明至清初青藏高原畜牧业经济初探

文章以大量的历史文献论述了以饲养马、牛、羊等牲畜为主的畜牧业生产在青藏高原诸游牧民族的生产生活中占据着主导地位.明代至清前期,青藏高原地区的农业经济虽然有所发展,但由于自然条件的特殊性,畜牧业生产依然在社会经济生活中占据着主导地位,肩负着促进当地社会经济发展的任务,明清政府在高原地区和接近高原地区设置的官营茶马贸易和官办马场,客观上对民间畜牧产业的发展起到了推动作用.以史为鉴,如何在生态环境脆弱的条件下推动高原地区经济的发展,以满足当地人民日常生活所需也是我们当代人需要思考的问题.     

青藏高原城镇化时空格局变化及自然驱动因素分析

青藏高原的特殊自然条件导致了其城镇化发展水平较低,了解青藏高原城镇化发展的时空格局及其成因对推动当地未来的新型城镇化发展具有重要的指导意义。本研究利用1990～2020年历次人口普查数据,对青藏高原范围内县域单元的城镇化水平时空变化进行了分析,并利用地理探测器分析了导致城镇化格局形成的自然地理因素。结果表明：青藏高原地区城镇化率波动较大,区域差异明显,且差异有减小的趋势;城镇化水平较高的地区集中在行政中心与高原东部边缘地区,高原中部部分地区存在城镇化率下降的情况;地形因素是影响青藏高原地区城镇化发展的主要自然因素。     

四川省抗逆牧草种质创新及生态修复工程实验室

正西南民族大学"四川省抗逆牧草种质创新及生态修复工程实验室"立足于世界第三极青藏高原,面向国家战略及地区发展需求,以高寒草地畜牧业和生态恢复为研究内容,实现高原生态畜牧业的可持续发展,为该地区草地畜牧业发展和生态保护提供必要的理论和技术支撑。主要研究方向为特有植物资源创新及育种利用、生态学、放牧与草地管理研究与示范、退化草地的生态恢复等。     

浅析色达县畜产品深加工产业发展的现状及思考

我县地处高寒地区，自然条件恶劣，牧业基础脆弱，已经是制约草地畜牧业发展的客观因素。但随着市场经济体制的建立，对我们传统低效益的畜牧业经营生产方式更是一个严酷的挑战。如何利用我县草地畜牧业这一优势产业，来寻找新的经济增长点，促进畜牧产业化发展，提高畜牧业生产效     

青藏高原标准化牧场参数指标及规划设计

青藏高原生态环境保护与生态畜牧业健康养殖是推进青藏高原地区生产力进步,地区繁荣稳定的重要内容.青藏高原标准化牧场的设计,以"生活三化"和"生产三化"为基本原则,通过对标准化牧场建设的参数指标进行设计和控制,实现资源合理配置,改善牧民住房质量,完善畜牧生产建设标准化等内容.通过种植养畜,走建设养畜的道路,探索一条从根本上解决高原生态环境与生态畜牧业的矛盾的协调发展之路.     

坝上地区资源优势与主导产业优化初步研究

针对坝上地区的自然及社会经济条件,客观评价该区资源优势,分析了坝上地区主导产业发展的误区和引起的环境问题,并提出要利用区域资源优势,进行畜牧业、错季蔬菜产业、马铃薯产业、草产业、生态旅游业等主导产业建设,最后提出坝上建设主导产业的具体对策。     

青藏高原草地畜牧业生产现状、问题及对策

为科学评估青藏高原草地畜牧业生产现状,对四川省、青海省和西藏自治区的13个乡镇的153户牧户进行了入户调研,综合分析了高寒地区各调研户户均饲草供给、家畜生产、基础设施条件及家庭收支情况,提出了阻碍草地畜牧业可持续发展的饲草供给不足、经济效率低下、基础设施落后、生产技术滞后等关键问题,并提出了相应的应对策略.调研结果可为国家相关部门制定政策法规,促进高寒牧区畜牧业可持续发展,实现牧区生态安全和牧民增产增收提供重要参考.     

西部地区畜牧业生产与环境保护的和谐发展

西部民族地区自然生态保护和畜牧业生产方面,存在一些突出问题：草原生态不断恶化。人畜、草畜、畜牧业生产方式、劳动者现代文化素质、产业结构、经济收入。发展失调,其矛盾日益尖锐．为了改善自然生态平衡,切实解决“三农”问题．增加农牧民收入。坚持以人为本,依靠科学进步,构建人与自然和谐相处的环境,保障西部地区社会可持续发展．     

浅谈我县畜产品出路问题

色达县位于青藏高原东南缘。海拔高、气候寒冷、属典型高原气候。地广人稀、是藏民族聚集地、距离中心城市远，交通、能源、通讯不发达，经济发育程度低。畜牧业是全县农牧民世代经营并赖以生存的基础产业和农村经济的主导产业，农牧民纯收入主要来自畜牧业。牦牛、藏羊是全县畜牧业的优势畜种，而1308万亩天然草地更是全县3万农牧民永续利用的不竭资源。然而我县畜牧业基础脆弱，生产经营方式落后，农牧民赖以生存的主导产业却不能为他们增收、致富奔小康带来更多利益。其主要原因是畜牧业经济效益低下。畜产品再生产过程中生产、交换、分配、消费各环节都不同程度存在一些问题，致使畜牧业生产未能适应市场消费需求。研究畜产品出路问题已成为我县畜牧业发展的首要问题。近年来，畜产品加工与销售虽有了一定发展。但多年的发展中作为高原特产和特色畜产品优势未能发挥出来，产品知名度低、市场占有率低、产品竞争力低，销售渠道窄、销售号小．根据我县畜牧业及畜产品现状，我们不能靠牧民在这种靠自然放牧的生产条件下去摸索、探讨发展牧业的途径。而应主要依靠各级党政及畜牧部门指导、推动发展牧业生产，解决我县畜产品出路问题，变资源优势为产品比势、市场比势，进而转变为产业院势，大幅度提高畜牧业劳动生产率和经济效益，才能实现畜牧业跨越式发展。     

高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)的研究现状及最新进展

高原鼠兔 (Ｏｃｈｏｔｏｎａｃｕｒｚｏｎｉａｅ)是青藏高原及其毗邻地区主要的草原害鼠之一 ,也是青藏高原的优势鼠种 ,它不仅对草原的破坏严重 ,给草地畜牧业带来很大的经济损失 ,而且是某些自然疫源疾病的宿主动物。更重要的是导致草场的退化 ,引起土壤沙化 ,水、土、肥流失严重 ,草原生态系统受到严重的破坏 ,因此对高原鼠兔的生物学特性、形态、分类、生理学、生态学、行为学及种群动态和在畜牧业生产上的危害等方面的研究引起了动物学家的广泛关注。作者较全面地查阅了有关高原鼠免研究的最新文献 ,现将有关高原鼠兔研究的情况及最新…     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has