聚间苯二甲酰对氨基苯砜的合成与表征

以4,4′-二氨基二苯基砜（4,4′-DDS）和间苯二甲酰氯（IPC）为单体,通过低温缩聚反应合成出了一系列含砜基的高分子量聚砜酰胺,并用IR和1HNMR光谱对这些聚合物进行了结构表征,用乌氏粘度计和CMT-8500电子万能试验机等对聚合物的分子量和力学性能等进行了表征.实验结果表明：随着分子量的增大,聚芳砜酰胺的弹性模量、拉伸强度等力学性能也随之增大;分子高度取向的聚芳砜酰胺纤维比分子非取向的聚芳砜酰胺膜有更好的机械性能.分子量大小对聚芳砜酰胺纤维的力学性能有更大的影响.     

双酚溶液脱盐法合成聚芳砜的研究(Ⅰ)聚芳砜004的合成

本文报导了双酚溶液脱盐路线研制聚芳砜004小试实验结果,讨论了工业环丁砜溶剂的提纯精制,回收溶剂的处理及循环使用;带水剂的选择和加量;成盐反应中的加碱量;K_2CO_3的调节作用;聚合反应的分子量控制以及改善聚芳砜004产品的热稳定性等问题,订定了聚芳砜004粘度公式[η]=kM_n~a中的k,α值(k=6.04×10~(-5),α=0.86,1％DMF,在25℃)。     

聚羟基醚砜的分子量分布及溶度参数的测定

本文研究了用相转移催化剂合成的高分子量的聚羟基醚砜的分子量分布,建立了聚羟基醚砜在N,N—二甲基甲酰胺淋洗液中的GPC标定曲线,本文还测定了聚羟基醚砜的溶度参数并取得了与理论计算值一致的结果。     

杂环聚芳醚砜、聚芳醚酮及其共聚物合成与性能研究

以自制的新型类双酚化合物4-（2-甲基-4-羟基苯基）-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮（mM-HPPZ)为单体,与4,4′-二氟二苯酮,4,4′-二氯二苯砜进行溶液缩聚反应,合成了一类新型间甲基取代聚芳醚砜（PPES）、聚芳醚酮（PPEK）及其共聚物聚芳醚砜酮（PPESK,n(S)/n(K)=1/1)材料,并对其聚合条件作了初步探讨;利用核磁共振、红外光谱分析研究了双酚单体及其聚合物的结构,利用DSC、TGA对聚合物的耐热性能进行了分析。实验结果表明,该类双酚单体具有与双酚类似的活性,可以进行聚合反应,新型间甲基取代聚芳醚玻璃化转变温度高（Tg=520-558K);耐热稳定性好,其在氮气氛下5%热失重温度为693K左右,合成的间甲基取代聚芳醚砜、聚芳醚酮及其共聚物聚芳醚砜酮在氯仿、四氯乙烷、四氢呋喃和酰胺类溶剂中可溶解成膜。     

聚苯乙烯大单体及其与丙烯酸丁酯接枝共聚物的合成和鉴定

按阴离子活性聚合的方法,以正丁基锂为引发剂,合成了一系列不同分子量、大分子链端带有甲基丙烯酰基的聚苯乙烯大单体。大单体的分子量可通过引发剂浓度控制,分子量分布较窄。以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂合成了聚苯乙烯大单体-丙烯酸丁酯的梳形接技共聚物(热塑性弹性体),并考察了大单体与丙烯酸丁酯溶液共聚合反应的能力。用GPC和紫外光谱对共聚物进行了确证,并测定了梳形共聚物的平均组成、数均支化度与支化度系数。按此,只要控制聚合反应条件、用一系列不同分子量的大单体与丙烯酸丁酯共聚,就能合成一系列预期侧链长度、数均支化度与支化度系数的梳形共聚物,由此就能达到高分子分子设计的目的。     

聚砜在四氢呋喃中的普适标定

用高效体积排斥色谱法、小角激光光散射法和稀溶液粘度法研究了聚砜和聚苯乙烯在四氢呋喃中的稀溶液性质。结果表明,此两种聚合物遵从共同的流体力学体积普适标定关系。订定了聚苯乙烯在四氢呋喃中25℃时的Mark-Houwink方程。用Stockmayer-Fixman理论估算了聚苯乙烯的无扰尺寸。     

降冰片烯大分子单体开环易位聚合制备PEG取代的接枝共聚物

先用酯化的方法合成了含有聚乙二醇(PEG)的降冰片烯大分子单体, 再用开环易位聚合方法使大分子单体聚合, 得到了PEG取代的聚降冰片烯接枝共聚物. 并通过凝胶渗透色谱法（GPC）研究合成的接枝共聚物分子量及分子量分布情况. 结果表明： 聚合物的数均分子量为1.0万~4.4万; 分子量分布为1.11~1.22, 并且聚合物的分子量分布随［M］/［I］的增加而变窄.     

双酚溶液脱盐法合成聚芳砜的研究(Ⅱ)——聚芳砜004的加工工艺条件

本文报导了聚芳砜004加工工艺条件的试验结果,讨论了聚芳砜004的加工工艺条件与产品性能的关系。初步确定出聚芳砜的最佳加工工艺条件是:料筒温度:320℃左右,模具温度:140℃左右,注射压力:50kg/cm~2(换算成比压为1090kg/cm~2左右),为使用单位提供了合理的加工工艺参数。     

聚苯乙烯大单体与甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚合动力学研究

用阴离子活性聚合的方法合成了不同分子量的聚苯乙烯大单体。测定了大单体(M_1)-MMA(M_2)在AIBN引发下溶液共聚时的表观竞聚率,发现它们与大单体的分子量无关,但温度对r_(2,app)有很大影响、(r_(1,app)=0.70℃时r_(2,app)=0.32±0.07,75℃时r_(2,app)=0.53±0.13),这一现象与链增长过程中的扩散因素有关。进一步测定了两种单体的共聚速率、表观活化能与共聚物的分子量,测得了末端为甲基丙烯酸申酯的增长链与大单体的交叉增长反应速率。实验发现在较宽的转化率范围内,大单体的共聚速率与其在体系中的浓度无关,我们认为这种反常的动力学行为是由于大单体在溶液中的形态以及大分子链之间相互缔合所致。通过不同的方法测定了同样条件下台成的大单体与聚苯乙烯的分子量,间接证实大单体在稀溶液中以弱的缔合体形式存在。     

烯丙基缩水甘油醚与丙烯酸甲酯的活性聚合

研究了在咪唑基二硫代甲酸苄酯的存在下,热引发烯丙基缩水甘油醚与丙烯酸甲酯的活性自由基聚合反应.实验结果表明,共聚合反应具有良好的活性特征.聚合物分子量随单体转化率线性增长,分子量分布窄,ln([M]0/[M])与聚合反应时间呈线性关系.聚合物结构分析证明生成了含有环氧官能团的聚丙烯酸甲酯.烯丙基缩水甘油醚在聚合物中的含量随着转化率和它在单体中比例的增加而增加.不过当单体中烯丙基缩水甘油醚的比例增大时,反应速率降低.利用聚苯乙烯大分子控制剂,合成了含有环氧官能团的两嵌段共聚物,即聚苯乙烯-聚(烯丙基缩水甘油醚/丙烯酸甲酯)(PS-b-P(MA-co-AGE)).     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.