电刷镀纳米晶Ni-Co合金镀层组织结构与性能的研究

采用可溶性阳极电刷镀技术制备Ni-Co合金镀层,利用用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)等方法研究合金元素钴对镀层组织结构和性能的影响.结果表明:刷镀工艺下制备的镍钴合金镀层的晶粒尺寸都是纳米级;镍钴合金镀层都是单相面心立方固溶体结构,合金元素Co在镀层中具有固溶强化和细化晶粒的作用,随Co含量的增加,刷镀层的晶粒尺寸减小,硬度提高,耐磨性与耐腐蚀性能提高.     

冷轧变形Co40NiCrMo微观组织和力学性能

采用金相显微镜、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和拉伸试验研究了冷轧变形对Co40NiCrMo合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:Co40NiCrMo合金的冷轧变形方式主要是滑移和孪生;孪晶的交互作用使得合金的晶粒有效尺寸减小,组织细化;冷轧变形程度比较小时,合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度随着变形程度的增大急剧增加,相应地,延伸率显著下降;变形程度超过30%后,强度增加比较缓慢,延伸率也变化地很少;断口分析显示,冷轧变形程度对合金的断裂性能影响很大,随着变形量的增大,合金断裂由韧性断裂过渡到脆性断裂;孪晶的产生和孪晶的交互作用是合金变形强化的主要原因。     

沉积参数对Ni-Co镀层成分及微观结构影响研究

通过硫酸盐体系脉冲电沉积制备Ni-Co合金镀层,用附有能谱(EDS)的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X-射线衍射仪(XRD)对沉积过程中CoSO4添加浓度、阴极电流密度及脉冲频率的变化对Ni-Co合金镀层成分及微观结构的影响进行了实验研究,并且测量了不同钴含量镀层的硬度值,分析了镀层硬度变化的微观机理.结果表明,CoSO4添加浓度的增加及脉冲频率的增加,会使镀层中钴含量增加;而阴极电流密度的增大,会使镀层中钴含量降低.增大镀液中CoSO4添加浓度、降低阴极电流密度和提高脉冲频率有利于提高镀层的平整度和致密性,但过高的脉冲频率会使镀层表面由最初的球状晶簇群变为分支针状晶簇群;随着镀液中CoSO4添加浓度的增加,镀层微观结构由面心立方(fcc)结构转变为面心立方和密排六方(fcc+hcp)的混合结构;镀层硬度随着镀层钴含量的增加,先增大后减小.     

低温球磨制备纳米晶Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金

利用低温液氮球磨技术制备了Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金纳米晶粉末,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)对材料在球磨过程中的晶粒尺寸和微观应变进行了研究,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和差热分析(DSC)等测试方法研究了材料的固态相变以及热稳定性.研究表明,粉末晶粒尺寸随着球磨的进行逐渐减小,球磨10h后晶粒尺寸达到45nm;微观应变随着球磨的进行逐渐增大.粉末球磨过程中,MgZn2相逐渐减少,合金元素过饱和固溶于α-Al晶格之中.球磨10h后仅有少量的MgZn2相存在.制备的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu纳米晶粉末在低于709K下加热,粉末晶粒长大速度较慢,表明Al-Zn-Mg-Cu纳米晶粉末具有较高的热稳定性.     

Mg-xZn-Y合金显微组织、力学性能与导热性能研究

研究了Zn含量以及定向凝固拉伸速度对Mg-Zn-Y合金显微组织、力学性能和导热性能的影响。结果表明,Mg-x Zn-Y(x=1,3,5%)合金组织主要由α-Mg相与Mg3Zn6Y相组成。随着随着Zn含量的增多,晶粒细化;定向凝固使组织由等轴晶或树枝晶向柱状晶转变,随着拉伸速度的增大,柱状晶宽度变窄。铸态合金的室温力学性能随着Zn含量的增加而增大,定向凝固合金的室温力学性能随着拉伸速度的增大而增大,当拉伸速度为100 um/s时,抗拉强度达到了260.2 MPa,相比于铸态合金,提高了44.1%;伸长率达到了14.46%,相比于铸态合金,提高了61.7%.铸态合金的热导率随着Zn含量的增加而减小,定向凝固合金的热导率随着拉伸速度的增大而减小,但是,相比于铸态合金,定向凝固合金的热导率均有所提高。     

