低铬白口铸铁的冲蚀磨损与断裂韧性

通过稀土硅铁合金炉前孕育和热处理工艺改善碳化物形态分布及基体组织的强韧性,从而获得性能较为优越的低铬白口铸铁,对其进行断裂韧性测定和较系统的冲蚀磨损试验.结果表明:孕育处理使碳化物由连续网状分布转变为断续网状分布,同时细化了晶粒,导致断裂韧性K_(IC)的提高;并改善其冲蚀抗力;且表现为磨料越硬效果越显著,说明磨料硬度对低铬白口铸铁冲蚀抗力有显著影响:当磨料为较软的玻璃砂时,冲蚀抗力随材料基体硬度的提高而提高;当磨料为硬的碳化硅时,冲蚀抗力随断裂韧性K_(IC)的提高而提高;当材料硬度相近时,则断裂韧性越高,越耐冲蚀.文中结合冲蚀断口的扫描电镜观察及残留奥氏体转变量的X射线测定对试验结果及冲蚀机理进行了分析讨论.     

高铬白口铸铁抗磨粒磨损耐磨性与断裂韧性的研究

本文研究了两种基体组织状态及碳化物体积分数对高铬白口铸铁抗磨粒磨损耐磨性、断裂韧性K_(IC)、K_(Id)及亚临界裂纹扩展速率da/dN的影响。结果表明:高铬白口铸铁耐磨性与磨损系统有关;而其断裂韧性及亚临界裂纹扩展速率与基体组织状态、碳化物体积分数及其形态与分布有关。综合研究结果,从高铬白口铸铁耐磨性与断裂韧性最优化角度考虑,如果用软磨料,宜选用马氏体基体;采用硬磨料,则宜选用奥氏体基体。     

含硼高铬铸铁的组织及性能

在成分为2.7%C-17%Cr-0.7%M_0的高铬铸铁中设计了含硼量变化范围为0.1～1.2%的五种白口铸铁.考察了其铸态及热处理态的组织;进行了石英砂磨料和绿碳化硅磨料的三体磨损试验及湿式橡胶轮磨损试验;测定了材料的硬度、冲击韧性和断裂韧性.试验结果表明:硼促使化合物体积分数增加,并有新的硼碳化物形成;基体组织中铸态己有马氏体析出,具有更好的淬硬性;三体磨损石英砂磨料时随含硼量增加耐磨性显著提高,对碳化硅磨料则相反;在湿式橡胶轮磨损试验中约在0.9%B 处耐磨性出现了最大值;化合物量相近时,含硼与无硼高铬铸铁的韧性相当.     

高铬铸铁在不同工作条件下磨料磨损耐磨性的研究

对含铬１５％、２０％、２８％,含碳２％～４％,含硼和不含硼,不同的热处理工艺,共计７２种成分状态的高铬系铸铁进行了低应力和冲击条件下的磨料磨损试验;测定了其宏观硬度,显微组织和碳化物数量;对宏观硬度、碳化物数量与耐磨性进行了相关分析。结果表明：磨损条件不同,磨损机理不同,其耐磨性的影响因素也不同,低应力磨料磨损的耐磨性与碳化物数量明显相关,冲击磨损的耐磨性与宏观硬度明显相关。此结论对根据不同工作条件合理选用高铬铸铁的成分和热处理工艺有指导意义。     

高铬铸铁在不同工作条件下磨料磨损耐磨性的研究

本文对含铬１５％、２０％、２８％，含碳２％～４％，含硼和不含硼，不同的热处理工艺，共计７２种成分状态的高铬系铸铁进行了低应力和冲击条件下的磨料磨损试验；测定了其宏观硬度，显微组织和碳化物数量；对宏观硬度、碳化物数量与耐磨性进行了相关分析。结果表明：磨损条件不同，磨损机理不同，其耐磨性的影响因素也不同，低应力磨料磨损的耐磨性与碳化物数量明显相关，冲击磨损的耐磨性与宏观硬度明显相关。此结论对根据不同工作条件合理选用高铬铸铁的成分和热处理工艺有指导意义．     

