Gongxianosaurus的发现与川滇毗连地区自流井组研究

报道了在川滇接合处的四川省珙县石碑乡首次发现的石碑珙县龙,并对其产出的层位———自流井组的岩石学、沉积学、古地理学、古生物学、古气候学以及地质年代学等特征进行了详细分析研究,为四川盆地和滇中盆地早侏罗世地层的对比提供了依据。     

川东地区大安寨段岩石类型及其组合特征的勘探意义

四川盆地下侏罗统自流井组大安寨段一直是四川盆地致密油勘探的重要层位之一,近年的勘探成果显示出了大安寨段具有良好的潜力与前景。川东地区具有和川中地区相似的资源和成藏有利区,但多年来未受到足够的重视。通过对川东地区26条大安寨段野外露头资料整理以及结合前人的认识,总结了川东地区大安寨段的岩石类型及其组合特征,按照生屑的含量、填隙物特征及对岩石物性影响较大的重结晶作用,将灰岩类和泥(页)岩类分为生屑灰岩、泥晶灰岩、结晶灰岩、介壳质泥(页)岩和钙质泥(页)岩5类,再进一步将生屑灰岩和泥晶灰岩类细分为7个亚类;综合"源、带、相"的勘探思路,分析了4种主要岩性组合对寻找致密油"甜点"的影响,对下步川东大安寨段致密油(气)的勘探具有重要意义。     

川中地区龙王庙组洞穴充填物特征及油气地质意义

依据洞穴充填物岩性、孢粉化石、主元素、痕量元素和稀土元素特征分析,结合区域构造演化资料,探讨了川中下寒武统龙王庙组大型洞穴的形成时期和充填过程。洞穴充填泥中孢粉化石时代为石炭纪—早白垩世,泥质岩具有高 B 含量、低 Sr／Ba、稀土元素配分模式差别大的元素地化特征。认为龙王庙组洞穴主要形成于石炭纪—早二叠世古隆起大规模隆升暴露期,为风化壳喀斯特作用和顺层喀斯特作用叠加形成的,并经历了石炭纪—早二叠世的沉积充填和潜流携带古隆起高部位物质充填,及中生代—新生代构造活动期地表水携带溶解残余物沿断裂下渗充填过程。邻近龙王庙组尖灭线,受石炭纪—早二叠世风化壳喀斯特作用和顺层喀斯特作用影响的颗粒滩发育带为川中龙王庙组储层发育最有利地区。     

The earliest known sauropod dinosaur

Sauropods were a very successful group of dinosaurs during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, but their earlier history is poorly known. Until now, the earliest reported sauropod bones were from the Early Jurassic, and the only tentative evidence of earlier sauropods was in the form of controversial footprints. Here we report the discovery of an incomplete sauropod skeleton from the Late Triassic period of Thailand, which provides the first osteological evidence of pre-Jurassic sauropods. This dinosaur is markedly different from prosauropods and substantiates theoretical predictions that there was a fairly long period of sauropod evolution during the Triassic.     

北羌塘盆地北部晚侏罗世索瓦组地层古生物新资料

在北羌塘盆地北部乌兰乌拉湖地区测制了多条晚侏罗世索瓦组剖面,讨论了该区索瓦组的岩性组合特征、沉积环境及空间变化规律.首次系统研究了索瓦组双壳类、层孔虫及珊瑚化石的组合特征及地理分布.建立了一个双壳类生物组合带,一个层孔虫组合和一个珊瑚组合.确定索瓦组的地质时代为晚侏罗世牛津期-基默里奇期.     

A new cheirolepidiaceous conifer from the Early Jurassic of the Junggar Basin, northern Xinjiang and its paleoclimatic implications

Mesozoic sediments are extensively developed in the vast area of Xinjiang and Jurassic strata are well exposed in the Junggar Basin. The Haojiagou geological section near Urumqi in the south of the basin is a typical section for the Lower Jurassic Badaowan and Sangonghe formations. The cheirolepidiaceous conifer Brachyphyllum (Hirmeriella?) sp., which exhibits strongly xeromorphic characters, was discovered in the Sangonghe Formation and is associated with a high relative abundance (up to 75%) of dispersed Classopollis pollen. The occurrence of cheirolepidiaceous foliage and Classopollis pollen in the Sangonghe Formation indicates that a warm and dry climate prevailed in the Junggar Basin during the Early Jurassic (Early Toarcian), supporting the hypothesis for a warming event at that time.     

