting that at least part of the variation in fold axis strikes is due to orocline rotation. Combined with published data, our analysis indicates that the Wan-zhou-Xiangxi segment of the middle Yangtze fold belt experienced oroclinal bending. Furthermore, a published post-folding component isolated from the Middle Triassic Puqi Formation suggests a 27.5°±5.8° clockwise rotation, confirming that at least 50% of the observed clockwise rotations in the eastern middle Yangtze fold belt can be attributed to oroclinal bending. The remagnetization data and geological evidence observed in the middle Yangtze fold belt suggest that collision between SCB and North China Block (NCB) probably lasted till the early period of Early Cretaceous.     

Dissolution characteristics of sericite in chalcopyrite bioleaching and its effect on copper extraction

The effects of sericite particle size, rotation speed, and leaching temperature on sericite dissolution and copper extraction in a chalcopyrite bioleaching system were examined. Finer particles, appropriate temperature and rotation speed for Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans resulted in a higher Al3+ dissolution concentration. The Al3+ dissolution concentration reached its highest concentration of 38.66 mg/L after 48-d leaching when the sericite particle size, temperature, and rotation speed were -43 μm, 30℃, and 160 r/min, respectively. Meanwhile, the sericite particle size, rotation speed, and temperature can affect copper extraction. The copper extraction rate is higher when the sericite particle size is finer. An appropriately high temperature is favorable for copper leaching. The dissolution of sericite fitted the shrinking core model, 1-(2/3)α-(1-α)2/3=k₁t, which indicates that internal diffusion is the decision step controlling the overall reaction rate in the leaching process. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed small precipitates covered on the surface of sericite after leaching, which increased the diffusion resistance of the leaching solution and dissolved ions.     

BKP双旋转体系与朝鲜半岛地震活动安全岛效应

朝鲜半岛位于中国东北和日本西南部的地震频发区之间,但在历史资料或仪器记录中,过去百年内没有发生过灾难性的地震。为了说明这一问题,引入了阿穆尔板块(BKP),通过对板块周缘地震进行震源机制解的分析,给定了一个科学合理的边界带,结合GPS相对位移测量,结果显示,BKP内部以郯庐断裂带为界,北部作逆时针旋转,南部朝鲜半岛作顺时针旋转的"双旋转"运动。BKP在旋转过程中,通过郯庐断裂带卸载了大部分的旋转应力。根据古登堡-里克特经验公式计算,在1900~2014年间,沿BKP边界的地震带释放总能量是朝鲜半岛地震的(M≥3.0)10~6倍,说明朝鲜半岛处于一个稳定的"安全岛"状态。通过研究,初探了阿穆尔板块边界的划定和板块边缘及内部构造运动的问题,且从多方面阐明了朝鲜半岛免于灾难性地震的原因。     

ISEA reversed event in the Cretaceous Normal Super-chron （CNS）： ^40Ar／^39Ar dating and paleomagnetic results

ThegeomagneticfieldwasfoundtobeofnormalpolarityforalongtimeduringtheCretaceousbyHelsleyandSteiner[1]andthiswaslaternamedasCretaceousNormalSuperchron(CNS)[2].TheCNSlastedalmost37Ma(120—83Ma).Severalabnormalgeologicalevents,suchasanoceanicanoxicevent,alargenumberofvol-canismandglobalclimaticwarmingduringtheCNShavebeenreported[3—11].Thishasledtomanyquestionsbeingraised.IsittruethattheEarthsmagneticfielddidnotreverseatallintheCNS?Ifitdidreverse,howmanytimesandwhendidthishappen?Istherea…     

Thermodynamics and kinetics of alumina extraction from fly ash using an ammonium hydrogen sulfate roasting method

A novel method was developed for extracting alumina (Al₂O₃) from fly ash using an ammonium hydrogen sulfate (NH₄HSO₄) roasting process, and the thermodynamics and kinetics of this method were investigated. The thermodynamic results were verified experimentally. Thermodynamic calculations show that mullite present in the fly ash can react with NH₄HSO₄ in the 298–723 K range. Process optimization reveals that the extraction rate can reach up to 90.95% when the fly ash reacts with NH₄HSO₄ at a 1:8 mole ratio of Al₂O₃/NH₄HSO₄ at 673 K for 60 min. Kinetic analysis indicates that the NH₄HSO₄ roasting process follows the shrinking unreacted core model, and inner diffusion through the product layer is the rate-controlling step. The activation energy is calculated to be 16.627 kJ/mol; and the kinetic equation can be expressed as 1 ? (2/3)α ? (1 ? α)2/3 = 0.0374t exp[?16627/(RT)], where α is the extraction rate and t is the roasting temperature.     

