龙胜里骆林区森林鸟类群落研究

本文对龙胜里骆林区的四种不同植被类型:灌丛—经济林、针叶林、针叶—阔叶混交林和常绿阔叶林中的鸟类群落作了研究,结果表明:阔叶林鸟类群落的鸟种多样性最高(3.14),针叶林鸟类群落的鸟种多样性最低(1.94)。造成这种状况的原因是林型间结构的差异,而不是海拔高度的变化和人类活动的干扰;单纯针叶林生境结构简单,因而栖息于其中的鸟类较少。文中还讨论了鸟类群落与森林虫害的关系。     

狮子关库区森林群落演替过程和结构动态

对狮子关库区森林群落演替过程和结构动态进行了研究。结果表明：1）演替过程包括从针叶林阶段，以针叶树为主的针阔混交林阶段到顶极常绿阔叶林阶段等6个过程；2）演替过程中不同群落的物种多样性和均匀度呈现规律性变化；3）演替主要标志体现在乔木林层优势树种的更替和物种分布格局的变动方面。     

四川丘陵地区鸟类群落结构的研究

对四川省丘陵地区的鸟类资源进行初步调查，报道的110种鸟类中，以阔叶林最多，占67种，针叶林最少，占17种。分析其生境状况，多样性指数和丰富度指数以阔叶林最大，农田灌丛荒地最小。同时，分析了各群落的相似性，讨论了影响鸟类群落结构的各种因素和鸟类的经济意义。     

北仑河口国家级自然保护区冬季鸟类多样性水平梯度研究

在北仑河口国家级自然保护区,根据地貌沿着水平梯度,将鸟类生境划分为滩涂、红树林、虾塘、农田和树林灌丛5种类型,运用α、β多样性指数研究保护区内冬季鸟类的多样性。结果表明,5种生境的鸟类多样性顺序为:树林灌丛>红树林>农田>虾塘>滩涂;同时,随着生境沿着水平梯度由滩涂逐渐向树林灌丛过渡,生境间的物种数呈现出增加的趋势,共有种逐渐减少,而新增加和减少的物种则逐渐增多,反映出沿着水平梯度,生境间的差异是逐渐增大的。     

缙云山常绿阔叶林次生演替序列群落物种多样性动态研究

采用物种丰富度Ｓ和物种多样性香农指数Ｈ、物种均匀度指数Ｊ以多样性－面积曲线研究缙云山常绿阔叶林次生演替序列物种多样性近十年的变化,结果表明,１０年后,群落各层物种多样性指数均有下降趋势,草本层下降最为明显;群落及乔、灌木层的多样性指数（Ｓ,Ｈ,Ｊ）在演替中后期阶段均呈下降趋势,而演替前期的马尾松和林龄较短的混交林Ⅰ却有上升趋势;群落各层多样性最小面积按马尾松林、混交林到常绿阔叶林顺序增长,两个混交     

宁夏阅海国家湿地公园春季鸟类物种多样性及群落组成

2018年2月24日至5月5日,对宁夏阅海国家湿地公园及周边环境的鸟类种类及数量进行了调查.当地及周边生境主要包括水域、草本沼泽、绿化带、农田4种,在4种生境分别设置样带或样点进行观察.主要观察鸟类的物种和数量,并分别从鸟类的物种组成、居留型、分布型、保护级别、生态型、生境及群落多样性及鸟类动态等角度进行多方面分析.共进行11次调查,记录到鸟类96种,属15目,34科.采用Shannon-wiener指数和Pielou指数来分析当地春季鸟类的物种多样性和均匀性.研究发现宁夏阅海国家湿地公园春季鸟类物种多样性和均匀性较高,但稳定性较差,自然环境因素和人为干扰因素对鸟类栖息影响很大.最后针对鸟类保护提出建议.     

陕西子午岭森林群落的物种多样性研究

以黄土高原子午岭地区9种典型森林群落为研究对象,采用Simpson优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数和β多样性指数对该地区主要森林群落的物种多样性进行了分析.结果显示:子午岭地区多样性指数总体上呈现出天然混交林天然纯林人工林的特点,天然林群落的物种多样性高于人工林;在群落垂直层次多样性上,该地区各森林群落类型的多样性指数和物种丰富度总体上呈现出灌木层草本层乔木层的趋势;在演替系列中,演替中期或中后期的森林群落类型具有相对较高的物种多样性;在β多样性上,森林群落之间的相异性普遍较低,但人工刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)林与其他群落的物种组成存在较大差别.     

贵州安龙十里荷塘4种生境冬季林鸟群落结构差异性

为了探究贵州省安龙十里荷塘林鸟的分布情况,2013—2015年的1月采用样线法对研究区域的村寨、树林、农田和蔬菜地4种生境中的林鸟进行调查.共记录到鸟类56种1 193只,隶属7目22科.不同生境样线之间鸟类数量平均值排序从大到小依次为:村寨、树林、农田和蔬菜地.Michaelis-Menten fit模型显示,鸟类物种累计从高到低依次为:树林、村寨、农田和蔬菜地.4种生境中均为食虫鸟类种类最多.树林的多样性指数、优势度和均匀度指数均最高,农田的均最低.鸟类群落的Sφrensen相似性系数在村寨—树林生境问最高;Morisita-Horn相似性系数在村寨—农田和蔬菜地—农田生境之间并列最高.食物资源和植被结构是影响该区域冬季林鸟分布的重要因素.建议增加树林生境中乔木的种类,禁止捕杀鸟类活动,并提倡在当地建立鸟类保护站.     

张家口崇礼区森林生物多样性及其垂直分布格局

选择张家口崇礼区东部山林,沿海拔高度设置样地,开展森林植被组成结构调查,分析其植被特征和生物多样性沿海拔高度的垂直分布规律.结果表明：森林植被类型以白桦为优势种的落叶阔叶林为主,随着山地海拔升高,逐渐演变为以华北落叶松为优势种的针叶林和针叶阔叶混交林.森林木本植物的物种多样性沿海拔高度呈现出先升高、后降低的变化趋势,多样性最大值区域位于海拔1900 m;森林物种丰富度主要受灌木层物种变化的影响.森林地表枯落物在海拔1500 m和1900 m样地积累较多,乔木植物对地表枯落物的贡献较大.     

三峡库区不同生境类型蝶类多样性调查及分析 (三峡地区资源环境生态研究)

1998—2003年对长江三峡库区阔叶林、灌丛、林缘灌丛、农田、草地等5种不同生境类型蝴蝶分布状况进行调查。获得蝴蝶7 853只,隶属12科157属380种。蛱蝶科蝴蝶的属、种和个体数均为最多,说明此类群最适应库区当前的环境条件;珍蝶、喙蝶、绢蝶等科蝶类是三峡库区的稀有类群,也是库区蝶类生物多样性保护的关键类群。阔叶林、灌丛、林缘灌丛是该区域物种多样性的重要生境,特别是灌丛类生境。各类型生境的多样性指数,灌丛(0.584 5)和农田(0.474 0)的年间波动较小,草地(0.329 8)的年间波动较大。在5种类型中,灌丛的蝶类多样性指数(0.584 5)相对较高,是库区内最适于蝴蝶生存的生境。研究表明蝴蝶分布特征与生境关系密切,植被类型越接近、空间复杂程度越相似的生境,其蝴蝶生态分布特征越相似。蝴蝶生境保护对于三峡库区蝶类多样性保护具有重要意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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