向日葵Pst Ⅰ和Mse Ⅰ内切酶组合AFLP标记体系的建立及引物筛选

 为建立并优化适合向日葵的Pst Ⅰ 和Mse Ⅰ 组合的AFLP 技术体系, 为下一步构建遗传连锁图谱及开展分子标记辅助育种奠定基础, 对向日葵基因组DNA 提取方法、酶切连接体系和选择性扩增程序的影响因素进行优化, 并对适合向日葵AFLP 分析的引物组合进行筛选。结果表明, 模板DNA 的提取采用改进CTAB 法, 酶切连接采用一步法反应14 h, 在选择性扩增体系20 μL中, Mg²⁺和dNTP 浓度分别为2 mmol/L 和0.3 mmol/L, 选扩引物的浓度为0.6 mmol/L, 预扩增产物最适稀释倍数为30 倍。同时筛选出了稳定且多态性丰富的48 对适合向日葵AFLP 分析的引物组合。     

半随机单引物PCR扩增产物的特异性研究

以Ｍ１３ｍｐ１９为模板,寡核苷酸“１２２４”为引物,进行半随机单引物ＰＣＲ扩增;分析其扩增产物的限制性内切酶酶切图谱,推定它们分别在Ｍ１３ｍｐ１９序列中的确切位置;证实引物“１２２４”的３端与模板Ｍ１３ｍｐ１９负链的互补结合,至少需有连续的４上个核苷酸,才能产生单引物ＰＣＲ扩增的模板分子,进行有效的ＰＣＲ扩增,并由此决定了扩增产物中各ＤＮＡ片段的大小及其在模板ＤＮＡ序列中的特定位置。     

二硫键寡核苷酸Microarray用于丙型肝炎病毒检测及HCV1b分型的研究

利用二硫键法制作寡核苷酸DNA Microarray,并将该技术应用到HCV检测中,建立了一种快速、灵敏、安全的寡核苷酸DNA Microarray丙肝病毒检测体系。该体系还可同时对占中国丙肝病毒75％左右的HCV1b亚型进行分型。另外,在丙肝病毒基因组RNA反转录的过程中采用随机引物,从而为进一步的多种肝炎病毒的寡核苷酸DNA Microarray混合检测奠定了基础。     

黄瓜杂交种子纯度的RAPD鉴定

鉴定和分析了黄瓜品种真实性，并建立了应用于鉴定亲本及其杂交种子的RAPD指纹图谱。从102条引物中筛选出了应用于黄瓜种子纯度鉴定的引物32条：13条偏母型引物，9条偏父型引物，5条互补型引物，2条特异型引物及3条缺失型引物。利用4条引物S293，SS87，S297，S300鉴定3份黄瓜种子的纯度，在94粒种子中有父本混杂2粒，母本混杂1粒及6粒其它种子混杂，从而表明该份黄瓜种子的纯度为90．04％。建立了黄瓜早青二号父本T03雄性系、早青二号母本B35雌性系以及其杂交种子的RAPD的指纹图谱。     

中国鲎微卫星引物扩增圆尾鲎DNA的PCR反应体系优化

采用正交设计法,从dNTPs浓度、引物浓度、Mg2+浓度、Taq DNA聚合酶用量4个因素3个水平出发,优化设计圆尾鲎DNA的PCR反应体系(引物为中国鲎微卫星引物).并采用直观分析方法分析正交试验结果,最终建立了圆尾鲎SSR-PCR最佳反应体系:总体积20μL,Taq DNA聚合酶1.5 U、dNTPs 0.16 mmol/L、引物0.2μmol/L、Mg2+2.0 mmol/L;并通过PCR梯度实验进一步优化模板DNA质量浓度、退火温度及退火时间,获得最佳反应条件:模板DNA质量浓度为30 ng/μL,退火温度为48℃,退火时间为20～25 s.对最佳反应体系和反应条件进行了检验,结果显示该反应体系稳定性高、重复性好.     

濒危植物刺桫椤RAPD反应体系的优化

以高盐SDS法提取濒危植物刺桫椤(Alsophila spinulosa)嫩叶总DNA，进行RAPD分析，分别研究了模板DNA、引物、dNTP、Mg^2 和Taq DNA聚合酶用量以及反应体积对反应结果的影响．筛选并建立了适合于利桫椤RAPD扩增的反应体系：反应体积10μL，内含2ng/μL模板DNA，2．0mmo1/L MgCl2,0．3μmo1／L引物，300μmo1／L dNTP，0．5u Taq DNA聚合酶．     

三角梅SRAP-PCR反应体系的建立及引物筛选

利用L9(34)正交试验设计,对影响PCR反应的TaqDNA聚合酶量、dNTP浓度、Mg2+浓度和引物浓度4个因素以及模板DNA浓度进行了三角梅SRAP-PCR扩增反应条件优化研究,并对引物进行了全面筛选.三角梅SRAP-PCR优化反应体系结果为:2.5μL 10×PCR buffer、60ng模板DNA、TaqDNA聚合酶1.0U、dNTP 0.25mmol/L、Mg2+2.5mmol/L、引物0.3μmol/L,总体积25μL.运用该结果从208对引物组合中共筛选出扩增条带清晰,多态性丰富的SRAP引物27对.优化体系的建立及其引物的筛选为今后利用SRAP标记技术进行三角梅遗传分析、图谱构建、基因定位与种质资源鉴定奠定了技术基础.     

应用RT-PCR技术检测葡萄扇叶病毒的研究

以扇叶病株为材料，根据病毒外壳蛋白核苷酸序列，设计特异引物P1（1064－1083），P2（762－781），建立了以RNA为模板的GFLV的RT－PCR检测体系。     

濒危植物长叶红砂ISSR扩增条件的优化与引物筛选

对濒危植物长叶红砂(Reaumuria trigyna Maxim)的核基因组DNA进行ISSR扩增条件的优化与引物筛选.利用单因素实验,测试了ISSR-PCR反应体系中模板DNA的含量、引物浓度、Master Mix等因素对反应结果的影响,经过优化实验,建立了长叶红砂ISSR-PCR的最佳反应体系,15μL PCR反应体积包括Mix 4.5μL,模板DNA 20ng,引物0.6μmol/L.利用优化反应体系,从60个ISSR引物中筛选出稳定性好、重复性高的14个引物.对长叶红砂5个种群的85个个体进行扩增,共扩增出110个位点,其中多态位点102个,多态位点百分率为92.73%.长叶红砂ISSR反应体系的建立为利用ISSR分子标记技术进一步研究长叶红砂的遗传多样性奠定了良好的基础.     

ARMS实时PCR基因分型特异性的研究

以原癌基因K—ras基因12位密码子的4种基因型(野生型为GGT，突变型为AGT、TGT、CGT)质粒DNA为研究模型．采用SYBR Green I为实时PCR指示剂，进行ARMS实时PCR基因分型特异性的研究．结果表明：在和模板匹配的ARMS引物3′端附近引人故意错配碱基．将ARMS引物浓度稀释10倍，并对传统三步PCR循环进行改良．即根据目的产物和引物二聚体的熔点差异．在传统延伸步骤之后增加一步恒温80℃检测荧光步骤。可消除引物二聚体的影响．使ARMS引物的特异性增强．得到清晰的基因分型结果．实验表明这种基于SYBR Green I的ARMS实时PCR基因分型方法，无需合成探针，实验设计简单．是一种快速、简便、经济、特异性好的基因分型方法，可推广用于其他基因的分型。并可望成为应用于临床的基因诊断技术之一．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the