A new cheirolepidiaceous conifer from the Early Jurassic of the Junggar Basin, northern Xinjiang and its paleoclimatic implications

Mesozoic sediments are extensively developed in the vast area of Xinjiang and Jurassic strata are well exposed in the Junggar Basin. The Haojiagou geological section near Urumqi in the south of the basin is a typical section for the Lower Jurassic Badaowan and Sangonghe formations. The cheirolepidiaceous conifer Brachyphyllum (Hirmeriella?) sp., which exhibits strongly xeromorphic characters, was discovered in the Sangonghe Formation and is associated with a high relative abundance (up to 75%) of dispersed Classopollis pollen. The occurrence of cheirolepidiaceous foliage and Classopollis pollen in the Sangonghe Formation indicates that a warm and dry climate prevailed in the Junggar Basin during the Early Jurassic (Early Toarcian), supporting the hypothesis for a warming event at that time.     

川东北地区三叠-侏罗系陆相烃源岩评价及油源对比

通过系统的有机地球化学分析, 对川东北陆相地层主力烃源岩进行了系统评价, 对油、源进行了精细对比, 查明了非常规油气的成藏特征。分析认为陆相地层须家河组、自流井组和千佛崖组发育大量有效烃源岩甚至优质烃源岩, 有机质丰度较高, 各地区各层系TOC平均值介于0.41%~2.99%之间, 有机质类型主要为Ⅱ, Ⅲ型, 处于成熟?过成熟阶段(Ro介于 1.3%~2.0%之间), 具有良好的生烃潜力, 可成为该区中、下侏罗统 非常规油气的主力烃源岩。经油源对比及成藏特征分析, 发现中、下侏罗统陆相非常规油气来源于陆相烃源岩, 未显示海相油气来源, 说明由于陆相储层异常致密, 导致油气运移困难而源内或近源成藏。其中, 元坝?阆中地区千佛崖组的油气来自于自流井组烃源岩, 自流井组的油气来自于自流井组及须家河组两套烃源岩。宣汉?达县地区的油气来自于须家河组烃源岩。下侏罗统泥页岩具备页岩气形成的条件, 中、下侏罗统致密砂岩具备致密砂岩油形成的条件。     

四川盆地南部嘉陵江组烃源研究

四川盆地南部地区嘉陵江组中具有较大天然气储量的气井在天然气组分上与储量较小的微气井有明显差异,前者天然气以高成熟的甲烷为主.烃类碳同位素特征证明天然气来源于深层二叠系高熟-过熟的烃源岩.地球化学指标反映出嘉陵江组基本不具备生成大量烃类的条件.作者将向下断达二叠系或更深、向上断达嘉陵江组的断层称为嘉陵江组气藏的"烃源断层".烃源断层为二叠系或更深层烃源岩中的天然气向嘉陵江组储层中运移提供了通道,是嘉陵江组天然气富集的关键要素之一.     

元坝地区珍珠冲段天然气优势运移通道探讨

川东北元坝地区下侏罗统自流井组珍珠冲段储层具有一定的天然气资源潜力,但天然气分布规律不清,制约 了勘探方向的选择,亟待开展与天然气分布密切相关的优势通道的研究。利用钻井、地震等资料,通过对元坝地区珍 珠冲段储层中影响天然气运移方向的地质因素的分析,明确了较高孔渗输导砂体、断层、不整合面、构造背景及盖层底 面构造形态等5 种主控因素。同时对各种主控因素与天然气运移方向相互关系的综合分析,提出了元坝地区珍珠冲 段储层中天然气优势运移通道的2 种模式：（1）沿砂体断层复合通道运移;（2）沿砂体不整合面复合通道运移;其 中第一种模式更有利于天然气富集高产。进而分层次指明下一步勘探的方向。     