奥氏体基体和马氏体基体高铬铸铁的冲蚀磨损特性

本文模拟抛丸机叶片使用工况,采用玻璃砂和少量石英砂混和磨料,考察了奥氏体基体和马氏体基体高铬铸铁在不同冲击角度下的冲蚀磨损特性。结果认为无论马氏体基体还是奥氏体基体,高角度冲击下的耐磨性都低于低角度冲击;无论冲击角度高低,马氏体基体耐磨性都高于奥氏体基体;奥氏体基体对碳化物的支撑不如马氏体基体,造成碳化物在深层范围内的碎裂。     

锰白铜基铸造碳化钨复合材料的二体磨料磨损特性

以高铬铸铁为参考材料,研究了真空熔铸法制备的锰白铜基铸造碳化钨复合材料的二体磨料磨损特性.研究结果表明,使用不同硬度磨料时锰白铜基铸造碳化钨复合材料的耐磨性比高铬铸铁的耐磨性均有大幅度的提高,特别是使用石榴子石及绿SiC磨料时耐磨性提高的幅度分别达8倍及10倍以上,锰白铜基体的时效硬化对锰白铜基铸造碳化钨复合材料的二体磨料磨损耐磨性影响不大.     

CrMnSi铸铁与Cr13RE铸铁耐磨性比较

在ML-10型二体磨损试验机和自制的腐蚀磨粒磨损试验机上,比较了经两种热处理后的CrMnSi铸铁与Cr13RE铸铁的耐磨性.结果表明:在二体磨损采用SiC和SiO_2磨料时,Cr13RE铸铁的耐磨性并不明显超过Ⅱ CrMnSi铸铁(用第二种热处理方法),Ⅱ CrMnSi铸铁磨损形式为切削和犁沟,Cr13RE铸铁为犁沟和相当靛量的剥落;在腐蚀磨粒磨损采用中性和碱性介质时,Cr13RE铸铁表现出良好的耐磨性.采用酸性介质时,Cr13RE铸铁的耐蚀性很差,磨面上存在大量的腐蚀磨损坑;Ⅱ CrMnSi铸铁硬度HRC约60,冲击值?>12.5J/cm~2.明显高于普通抗磨铸铁水平.     

湿法选矿用奥氏体高铬铸铁材质

通过对高铬铁代钼、镍合金元素的选择研究发现,锰会增加高铬铸铁中的残奥含量和降低高铬铸铁的硬度.但对其耐磨性的影响则要取决于磨损系统的条件,在有些条件下(如高应力磨损),加锰引起的残奥增加反而会提高材料的耐磨性.     

烧结亚共晶高铬铸铁制备及其显微组织与性能

以水雾化高铬铸铁粉末为原料,通过压制/烧结工艺制备了一种亚共晶高铬铸铁(SHCCI),对其显微组织、物理力学性能和冲击磨粒磨损工况下的耐磨性能开展了系统的观察、分析与检测,并与成分相近的传统铸造高铬铸铁(CHCCI)进行了对比研究.试验结果表明,通过超固相线液相烧结可以制备出密度达到7.44g/cm~3的亚共晶高铬铸铁,其Cr_7C_3型碳化物呈细小短杆状,沿晶界均匀地分布在由马氏体和奥氏体混合组成的基体中;烧结态高铬铸铁的硬度为HRC58,抗弯强度为2 122MPa,冲击韧性达到6.5J/cm~2(无缺口试样尺寸为5mm×5mm×50mm);与铸造高铬铸铁相比,由于碳化物形貌、大小和分布均匀性的明显改善,以及基体中有更多的马氏体,烧结高铬铸铁在各种冲击载荷下均展现出明显的抗磨粒磨损性能优势,是一种十分优异的耐磨材料.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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