电沉积工艺参数对纳米晶镍层显微硬度及沉积速率的影响

采用脉冲电沉积法制备纳米晶镍层,利用高分辨透射电镜和显微硬度计对其微观结构和显微硬度进行了表征分析.结果表明：随电流密度和糖精钠含量的提高,纳米晶镍的显微硬度均呈现先增加后减小的趋势,当糖精钠含量为10 g/L,电流密度为10 A/dm2时达到最大值;显微硬度与平均晶粒尺寸的关系基本符合Hall-Petch方程;电沉积速率随电流密度的增加呈线性增长趋势,糖精钠的加入会提高沉积速率,但浓度的继续增加对沉积速率的影响不明显.     

Mg-6Zn-(Al,Ca)镁合金显微组织及力学性能

利用WD-10A电子拉伸试验机和RD2-3型蠕变试验机对Mg-6Zn-(Al,Ca)系列镁合金的力学拉伸强度及高温蠕变性能进行测试,研究其显微组织对高温性能的影响,并利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析等方法进行分析表征.研究结果表明,Mg-6Zn-2Al-0.3Mn(ZA62)具有较好的综合力学性能,其铸态显微组织主要由α-Mg基体和致密片状Mg51Zn20共晶相组成.少量Ca加入ZA62合金后,抑制了Mg51Zn20相的析出,并代之形成了含Ca的MgZn相和τ相.随Ca加入量增加,晶间相的数量增加,合金组织中出现另一热稳定四元Mg-Zn-Al-Ca化合物相.当w(Ca)>0.5%时,合金晶粒显著细化.随Ca含量增加,合金常温拉伸强度和塑性呈下降趋势,基体显微硬度减小.加入Ca提高了合金高温拉伸强度,改善了合金蠕变性能.在175℃/70 MPa条件下,合金蠕变性能受合金晶粒尺寸影响,随晶粒尺寸的减小,蠕变变形量增加.     

载荷对纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响

用脉冲电沉积技术制备表面平整光亮的纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层.采用XRD、TEM、SEM、EDS等方法研究了纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层的微观组织结构、表面形貌和合金成分.研究了干滑动摩擦条件下纳米晶镀层的摩擦磨损性能、磨损后的组织结构和硬度的变化.结果表明：纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层的晶体结构为单相面心立方结构.镀层的摩擦系数和磨损量随着摩擦载荷的提高而增大,即镀层的耐磨性随载荷的提高而下降.摩擦磨损使纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层发生晶粒长大,摩擦载荷越大,磨损后镀层的硬度越低.     

Ni对铝热反应制备块体纳米晶Fe_3Al材料力学性能的影响

通过铝热反应熔化方法制备Ni质量分数分别为5%、10%、15%的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料,研究材料在室温压缩和弯曲下的力学性能及硬度.结果表明,所制备材料的平均晶粒尺寸均约为21 nm;随着合金元素Ni质量分数的增加,材料的硬度和屈服强度δ0.2逐渐增大;材料在弯曲实验中均表现为脆性断裂,弯曲强度随Ni含量的增加先增大后减小,w(Ni)=10%的材料弯曲强度最大,为328.7 MPa.     

面心立方结构Fe0.1Co0.9/Al2O3纳米复合材料结构和磁性研究

采用溶胶—凝胶法及在氢气中还原的工艺得到面心立方结构的Fe0.1Co0.9/Al2O3纳米复合粉末,利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、振动样品磁强计对样品微观结构和磁性进行了研究.结果表明FeCo合金以面心立方结构存在于纳米复合材料中.由于Co的掺入,FeCo合金的晶粒尺寸下降而晶格常数增大.另外,由于磁矩和晶粒尺寸的变化导致FeCo合金的饱和磁化强度下降而矫顽力增加.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that