四川盆地页岩气藏和连续型-非连续型气藏基本特征

四川盆地是一个多旋回叠合盆地,发育了两套海相优质烃源岩(下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩,下志留统龙马溪组页岩),其有机质成熟度高(R_o=1.5%～6%),绝大多数地区普遍不利于页岩气藏的形成;另发育两套海陆过渡相(上二叠统龙潭组和上三叠统须家河组)优质烃源岩,其成熟度相对较低(R_o=0.7%～3%),在川西南-川南地区具有较有利的页岩气勘探前景.四川盆地页岩烃源岩排烃效率高, 为大规模油气藏提供了烃源;多存在晚期快速隆升调整过程, 为吸附气的解吸创造了条件.页岩气藏经历了早期地质条件优越、生物气高效成藏,中期深埋地腹、原油裂解气快速成藏,晚期快速隆升、脱溶气和解吸气调整成藏等过程.四川叠合盆地油气藏具有多样性特征, 发育了从非连续型到连续型完整序列的油气藏类型.典型的非连续型气藏主要是指构造圈闭(以及部分构造-岩性圈闭)气藏,其圈闭相对独立,非连续分布, 储集空间类型以孔隙型为主.震旦系威远气田、川东石炭系气田群及川东北下三叠统飞仙关组气藏群等具有相对典型的非连续型气藏特征.非连续型-连续型过渡气藏介于连续型气藏与非连续型气藏之间,呈分散状或连续状分布, 圈闭类型多以复合圈闭为主,可发育有裂缝圈闭(川东南二叠系阳新统气藏)及岩性圈闭(上三叠统须家河组气藏).储集空间以裂缝型或次生溶孔为主,非均质性强,普遍存在异常高压.四川盆地连续型气藏应以页岩气藏为主, 但现今未有成功勘探开发页岩气藏的实例.四川叠合盆地具有多旋回构造-沉积演化、优质烃源岩分布的区域性、储层的非均质性和天然气的活动性,及油气成藏经历了生物气、吸附气、裂解气、脱溶气和解吸气演替等多样性特征.因此,四川盆地的油气勘探和研究应形成常规与非常规、连续型与非连续型、原生与次生油气藏的立体勘探和研究局面, 尤其应加强非连续型-连续型过渡油气藏特征、形成机理和分布规律的研究.     

四川盆地陆相烃源岩成熟史及生排烃史

为了综合评价四川盆地陆相烃源岩,应用含油气盆地数值模拟技术,定量恢复了研究区主要烃源岩层系的成
熟和生排烃史。首先,分别建立了盆地的热力学、生烃动力学模式、机制及相关地质模型,其次,选取古热流值、沉积
水表面温度、古水深作为模拟参数,对四川盆地重点研究区20 多口井进行了模拟。研究表明：四川盆地陆相系烃源岩
具有3 个生烃高峰期和两个排烃高峰期,成熟及生烃史总体表现为“分区演化、差异成熟、西早东晚”。层位上须三、
须五段生、排烃量较大,其次为下侏罗统和须一段,总的排烃效率以须一段和须五段较高。平面上川西地区生烃量最
大,其次为川北-川东北地区和川中地区。研究认为：以须家河组和中、下侏罗统为烃源岩的油气系统分别是川西地
区和川北-川东北地区油气勘探的主要目标。     

喀什凹陷原油与油砂地球化学研究与油源分析

喀什凹陷是塔西南坳陷油气显示丰富的地区之一,也是塔里木盆地连接中亚油气勘探的前沿阵地,确定油气显示的油源特征对油气勘探具有重要的意义。研究了克拉托背斜北翼大量存在的原油和油砂抽提物的地球化学特征,评价了凹陷北缘库孜贡苏剖面侏罗系烃源岩和南缘炮江沟剖面石炭系烃源岩,得出了两套烃源岩的分子地球化学特征,确定了原油和油砂抽提物的油源。结果显示,中、下侏罗统粉砂质泥岩和下石炭统黑色碳质泥岩是该区较好的两套烃源岩,两者存在明显的分子地球化学特征差异;通过对饱和烃馏分中甾、萜烷和芳烃馏分中三芴化合物、三芳甾烷等生物标志物特征的刻画,发现喀什凹陷原油与中、下侏罗统烃源岩具对比性,克拉托背斜油砂抽提物的分子地球化学特征明显不同于中、下侏罗统烃源岩,而与下石炭统黑色碳质泥岩具有较好的对比,三芳甾烷证据认为早期石炭系烃源贡献可能对原油和油砂都有影响。油源的新认识对喀什凹陷下一步油气勘探具有一定决策参考。     

A gigantic feathered dinosaur from the lower cretaceous of China

Numerous feathered dinosaur specimens have recently been recovered from the Middle-Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous deposits of northeastern China, but most of them represent small animals. Here we report the discovery of a gigantic new basal tyrannosauroid, Yutyrannus huali gen. et sp. nov., based on three nearly complete skeletons representing two distinct ontogenetic stages from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China. Y. huali shares some features, particularly of the cranium, with derived tyrannosauroids, but is similar to other basal tyrannosauroids in possessing a three-fingered manus and a typical theropod pes. Morphometric analysis suggests that Y. huali differed from tyrannosaurids in its growth strategy. Most significantly, Y. huali bears long filamentous feathers, thus providing direct evidence for the presence of extensively feathered gigantic dinosaurs and offering new insights into early feather evolution.     