异径双辊薄带铸轧熔池中钢液流动特性

采用有限差分和二维稳态层流模型,应用边界适体坐标(ＢＦＣ)技术对异径双辊薄带铸轧熔池中钢液的流动进行了数值仿真·分析了铸辊转速、液面宽度、浇注区宽度、浇注位置等操作和设计参数对流场的影响·计算结果表明钢液注入熔池后,在双辊相向转动的作用下,会引起强制对流并产生２个逆时针方向的回流区·通过对不同工况的分析指出浇钢时采取低压头、偏流浇注并维持一定的液面高度等操作有利于铸轧过程的稳定进行·     

The evidence of Sm-Nd isochron age for the early Paleozoic ophiolite in Mangya area, Altun Mountains

The REE patterns of the basic volcanic rocks in Mangya area, Altun, are slight rich in LREE with (La/Ya)-N=1.69-3.20, (La/Sm)-N=1.37-1.87, other trace element ratios of the rocks are Th/Ta≈1 (for a few samples greater than 1.5), Nb/Y=0.34-0.62, Ti/Y=310-443 (on the average: 381), Ti/V=37-62, Zr/Nb=9.4-12.4, Sr/Rb=12-80 (on the average: 37), and Nb/Th=7.7-16.8. These features are similar to that of E-MORE or OIB. The ε Nd(t) value, being 3.95- 4.12, shows that the source of the volcanic rocks is derived from depleted asthenosphere mantle mixed with materials from enriched mantle. These, together with the information of geological setting and rock assemblages, indicate that the basic volcanic rocks are of ophiolite. The Sm-Nd isotope ages for the eight basic volcanic rock samples construct a straight line with good correlation, and the calculated isochron age is (481.3±53) Ma. Besides, the eight calculated ε Nd(t) and model ages are close to each other, which suggests that they are homologous, so the isochron is not a mixed line. In the meantime, the isochron age ((481.3±53) Ma) is lower than the model ages (T DM=1 004-1 534 Ma) of the samples, suggeting that the isochron age represents the formation age of the basic volcanic rocks and the ophiolite belt in Mangya area, Altun is formed in the early Paleozoic (Cambrian-Ordovician). In spite of the greater uncertainty of the age, it is still reliable because it is consistent with the age constrained by the regional strata.     

华北板块北缘中——-西段早白垩世钾玄岩地球化学特征及对比研究

对内蒙古阿拉善盟苏宏图地区一套早白垩世富钾碱性玄武岩中主量元素和微量元素进行测试, 结果表明: 岩石以富碱(K₂O+Na₂O含量为5.20%~8.92%)、高K₂O/Na₂O比值(0.59~1.03)和高TiO₂ (1.59%~2.05%, 平均1.82%)为主要特征, 为钾玄岩系列。该火山岩富集大离子亲石元素、轻稀土元素及高场强元素, 有微弱的Eu异常(δEu=0.88~1.11)。岩石地球化学特征表明, 华北板块北缘西段的苏宏图组火山岩与中段四子王旗地区及白云鄂博南部的早白垩世火山岩有较大的相似性。苏宏图组火山岩、四子王旗钾玄岩以及白云鄂博南部玄武岩均为钾玄岩系列, 三地火山岩在喷出过程中都较少经历地壳混染作用, Nb和Ta的负异常更可能是古亚洲洋俯冲物质影响的结果。同位素和微量元素分析结果表明, 苏宏图组火山岩与四子王旗钾玄岩源区为被古亚洲洋俯冲板块交代的EMⅠ型富集软流圈地幔, 白云鄂博南部玄武岩富集程度稍弱于其他两地, 但三地源区有相似的演化历史, 都经历了亏损的软流圈地幔交代富集过程。三地火山岩相似的源区演化历史表明, 华北板块北缘中?西段在早白垩世可能有相似的构造运动, 在古亚洲洋闭合后, 晚三叠世南北向挤压缩短, 地壳强烈加厚, 而后下部岩石圈拆沉, 已俯冲的古亚洲洋板块的物质重熔, 对亏损的软流圈地幔进行交代富集, 最终富集的软流圈地幔上涌, 形成沿华北板块北缘中?西段东西向呈线状分布的早白垩世钾玄岩。     

Laser step-heating ^40Ar/^39Ar dating on young volcanic rocks

An attempt was made to use CO_2 laser step-heating method to date the late Pleistocene basaltic groundmass (DF-2) from Tengchong volcanic field. Among the fourteen heating steps, ten define a good inverse isochron (MSWD = 1.4) with an age of 32.2 ± 7.1 ka (2 σ).The inverse isochron also shows that the initial argon isotopic ratio is 297.1±2.0 (2σ) which is the same as the atmospheric argon at the 2σ error level. Study indicates that it is a useful means to date young volcanic groundmass with low K content by using CO_2 laser step-heating ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar method.     

CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> gas emplacement age in the Songliao Basin: Insight from volcanic quartz <Superscript>40</Superscript>Ar-<Superscript>39</Superscript>Ar stepwise crushing

Due to a lack of suitable minerals, the gas/oil emplacement ages have never been accurately obtained before. CH₄-CO₂-saline- bearing secondary inclusions are found in quartz from the volcanic rocks of the Yingcheng Formation, the container rocks of the deep CO₂ gas reservoir in the Songliao Basin. The inclusion fluid was trapped into microcracks in quartz during the gas emplacement and accumulation, providing an optimal target for the ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar stepwise crushing technique to determine the CO₂ gas emplacement age. ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar dating results of a quartz sample by stepwise crushing yield a highly linear-regression isochron with an age of 78.4±1.3 Ma, indicating that the accumulation of the deep CO₂ gas reservoir in the Songliao Basin occurred in the late Cretaceous. This is the first time to report an exact isotopic age for a CO₂ gas reservoir, which indicates that the ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar dating can serve as a new technique to date the oil/gas emplacement ages.     

GPS monitoring of the crustal motion in southwestern China

Through GPS carrier phases observation in southwestern China during 1991–1997, the velocity field within eastern Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) and its neighbour regions has been established. The velocity of those sites in and west of Chuan-Dian block is mostly 5–10 mm · a^™1 relative to the fiduciary station CHDU (Chengdu), and the motion in Chuan-Qing and Yangtze blocks east of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault is weak with a velocity of about 0–7 mm · a⁻¹. The velocity vector in these areas indicates a clockwise rotation vortex rather than the so-called intensive eastward pushing or eastward escape. The main pattern of the crustal deformation is a clockwise rotation vortex structure and a differential slip along the boundary fault between different blocks.     

四川盆地二叠系火山岩地震响应特征及分布规律

2018年底,川西南永探1井在二叠系钻遇火山岩储层,日产22. 5×104m3/d工业气流,使四川盆地火山岩成为目前重要的勘探接替领域。但由于钻井较少,研究程度低,火山岩厚度及岩相分布规律不清。充分利用地震信息,精细标定井下火山岩岩相与井旁地震响应特征,结合地震响应特征及层拉平剖面,建立了川西地区火山岩岩相地震识别模式。川西南地区有三种岩相,分别为火山岩喷溢相、火山岩溢流相和火山岩沉积相。通过对二、三维地震资料精细对比解释火山岩顶底界面,预测出川西地区火山岩岩相和厚度分布。综合顶部构造背景、火山岩相分布特征、钻井井下油气显示情况等因素,确定出川西南成都-简阳-三台地区火山岩油气勘探的有利区带,对于四川盆地火山岩油气勘探,提供了重要的支撑。     

Improved dehydriding property of polyvinylpyrrolidone coated Mg-Ni hydrogen storage nano-composite prepared by hydriding combustion synthesis and wet mechanical milling

In this work, polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) coated Mg_(95)Ni_5 nano-composites were prepared by hydriding combustion synthesis(HCS) plus wet mechanical milling(WM) with tetrahydrofuran(THF) and donated as WM-x wt% PVP(x = 1, 3, 5 and 7) respectively. The phase compositions, microstructures and dehydriding property, as well as the co-effect of PVP and THF were investigated in detail. XRD results showed that the average crystal size of MgH_2 in the milled Mg_(95)Ni_5 decreased from 23 nm without PVP to 18 nm with 1 wt% PVP. The peak temperature of dehydrogenation of MgH_2 in the milled Mg_(95)Ni_5 decreased from 293.0 ℃ without THF to 250.4 ℃ with THF. The apparent activation energy for decomposition of MgH_2 in WM-7 wt% PVP was estimated to be 66.94 kJ/mol, which is 37.70 kJ/mol lower than that of milled Mg_(95)Ni_5 without THF and PVP. PVP and THF can facilitate the refinement of particle size during mechanical milling process. Attributed to small particle sizes and synergistic effect of PVP and THF, the composites exhibit markedly improved dehydriding properties.     

