驾驶员疲劳检测中的眼睛定位与状态分析

针对驾驶员头部多角度变化时眼睛定位困难的现状,提出了基于肤色检测和纹理特征的驾驶员眼睛定位算法.该算法采用肤色检测定位出人脸图像;根据眼睛灰度范围与其他部位的差异进行人脸图像二值化和形态学图像处理,确定眼睛候选区域;通过比较各候选区域纹理特征向量值的不同,确定眼睛位置,并基于黑斑拟合椭圆性质进行眼睛验证和睁开程度计算.计算结果表明,头部角度变化时各候选区域的纹理特征值差别仍较大.因此,该算法不受驾驶员头部角度的影响,眼睛定位准确率较高,且算法简单,计算速度快.     

基于面部特征的疲劳驾驶检测

文章采用一种基于眼睛闭合度及打呵欠来检测驾驶员疲劳的方法,在YCrCb颜色空间中利用高斯模型进行肤色检测得到人脸的区域,在人脸灰度二值化图中利用五官几何结构的先验知识粗略定位人眼,利用区域生长和形态学运算得到人眼轮廓并计算眼睛的闭合度;检测嘴唇时利用唇色最佳阈值大致确定嘴唇位置,在此基础上通过人脸灰度值特征精确定位嘴唇,然后通过嘴张开程度判断驾驶员是否打呵欠;最后基于2个特征对驾驶疲劳进行判决,实验证明这种方法对驾驶疲劳检测具有较好的效果。     

基于梯度信息的灰度人脸检测

针对灰度图像提出了一种有效的人脸检测算法。首先对原始灰度图像利用Sobel边缘检测算子得到水平方向的梯度信息;在此基础上,结合人的眼睛灰度信息得到眼睛的初步候选区域,并根据眼睛的几何特征删除非眼睛区域;然后利用眼睛的几何特征以及人脸的“三停五眼”特性确定真正的眼睛和嘴的区域,在精确定位眼睛和嘴的几何位置后确定人脸区域;最后利用人脸的左右对称性来验证人脸。实验表明,该算法对于灰度图像的正面人脸定位以及人脸检测具有良好的效果。     

彩色图像中人眼的精确定位

提出了一个彩色图像中人眼的精确定位过程.首先利用肤色特征检测出人脸的候选区域,在检测过程中考虑了头发亮度对肤色检测的影响;然后利用改进的二值化方法进行了眼睛的检测;最后利用眼睛的位置特点和人眼模板完成了眼睛的定位.     

一种基于人脸检测的人眼特征定位方法

人脸图像分析中,眼睛的精确定位是非常重要的一个环节。文章提出了一种基于人脸检测的人眼特征定位方法。首先采用AdaBoost人脸检测算法对人脸图像进行人脸检测,确定人脸位置。然后根据人脸面部结构特征估计人眼所在区域,利用该区域内的灰度和梯度特征搜索人眼特征点。实验表明该方法能够快速有效地定位出人眼特征。     

基于肤色和轮廓信息的人脸检测

针对彩色图像提出了一种基于肤色模型、脸部轮廓信息以及眼睛特征的人脸检测算法.采用基于YCbCr色彩空间的肤色分割模型,初步筛选人脸的候选区域;然后进行边缘检测,获得人脸轮廓信息,并利用三点定圆法来拟合脸部的圆形;最后在圆形区域的水平方向根据眼睛的几何特征来检测"眼睛对",再根据"三停五眼"来定位人脸,并利用左右对称性验证人脸.实验表明,该算法对于彩色图像的正面人脸检测具有良好的效果.     

一种实用监控系统的人脸检测定位算法

对基于监控系统中彩色图像的人脸检测与定位方法进行了探讨,利用颜色对方向的不敏感来减少人脸区域的搜索范围,将颜色空间与Hough变换相结合实现人脸定位.首先在颜色空间YCbCr上建立肤色模型,并对肤色区域进行初步检测,然后利用自适应模糊Hough变换检测瞳孔所在的圆心,从而实现对人脸区域的精确定位.在Georgia Tech彩色人脸数据库上的实验结果表明:该方法能够较好地检测肤色偏黄的人脸,并且在人眼的定位阶段平均用时为0.1秒,满足数字监控中实时性的要求.     

基于眼睛状态识别的驾驶员疲劳监测

提出一种基于眼睛状态识别的驾驶员疲劳状态监测算法。在首帧定位人眼并在眼睛区域内提取多个具有互补性的特征,使用粒子滤波算法进行直接跟踪;在后续图像帧中利用CAMShift算法对初始检测到的人脸区域进行实时跟踪,在人脸区域中同步检测眼睛,检测结果用于粒子滤波器的后验确认和修正。在跟踪眼睛的同时检测每帧中的眼睛状态,通过连续帧中的眼睛状态判断出驾驶员精神状态。实验表明:该文算法对人脸旋转和尺度变化、摄像机抖动,以及遮挡的影响均具有较高的鲁棒性。     

基于人脸关键点的疲劳驾驶检测研究

为解决疲劳驾驶检测中人眼状态识别的难点,提出一种基于人脸关键点的疲劳检测方法.首先从摄像头实时采集驾驶员图像;然后经过Ada Boost方法检测出图像中最大的人脸,并完成人眼定位和人眼睁闭状态判断;最后使用PERCLOS算法判别驾驶员的疲劳状态.其中人眼睁闭状态判定采用基于Dlib库的关键点检测方法,通过计算上下眼睑的距离判断人眼睁闭状态.采集了1 000组人眼状态的数据之后进行分析,在闭眼时99%的状态值都小于2,而眼睛全睁时99%的状态值都大于2.4,当状态阈值设置为2时基于人脸关键点的检测算法正确率最高.试验结果表明,基于人脸关键点的检测算法在头部倾斜等姿态下和光线不好的情况下仍能很好地检测出驾驶员的疲劳状态,具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于椭圆拟合的近红外图像的眼睛精确定位法

提出了一种新的近红外人脸图像的眼睛精确定位方法. 该方法首先使用基于Haar特征和AdaBoost算法的人脸检测分类器确定人脸区域和初始眼睛位置;然后用Sobel算子对眼睛区域进行边缘检测处理,得到眼睛边缘,并对它进行椭圆拟合获得眼睛的椭圆轮廓线;最后把拟合椭圆的中心点作为眼睛的精确位置. 实验表明,在正面人脸情况下,本方法能精确地定位近红外人脸图像的眼睛位置,在归一化人脸为120×120像素时,其平均误差小于1.5个像素,处理时间约7 ms.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with