石墨化度对炭/炭复合材料力学性能的影响

通过三点弯曲试验,并借助SEM断口形貌分析,研究了石墨化度对炭/炭复合材料抗弯强度的影响,对其断裂机制进行了探讨．试验所用材料的基体为沥青浸渍炭+少量CVD炭,增强体炭纤维由乱短纤维和成束长纤维织成的炭布构成,长纤维沿X-Y平面分层铺开,长纤维层之间是随机分布的乱短纤维层．研究结果表明当石墨化度不同时,复合材料的断裂机制不同;在所研究的石墨化度范围28.4%～77.3%内,随着石墨化度的提高,材料的抗弯强度呈现加速下降的趋势;当石墨化度为77.3%时,材料的抗弯强度仅为石墨化度为28.4%时的60%．在石墨化度较低(如27.4%和56.8%)时,材料中的长纤维呈现以拔出机制为主,裂纹沿长纤维束层与乱短纤维层之间的界面传播;在石墨化度较高(如70.6%和77.3%)时,材料中的长纤维被横向切断,裂纹切过长纤维向前传播．这对炭/炭复合材料的研究、开发具有指导意义．     

铁素体-贝氏体球墨铸铁的初步研究

本文研究了不同比率的铁素体-贝氏体两相组织对球墨铸铁拉伸特性和冲击韧性的影响。当铁素体球墨铸铁在900℃奥氏体化,400℃等温淬火,贝氏体体积分数为54％和93％时,延伸率及断面收缩率均出现两个峰值。实验证明,当铁素体和贝氏体的比率在最佳范围时,能明显提高其强度和韧性。X—射线衍射证实,贝氏体为无碳化物上贝氏体。能获得良好的韧性,主要由于在石墨球周围形成环状组织的无碳化物上贝氏体,可能是这种高强度、高韧性的贝氏体在石墨-贝氏体界面阻止了裂纹萌生的结果。     

C/C复合材料开孔孔隙度和比表面积对其氧化性能的影响

选用光学显微结构为光滑层沉积热解炭、试样的石墨化度近似相等(约为37%)的A,B,C,D,E 5个不同开孔孔隙度和比表面积的C/C复合材料试样(孔隙度和比表面积分别为PA=14.03%,SA=1.463 m2/g; PB=18.01%,SB=2.701 m2/g; PC=24.65%,SC=3.594 m2/g;PD=12.07%,SD=6.527 m2/g; PE=15.79%,SE=6.722 m2/g)在氧气流中进行变温氧化实验;具有不同比表面积和孔隙度的试样F,G,H(PF=15.66%,SF=6.026 m2/g; PG=18.32%, SG=3.573 m2/g; PH=12.16%, SH=2.262 m2/g)在氧气流中进行等温氧化实验;具有不同比表面积和相同孔隙度的试样I,J(PI=13.61%, SI=0.8535 m2/g; PJ=13.60%, SJ=0.4293 m2/g)在马弗炉中进行静态空气氧化实验.结果表明试样的比表面积控制了氧化进度,而与材料孔隙度无直接关系;氧化优先发生在纤维/基体和基体/基体界面,随后沿着界面间裂纹进行.     

镀锌Q&P980钢电阻点焊接头液态金属脆裂纹的形态及分布

当某些固态金属或合金与特定的液态金属或合金直接接触时,在拉伸应力的作用下会出现强度与延伸率下降,以致提前失效的现象,这种现象被称为液态金属脆化.铁与液态锌接触时会出现液态金属脆化.对新一代高强热镀锌QP980钢板进行电阻点焊试验之后,在焊接接头表面发现了裂纹,裂纹内充满了锌金属,认为该裂纹的出现是由于点焊过程中镀锌层熔化,在应力的作用下使钢出现了液态金属脆化现象.液态金属脆化裂纹主要分布在电极压痕区的台阶及外周,且具有不同的深度及形态.     