海南岛东北海域海流和余流特征分析

【目的】研究海南岛东北海域的潮流、余流特征和分布规律。【方法】依据2017年6月在海南岛东北海域调查的夏季大潮实测海流数据,采用准调和分析方法分析实测数据,并根据该分析所得的一些参数分析研究区域的潮流性质、潮流运动形式、M2分潮潮流椭圆、潮流的垂直分布及夏季的余流分布。【结果】海南岛东北海域的潮流以不正规半日潮流为主;各站点潮流椭圆旋转率都较小,潮流运动形式以往复流为主,方向为NW—SE;除S4站以外,其余各站海流均为略带旋转的往复流,往复流的方向为NW—SE,旋转流的旋转方向为顺时针;研究海域表层余流大于中底层,近岸余流较弱,琼州海峡附近的站点余流最强;各站表、中、底层余流流向较一致,表层余流主要受风场的影响作用,底层余流主要受到底地形的影响。【结论】对调查区域的潮流、余流特性有了一个较为全面的认识。     

青藏高原改则火山岩地球化学特征

对分布于西藏改则地区班公湖-怒江缝合带的早白垩世去申拉组火山岩进行了岩石学、地球化学及大地构造研究。该区火山岩为一套低-中钾的中-基性钙碱性岩石,其中玄武岩原始岩浆来源于不均一地幔,安山岩岩浆由玄武岩岩浆结晶分异形成,岩浆在上升过程中未发生地壳混染作用;该区火山岩形成于早白垩世大陆板内裂谷构造背景下。     

塔南凹陷复杂岩性低渗透储层测井岩性识别

岩性识别是复杂岩性低渗透油藏高效开发中的关键地质难题,以塔南凹陷白垩系为例,探索了复杂岩性地层
的测井岩性识别方法。研究区白垩系正常陆源碎屑和火山碎屑物质同时沉积,铜钵庙组发育凝灰质砂砾岩、凝灰质砂
岩、沉凝灰岩、凝灰岩、砂岩、砾岩和泥岩7 种岩性类型,岩性复杂,储层物性差,岩性与电性对比度低。在不同岩性地
层测井响应特征研究的基础上,选择4 种测井曲线进行岩性综合解释,采用Fisher 判别方法达到减小同类岩性地层测
井响应差异,并增大不同岩性测井响应差异的目的,建立了研究区7 类岩性的判别函数,实现了非取芯井的测井岩性
识别,识别正确率达到98.1%,解决了复杂岩性低渗透储层中的测井岩性识别难题,为油藏开发提供了技术支持。     

Monitoring the concentration of N2O in the Fildes Peninsula, maritime Antarctica

Gases in the marine boundary layer in Fildes Peninsula, maritime Antarctica were sampled and analyzed for the first time. Sampling sites included areas covered by moss and lichen growth, penguin colonies and an area where scientific research stations are located. A total of 211 samples were analyzed for N₂O concentrations, with an average of (321.33±3.07) nL/L. This is above the global average value of 314 nL/L. It is found that the N₂O concentrations evidently increase during the summer months. Concentrations around the research stations are higher than at remote areas, indicating a potential source from human activities on the island. N₂O concentrations at a large penguin colony on Barton Peninsula are the highest among the sampled areas. This may explain why N₂O concentrations in Fildes Peninsula are higher than the global average. Our preliminary conclusions are that human activities and emissions from penguin dropping-amended soil and vegetation soil constitute the major sources of N₂O in the maritime Antarctic atmosphere.     

Deformation and damage behaviors of as-cast TiAl-Nb alloy during creep

By means of creep properties measurement and microstructure observation,the deformation and damage behavior of an as-cast TiAl-Nb alloy during creep at temperature near 750°C were investigated.The results showed that the microstructure of the alloy consisted of lamellarγ/α_2 phase,and the boundaries consisted ofγphase located in between lamellarγ/α_2 phases with different orientations.In the latter stage of creep,the dislocation networks appeared in the interfaces of lamellarγ/α_2 phases due to the coarsening of them,which made the coherent interface transforming into the semi-coherent one for reducing its adhesive strength.The deformation mechanism of the alloy during creep was twinning and dislocations slipping within lamellarγ/α_2 phases.In the later period of creep,significant amount of dislocations plied up in the interfaces of lamellarγ/α_2 phases,which may cause the stress concentration to promote the initiation and propagation of the cracks along the lamellarγ/α_2interfaces perpendicular to the stress axis.Wherein,some cracks on the various cross-sections were connected by tearing edge along the direction of maximum shear stress,up to the creep fracture,which is considered to be the damage and fracture mechanism of alloy during creep at 750°C.