三维石墨烯/铜基复合材料的制备及耐腐蚀性能研究

在实际应用中,铜基复合材料经常存在腐蚀失效的现象,而石墨烯以其独特的结构显示出卓越的耐腐蚀性能。为了改善铜基复合材料的耐腐蚀性能,设计并烧结制备了三维石墨烯/铜基复合材料。研究表明,在三维石墨烯/铜基复合材料中,石墨烯形成三维互联互通结构,充分发挥了对铜基体的保护作用。与孔隙铜相比,在质量分数为3.5% NaCl溶液中,三维石墨烯/铜基复合材料的腐蚀速率降低了约50%。石墨烯在金属防腐蚀领域将得到更加广阔的应用。通过研究三维石墨烯/铜基复合材料在FeCl₃溶液中的腐蚀行为,进一步揭示了三维石墨烯的耐腐蚀机理。     

热处理对铜基碳纳米管复合镀膜结构和性能的影响

研究热处理工艺参数对铜基碳纳米管复合薄膜的微观结构和性能的影响,采用超声辅助脉冲电流复合电沉积法在不锈钢基板上沉积制备铜基碳纳米管复合镀膜,再将制备的复合薄膜在H₂中进行热处理.利用X射线衍射谱仪（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）以及四探针电阻率仪等对热处理后的铜基碳纳米管复合镀膜进行了测试.结果表明,随着热处理温度和时间的变化,复合铜膜的结构、形貌及性能也相应变化;当热处理参数为400℃×2 h时,铜基碳纳米管薄膜的各项性能最佳.     

石墨烯增强铜基复合材料强度及机理研究

为了提升金属基复合材料的力学性能,采用FSP（friction stir processing）方法制备铜/石墨烯复合材料,通过金属显微组织观察试验和力学试验对试样进行分析,探究搅拌工具转速和石墨烯添加量对复合材料微观组织特征、抗拉强度的影响规律,并对复合材料的强化机理进行研究。结果表明,石墨烯对铜基体的作用主要体现在载荷传递和阻碍铜基体中的位错运动和晶界长大方面,随着石墨烯的引入,焊核区晶粒发生了明显细化;晶粒细化的原因是搅拌工具的机械搅拌作用和晶粒再结晶过程中石墨烯对晶粒长大产生了阻碍作用;与母材相比,铜/石墨烯复合材料的抗拉强度提升了5%,最高可达277.49 MPa。因此,采用FSP方法可制备性能良好、石墨烯分布均匀的铜/石墨烯复合材料,新方法有效提升了铜合金材料的力学性能,可为复合材料的广泛应用提供理论基础和技术参考。     

真空热压烧结Cu-Al2O3热变形行为研究

采用真空热压烧结法制备Cu-Al₂O₃复合材料,并在Gleeble-1500D热模拟机上对其进行高温压缩试验.阐述了内氧化原理,分析了真空热压烧结制备的铜基复合材料的微观组织和材料性能,研究了在变形温度为650~950℃,变形速率为0.01~5 s^-1,最大真应变为0.7时的流变应力行为.结果表明：变形温度和变形速率对流变应力的影响较大,随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的减小,峰值应力逐渐减小.采用双曲线正弦模型建立了材料高温变形时的流变应力本构方程,确定热变形激活能为220.7 kJ/mol.     

Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂作用下对苯醌加氢制备对苯二酚

采用浸渍法制备了负载型钯催化剂（Pd/γ-Al₂O₃）,并将制备的催化剂应用于对苯醌加氢制备对苯二酚反应. 考察了不同反应温度、压力、时间、催化剂用量等因素对Pd/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂性能的影响. 以甲醇（CH₄O）作为溶剂,在反应温度为30 ℃、氢气（H₂）压力为3.0 MPa、反应时间为2 h、对苯醌和甲醇的质量比m（对苯醌）:m（甲醇）=3:47、催化剂质量分数仅为0.25%（以对苯醌质量计）的条件下,对苯醌转化率为100%,对苯二酚的选择性为96.9%,产率为96.9%.     

