藏族天文历算日月食预报系统研究

藏族在天文历算学方面的研究具有悠久的历史,有丰富的文献资料和长期的实践经验.其采用描述式的算法,通过口诀、表格、事例进行推算.文章给出日月食预报的计算步骤及一些重要数据的算法设计.     

日月食观测在科学研究上的意义

阐述了日月食观测在研究太阳大气结构、太阳活动，寻找近日彗星和水内行星，检验广义相对论理论以及校正历史中年日次序诸多方面的价值．     

南北朝日月食记录

梳理南北朝时期天象记录的文献来源,对这一时期的日食、月食记录进行全面的搜集、勘误和统计分析。研究了这些记录的文献来源、时间分布、覆盖率和记录特征。南朝正确记录日食25条,占实际发生的40%;月食正确记录23条,占实际发生的14%;北朝日食51条,占65%,月食56条,占29%。     

中国古代日食食限与食分算法

中国古代天文学家设计的食分算法与食限的大小及定义方式密切相关,而后者又受到月亮视差的影响,因此,传统历法中日食食分的计算是一个比较复杂的问题。中国古代天文学家将日食食限定义为日食视食甚时刻视月亮到视黄白交点的距离,使得他们所设计的日食食分算法具有明晰的天文意义。在论述中国历法家对日食食限的定义方法以及基于这种定义而给出的简明的日食食分算法的基础上,将中国古代日食食限与食分算法的历史沿革划分为三大阶段。     

厄尔尼诺事件和强潮汐与日本樱岛火山爆发的对应关系

日、地、月和行星相对位置的变化决定了潮汐的强度。其变化规模与全球灾害变化周期相对应。强潮汐加大垂直方向和水平方向海水的混合，使西太平洋和北太平洋暖水变冷水位下降，使东南太平洋冷水变暖水位上升，海温均衡运动和水均衡运动形成厄尔尼诺事件和相应的构造活动。天文和火山资料表明。行星冲日、近地潮、日月大潮、日食、月食的叠加所形成的强潮汐和厄尔尼诺事件与日本樱岛火山的爆发时间有非常好的对应关系。     

《崇天历》的日食推步术北大核心CSCDCSSCI

文章详细解读了《宋史》所记载的《崇天历》有关日食计算的算法术文和天文常数,并根据《崇天历》日食推算过程给出其完整的日食推算公式。作为一个算例,使用《崇天历》计算了天圣二年五月朔的日食情况,展示了这次日食推算的完整过程。与《纪元历》的日食算法比较,对《崇天历》的算法给出综合评价,指出《崇天历》的日食算法是合理的,但还不够优化。相比《纪元历》,《崇天历》的日食算法更为简单和粗糙,但其入交定日算法却比《纪元历》的更接近重建模型。     

隔日限食强制换羽试验

<正> 100只64周龄依萨褐产蛋鸡,换羽前产蛋率43%,鸡场自行配方,包米60%,麸皮6%,葵花渣5%,鱼粉6%,骨粉4%,面粉3%,氯化胆碱0.5克,蛋氨酸0.03%,赖氨酸0.03%,添加剂1.5公斤,盐300克,多维素0.2克.方法换羽试验前五天,每只鸡日粮内增加饲喂45克粗贝壳粉,光照24小时.第五天称重50只鸡,重量为91.8公斤,平均体重1.836公斤.五天产蛋215枚,平均产蛋率43%.     

罗睺与交食算法设计

罗睺与交食是藏传时轮历的核心部分,它预报日月食的食限数值、交食发生的时刻、食延时间、食分大小、入食方向等等。本文给出日月食预报的计算步骤以及一些重要数据的算法设计。     

限食程度对KM小鼠体重和能量代谢的影响

为阐明体重和能量代谢的生理调节对动物适应食物短缺的作用和意义,将成年KM小鼠按自由取食量的75%和50%随机限食四周,再重喂食四周.分别测定了摄食量、基础代谢率(BMR)和脂肪含量.限食75%和50%使BMR和消化道重量显著增加,体重、胴体重、脂肪含量显著降低;重喂食后,BMR和体重恢复到对照组水平,脂肪含量显著高于对照组.结果表明,动物通过能量代谢和体重调节以适应不同程度的食物资源短缺的应激环境,通过增加身体能量贮存以增强应对食物短缺的适应能力.     

日食发生条件的计算

从天文学角度对日食形成原理及其形成条件进行了研究计算，认为日食形成的两个条件－－月球黄纬条件与日食限角条件分别从不同角度反映了日食时月球距黄道的角距离或太阳距黄白交点的角距离，直接或间接地体现了它们与黄白交胆、日月视半径及其地平视差的关系。而日月视半径及其地平视差又随日地距离与月地距离的变动而变化，黄白交角也是变动的。因此，从根本上讲，日食时月球黄纬与日食限角的大小均取决于黄白交角的大小及日地距离与月地距离的远近，两者本质上一致的。     

Gravity anomaly during the Mohe total solar eclipse

By using a high-precision LaCoste-Romberg (D-122#) gravimeter, continuous and precise measurements were carried out during the March 9, 1997 total solar eclipse in the Mohe region in Northeast China. The gravity variations were digitally recorded during the total solar eclipse so as to investigate the possible anomaly of the sun and the moon’s gravitational fields on the earth. After the careful processing and analysis of the observed data, no significant anomaly during the very solar eclipse has been found. However, there are two ‘gravity anomaly valleys’ with near symmetrical decrease of about 6–7 μGal at the first contact and the last contact. This is the anomaly phenomenon observed and reported for the first time in the literature. This note presents some analyses and discussions.     

