生物反恐体系中应急救援网络协同动力学模型分析

为了应对生物反恐事件发生时对于应急救援物资的紧急需求,以传染病扩散模型作为研究出发点,应用复杂网络理论和协同学理论,建立了紧急救援物资的储备和配送模型,研究了生物反恐体系中应急救援网络的优化问题,并通过计算机模拟仿真分析了传染病扩散网络和应急物流网络之间的协同效应.仿真结果表明,应急救援物资的储备量正比于传染病扩散模型中疫苗接种率,而疫苗接种率以及紧急救援物资的运输时间对控制生物危险源的扩散均有显著的影响.     

考虑救援点资源分布的救援车辆路径优化

研究基于物资集散区的救援车辆路径优化问题,旨在有效利用救援系统资源,提高救援效率.灾害发生初期,每个救援点物资量和车辆运输能力具有不平衡性,针对该特点,从建立一个物资集散区角度出发,把所有救援点的救援车辆分为两类:第一类车辆负责将物资从救援点运往物资集散区,第二类车辆直接参与救援,若救援点物资不足,则从物资集散区获取物资以完成剩余救援任务.基于以上分析,以救援时间为优化目标,建立应急救援车辆路径模型并设计对应的模拟退火算法.算例分析表明,所提出的优化方法结果合理,可为实际决策提供有价值的参考.     

突发事件下多目标应急救援物资配送路径规划

突发事件发生后,选择最优应急救援物资配送路径提高物资配送的效率和效果,是应急决策者面临的主要问题。以最小化最晚车辆服务结束时间来提高物资配送的效率,以最小化需求未满足率来保证配送公平性,从而达到良好的配送效果。在配送中心唯一的情况下,考虑道路对车型限制、道路阻断修复和道路可靠性对路径的影响,建立多目标应急救援物资配送路径优化模型。设计优先邻点交叉算子来改进基于非支配解排序的遗传算法,提高了局部搜索能力和收敛速度,通过仿真实验验证了算法和模型的有效性,为决策者选择合适的车辆配送路径提供辅助决策作用。     

考虑路径风险的不确定需求应急物流定位-路径问题

针对突发事件发生后路网和救援物资需求的不确定性,考虑路径运行时间超期风险、路网通行能力风险、路径复杂性及应急物资需求不确定性,以应急物资运达总时间最小和系统总成本最小为目标,建立了基于随机机会约束规划的多目标应急物流定位-路径模型,设计了改进的遗传算法对其进行求解,采用罚函数法处理模型中的约束条件.算例分析验证了模型的合理性和算法的可行性.     

救灾物流配送路径决策研究

根据救灾应急物资运输调度的约束条件,构建具有多品种物资的混装模型,提出一种救灾物流网络配送路径决策方法.应用Matlab工具编写程序,实现基于遗传算法的救灾物流网络配送路径决策方法,并进行了算例验证.结果表明,该方法可以快速有效地确定救灾物流配送方案,解决了总运输成本最小的车辆路线优化决策求解问题.     

基于强化学习的应急物资动态模型配送算法优化

为了震后挽救更多人的生命,研究如何快速搭建应急救援物流系统,进行高效的应急物资配送,具有重大意义。通过已有的救灾体系数据库,再结合城市实时获取的卫星监测和微型传感器传输,所获取的道路状况和危险建筑等实时数据,进行全方位的强化学习模型优化训练,并且地震发生后的物资存储信息、救援点需求信息、物资装箱信息及配送路线规划,都由人工智能(artificial intelligence, AI)来进行自动分配,快速求得最优最快的物资配送方案。不仅路径配送实现优化,还确保物资运输的高效率,而且单位时间内被救援的受灾人数最多,以整个城市被救援人口的覆盖率为核心,做到根据实时动态数据的分析求解,动态调配物资,还做到救援受伤人员数量最大化。并通过优化城外救援物资,实时更改内部救援方案,提高救援效率,还提出救援优先级因子,为极端情况下的救援物资进行配比,提供合理技术支撑,最后计算得出优化的奖励方程。结果表明：通过对强化学习的应急物资动态模型配送算法进行优化,可大幅提高救援效率,尤其在地震发生初期,对挽救伤员的效果最佳。     

不确定应急物流LRP双目标优化模型

为了优化应急物资配送系统,提高配送的时效性和经济性,以总时间最短和总成本最小为目标,建立了不确定双目标机会约束优化模型,在这个模型中综合考虑了需求点的限制期要求以及需求点物资需求量的不确定性、两节点运输时间的不确定性、若干车辆容量的有限性和若干候选救援中心容量的有限性,并且假设救援车辆完成自身的任务后停靠在就近已经启用的救援中心;运用遗传算法求解该模型,并且利用惩罚函数的思想以及加权法对目标进行了处理,最后给出数值例子验证该模型和算法的有效性.     

基于非合作博弈的应急车辆调度与再配置

多事故多救援站点的应急车辆调度问题中,在处置当前事故时,若将空闲车辆再配置于救援站点,有利于对潜在事故的快速响应.文中采用双层规划理论和非合作博弈理论建立应急车辆调度与再配置模型.上层模型在事故需求和救援时间窗约束下,最小化当前事故响应时间;下层模型将各救援站点视为非合作博弈的局中人,综合考虑车辆再配置时间和救援站覆盖区域潜在风险,确定局中人的收益函数,将优化再配置策略转化为寻求非合作博弈的纳什均衡.然后,提出一种层次混合蛙跳算法,其中上层算法用于求解约束单目标规划问题,下层算法用于求解非合作博弈模型.求解事故算例证明了应急车辆调度与再配置模型的合理性和层次混合蛙跳算法的有效性.     

疫情期间应急物资车辆路径优化方法

在新冠肺炎疫情期间，全力保障应急物资流通，是保持生产生活平稳有序运行的先行条件。本文建立基于智慧物流系统的应急物资车辆运输系统架构，实现物流信息透明化。并基于百度地图实时监测道路拥堵情况，结合头脑风暴算法内核，根据实况路网模型求解带时间窗的应急物资车辆调度模型，使用Matlab工具结合隔离点实际地理坐标经纬度对其路径规划方案进行仿真，实现应急物资流通过程的数据交互和车辆调度方案的实时调整。该方法改善了疫情期间应急物资的运输效率。     

考虑需求紧迫度的区域应急物资配送优化——以上海市为例

为提高应急工作的救援效率、应急物资运送的时效性,提出在受灾点需求紧迫度影响下的应急物资配送路径优化模型。建立受灾点需求紧迫度评价体系,利用熵权TOPSIS法求出受灾点的需求紧迫度。将需求紧迫度引入路径优化模型,在尽可能满足受灾点需求紧迫度优先级的情况下,构建总成本最低与应急物资运输时间最短的双目标路径优化模型,设计改进遗传-模拟退火组合算法求解。以上海市为算例背景,运用MATLAB进行仿真,研究结果表明：考虑需求紧迫度模型的总成本比不考虑需求紧迫度模型的总成本减少了13.48%,缩短了应急物资运输时间,遗传-模拟退火组合算法可以在保证收敛速度较快的前提下,较好地实现搜索全局最优的目标。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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