一种检测电芬顿体系下DNA损伤的电化学生物传感器的研制

为了检测电芬顿体系下DNA的损伤,先采用石墨烯制备了一种致密的rGO/Fe₃O₄复合材料;再将复合材料和DNA修饰到玻碳电极上,利用电化学还原作用释放游离态Fe²⁺,并加入H₂O₂形成电芬顿体系;最后构建了一种检测电芬顿体系下DNA损伤的新型电化学生物传感器。检测结果表明,检测DNA损伤的最佳时间为30 min,最佳pH值为7.0。     

不同改性尼龙短纤维增强天然橡胶复合材料的性能研究

用偶联剂KH550、KH560、KH570、NXT和H₃PO₄刻蚀对尼龙短纤维进行表面改性,将改性后的尼龙短纤维与天然橡胶制成母炼胶,然后用母炼胶制备尼龙短纤维-天然橡胶复合材料。通过力学性能测试以及RPA检测等手段,分析不同偶联剂和H₃PO₄刻蚀改性尼龙短纤维对复合材料综合性能的影响,发现用偶联剂KH570处理尼龙短纤维是改善复合材料综合性能较好的方法。在偶联剂KH570处理的尼龙短纤维基础之上添加不同相溶剂制备复合材料,通过力学性能测试分析不同相溶剂对综合性能的影响。并用扫描电镜(SEM)对复合材料断口形貌进行观察和分析,发现添加进口相溶剂能有效提高偶联剂KH570处理的尼龙短纤维在天然橡胶中的分散性,同时也能减少复合材料表面的孔洞即提高了尼龙短纤维与天然橡胶之间的界面粘结力。     

Cu/Ni3Ti原位复合材料的显微组织和力学性能

通过真空电弧熔炼法制备了Cu/Ni₃Ti原位复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度计和纳米压痕仪分别测试了Cu/Ni₃Ti原位复合材料的相组成、微观组织形貌、显微硬度和弹性模量。结果显示,Ni₃Ti相在铜基体中呈针状分布,且铸锭边缘与心部平均晶粒直径分别约为1.74和249 μm。Cu/Ni₃Ti原位复合材料在时效温度为550℃时的强化效果最佳,此时铜基体与Ni₃Ti相的显微硬度最大值分别达到了174和209。在热处理后,Ni₃Ti相的最大硬度和弹性模量分别达到10.5 GPa和249.7 GPa,远高于Cu基体,Ni₃Ti相是一种理想的增强相。     

Al3+掺杂LiMn2O4的制备及高温循环性能研究

采用沉淀法合成LiMn_2-xAl_xO₄（x=0.01,0.05,0.10,0.20）,pH的范围为10.5～10.6,搅拌速度为350 r/min,水浴温度为55℃,分两次烧结.首次煅烧温度为680℃,保温时间为18 h;第二次煅烧温度为850℃,保温时间为18 h.利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和电化学方法测试最终产物.测试结果表明：Al³⁺的掺入有效地改善了LiMn₂O₄的高温循环性能,使其高温循环容量衰减得到了有效的抑制,尤其当Al³⁺的掺入量为0.05时,有比其他掺杂量更优的性能.     

CoFe2O4-Al2O3复合材料的制备及其在含日落黄废水处理中的应用

制备了铁酸钴-氧化铝（CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃）复合材料,并采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、比表面积和孔径分析仪对多孔CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃复合材料的物相和形貌进行了分析. 利用制备的CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃复合材料活化过硫酸氢钾（PMS）来降解废水溶液中的日落黄（SY）,通过研究CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃材料制备过程中Co²⁺,Fe³⁺和Al³⁺的物质的量之比、煅烧温度和时长对材料催化性能的影响,发现Co²⁺,Fe³⁺和Al³⁺的最佳物质的量之比为1:2:12,最佳煅烧温度为400 ℃和最佳煅烧时长为3 h. 对采用在最优条件下制得的CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃复合材料作为催化剂,PMS氧化降解含日落黄废水进行研究,考察了pH值、温度、不同体系、PMS用量、CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃材料用量和一些阴离子对日落黄降解的影响. 结果表明：在pH=7,温度为55 ℃条件下,用0.1 g催化剂和0.125 g PMS能使100 mL质量浓度为0.6 g·L^-1的日落黄溶液在30 min内降解率达到99.5%. 同时,碳酸氢根负离子（HCO₃^-）和硝酸根负离子（NO₃^-）的加入抑制了日落黄的降解,而Cl^-则能促进日落黄的降解. 此外,在进行4次循环使用后,CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃仍表现出很好的催化性能,日落黄去除效果仍能达到90%以上.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to