Coronal structure and brightness profile of the total solar eclipse on August 1, 2008

Solar corona is the outermost part of the solar atmosphere. Coronal activities influence space environment between the Sun and the Earth, space weather and the Earth itself. The total solar eclipse （TSE） is the best opportunity to observe the solar corona on ground. During the TSE 2008, a series of images of the corona and partial eclipse of solar disk were obtained using telescope and CCD camera. After image processing, preliminary results of coronal structure are given, and radial brightness profiles of the corona in directions of pole and equator of the Sun are measured. Though in solar activity minimum, the shape and structure of the corona are not symmetry. The equatorial regions are more extent than the polar one, and there are also larger differences between the east and west equatorial regions and between the south and north polar regions. Coronal streamers on east side of the equator, particularly the largest one in east-south direction, are very obvious. The coronal plume in south polar region consists of more polar rays than that in north polar region. These structures are also shown in other observations and data of SOHO. The radial brightness profiles in directions of pole and equator are similar to those of the Van de Hulst model in solar minimum, but there are a few differences due to coronal activity, which is shown in the isophote map of the corona.     

探月飞行中太阳帆航天器帆面光学性能演化

介绍了太阳帆航天器在进行探月飞行时,非理想帆面的推力计算;重点分析了在轨长时间运行时空间环境对帆面光学系数及轨道漂移的影响.计算结果表明,太阳帆光学性能的退化对总推力、特征加速度和光压数的演化不可忽视,高精度深空探测轨道的设计要考虑空间环境因素.     

《明天历》日食算法分析

目的用数学公式将《明天历》的日食算法表达出来,并指出其天文学意义。方法文献分析与数学建模。结果《明天历》先求得合朔时交点离开冬至点的距离以及太阳到冬至点的距离,两者的差值就是"去交度分";常数中的"朔差"是一个朔望月中交点退行的距离;它以恒星年而不以回归年入算以及用太阳的去交分代替月亮的去交分都是其去交度分算法的不足之处。《明天历》的食甚时刻仅是对经朔时刻加入日月不均匀运动有关的修正,没有进行时差的修正。其他算法与主流算法基本相同。结论《明天历》的日食算法在宋代是比较特殊的,这些特殊之处大部分是正确的、合理的,但某些算法中仍存在不足。     

Tomographic Study of Ionospheric Effects Associated with a Solar Eclipse

This paper studies the ionospheric effects associated with the solar eclipse of October 24th, 1995 by means of Computerized Ionospheric Tomography (CIT). Since the reconstructed profiles from experimental CIT are sporadically located in time, a time domain interpolation method based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) technique is proposed and applied to extract the ionospheric effects. The effects can be extracted by comparison analysis between the interpolated CIT profiles of the eclipse days and that of the reference day that are time-aligned. A series of figs have been obtained showing the attenuation of photonization effect at low altitudes and the weakening of plasma's transportation process at high altitudes, etc. The photonization effect recovered to normal level soon after the last contact. The maximum electron density diminishing is observed about 2 h after the eclipse maximum and the effects seem vanished in the hours followed. Analysis on vertical TEC's latitudinal-temporal variation gives     

Ionospheric responses to a total solar eclipse deduced by the GPS beacon observations

The total electron content (TEC) data during the total eclipse of March 9, 1997 were collected, which were observed by means of nine GPS receivers located at the eastern Asia. The responses of total TEC to the eclipse were analyzed. The results show that: 1) the eclipse led to apparent decrement in TEC that lasted for six to eight hours; 2) the maximum decrement occurred after the middle of the eclipse with time-delays varying from twenty minutes to about three hours; 3) the maximum absolute deviations of TEC on the eclipse day do not show a simple and consistent relationship to the maximum solar obscuration. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(49684002) Biography: CHEN An-hua (1976-), female, Master candidate. Research interests: studying ionosphere by GPS beacons.     

古代巴比伦塞琉古王朝时期食分算法初探

目的 探讨古代巴比伦塞琉古王朝时期(312B．C．-64B．C．)食分算法的合理性。方法 将古代巴比伦的食分算法与现代天意义下的食分算法进行比较。结果 给出了古代巴比伦的食分算法的几何解释；证明了古代巴比伦对食分的定义和现代天学关于食分的定义等价；证明了古代巴比伦的食分算法和北魏张龙祥《正光历》(522A．D．)推月食食分的算法形异实同；在巴比伦的食分算法模型下，求出了日月食限，分析了食分和食限所达到的精度。结论 古代巴比伦食分算法的数学模型是合理的，在此理论支持下所计算出的食分和食限是比较精确的。