脉冲电流对球墨铸铁退火组织与性能的影响

在球墨铸铁的高温石墨化过程中采用脉冲电流为辅助手段,研究了脉冲电流对退火处理球墨铸铁力学性能以及渗碳体的石墨化、铁素体转变的影响.经脉冲电流处理后,球墨铸铁的硬度、抗拉强度降低,延伸率增加.SEM分析表明,脉冲电流加速了球墨铸铁的高温石墨化过程,促进了铁素体的转变.脉冲电流处理后石墨形核率的增加是加速渗碳体分解和铁素体转变的主要原因.     

连续冷却淬火贝氏体球墨铸铁的断裂韧性

对抗磨贝氏体球墨铸铁的断裂韧性进行了较为深入的研究。通过两种不同尺寸试样的断裂韧性测定,研究试样尺寸因素对球墨铸铁断裂韧性的影响;通过开疲劳裂纹和线切割裂纹的对比试验,研究裂纹尖端的尖锐程度对球墨铸铁断裂韧性的影响;研究石墨球化质量对球墨铸铁断裂韧性的影响。研究结果表明,试样尺寸大小和开疲劳裂纹与否对球墨铸铁断裂韧性的影响不大,而球化质量则对球墨铸铁的断裂韧性有较大的影响,球化质量好的试样,其断裂韧性值高。     

乙烯基酯树脂的增韧研究

选用PMMA、PVAc、NBR和聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)等线型聚合物增韧乙烯基聚酯树脂。其中NBR和PBA使树脂的拉伸断裂延伸率,由1.47%分别提高到4.58%和6.25%;使冲击强度由11.5 kJ·m~(-2)分别提高到20.3 kJ·m~(-2)、15.0kJ·m~(-2)。利用SEM、动态力学粘弹谱仪等测试了韧化树脂的相结构和动态力学性能。乙烯基酯树脂的增韧,主要靠橡胶相阻止裂纹发展。韧化树脂的固化性能与原树脂基本一致。     

等通道转角挤压对铝青铜力学性能的影响

采用等通道转角挤压（ECAE）工艺对铝青铜(Cu 10%Al 4%Fe)进行热处理,研究了ECAE处理工艺中预热温度、挤压道次及退火处理对铝青铜外观形貌、微观组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明:在650 °C的预热温度下,铝青铜可以顺利通过ECAE挤压通道;随着ECAE挤压道次从1增至4,铝青铜的显微硬度、屈服强度及延伸率显著增加;经500 °C退火60 min处理后,铝青铜的力学性能最佳.     

脱石墨铸铁含油轴承的研究与应用

脱石墨含油铸铁是一种新型的减摩材料.用含碳量为3.2-3.8%,含硅量为4.5～5.0%的铸铁,在820～860℃的温度范围内,进行氧化脱石墨处理可以制得这种材料.本文简要叙述了脱石墨铸铁生产工艺的基本原理;并着重介绍了材料的摩擦磨损特性试验及其在压力机上代替ZQSn6-6-3青铜轴衬的使用效果.     

Fe-6.5% Si合金热轧板焊接接头的组织和力学性能

针对Fe-6.5% Si合金热轧板焊接接头易萌生裂纹的问题,研究了不同氩弧焊工艺对焊接接头显微组织和力学性能的影响规律.研究表明:不使用填充焊丝的TIG焊不适合Fe-6.5% Si合金热轧板焊接,因在焊缝内出现大量显微裂纹;使用工业纯铁焊丝的MIG焊实现了Fe-6.5% Si合金热轧板的良好连接,焊缝表面连续、鱼鳞纹均匀,焊缝内无显微裂纹.稀释硅浓度是改善焊缝区组织和力性的有效方法.优化工艺下的焊接接头在500℃拉伸延伸率5.5%,抗拉强度280 MPa,满足Fe-6.5%Si合金板带制造过程中的温轧工艺要求.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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