川西坳陷中段沙溪庙组测井相和地震相及砂体展布特征

通过测井相、地震相和沉积相关系的综合分析 ,建立了沙溪庙组测井相 -地震相 -沉积相转换关系 ,揭示了川西坳陷中段沙溪庙组纵向上沉积演化具有从下沙溪庙组下部的浅湖相沉积向上部的半深湖相沉积过渡 (以叶肢介页岩为代表 ) ,之后湖水位持续下降 ,复变浅为上沙溪庙组底部的浅湖和中下部的三角洲前缘沉积 ;中部演变为强烈进积的三角洲平原相沉积 ;而上部为曲流河沉积 ,从而构成完整的湖进 -湖退沉积演化序列 ,为砂体展布规律的预测提供了依据     

陕南早中侏罗世勉县群植物组合面貌

勉县群为陕南勉县至紫阳一带早中侏罗世陆相含煤沉积；自下而上分为三个组，即洪水沟组、沔水组、堰河组．该群含有丰富的植物化石，该植物群是典型的南方型Ｐｔｉｌｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ—Ｃｏｎｉｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ植物群。根据沉积特征及植物化石分布规律分析，勉县群三个组的形成时代依次为：早侏罗世、早中侏罗世、中侏罗世。有趣的是，在沔水组中下部发现了有花植物中华木兰（Ｍａｇｎｏｌｉａｍｉｏｃｅｎｉｌａ），为研究被子植物早期起源历史提供了一份新的材料。     

The discovery of Jurassic plants in Shenzhen of Guangdong,southern China and related significance

Investigations of major marine and non-marine geologic and biotic events across the Triassic-Jurassic transition rely predominantly on detailed stratigraphic frameworks and biodiversity analyses. The alternating sequences of marine and terrestrial Triassic-Jurassic for- mations in Guangdong Province represent one of the most remarkable coal-bearing series in southern China. The Lower Jurassic Jinji Formation is widely distributed in Guangdong, with continuously outcropped sections and rich marine and non-marine fossil fauna. However, as little research has been conducted on fossil plant remains in the Jinji Formation, it is difficult to understand the systematics, diversity, and floral aspects of the Jurassic. Here we report on the recent collection of rich fossil plants from the Jinji Formation in the Dapeng area of Shenzhen, southern Guangdong Province. Our studies demonstrate taxonomical affiliations, preservation status, and diversity features of these plant fossils, which are marked by the close associ- ation of densely preserved, pinnae and rachis connected leaves, and the bennettitalean reproductive organs of Wil- liamsoniella, which may represent an Early Jurassic plant community dominated by Otozamites of the bennettitales. This work not only represents the first discovery of fossil plants in the Shenzhen area, but is also the first docu- mentation of Jurassic plants in Guangdong and the Pearl River Delta regions. Research related to these plant fossils will be helpful in the correlation of the Early Mesozoiccoal-bearing strata in Guangdong, and will provide a dee- per understanding of variations in plant diversity of the Triassic and Jurassic transition in southern China. Addi- tionally, it will provide terrestrial plant evidence for explorations in Jurassic palaeoecology, palaeoclimatology, and palaeogeography of southern China.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

四川盆地及周缘地区牛蹄塘组页岩气概况及前景评价

探讨四川盆地及周缘地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩的基础地质概况,并对牛蹄塘组页岩气前景进行评价。通过野外露头和盆地内的钻井资料分析,结果表明牛蹄塘组页岩除川西有剥蚀外,其他地区都有分布,且黑色页岩段厚度大,主要集中在下段;由川中地区向北、向东和向南3个方向分布,厚度一般在40m以上;有机碳含量高,多数地区有机碳的质量分数>2%;页岩已达成熟晚期—过成熟早期。该套页岩埋藏较深,演化时间长,保存条件复杂,因此勘探开发均有难度。四川盆地的西部、北部和东部,牛蹄塘组页岩埋深超过7km,只能作为页岩气勘探潜力区;勘探最有利的地区是川南地区,其次有利的地区为鄂西渝东地区。     

四川马角坝地区飞仙关组的双壳类动物群

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