微波和磁场强化细菌浸出黄铜矿研究

本文考察了在pH值为2.0的条件下,不同接种量和矿浆浓度下黄铜矿中钢的生物浸出率,选定了最佳的浸出条件.在此基础上研究了黄铜矿的生物强化浸出,采用微波和磁场强化后的水配制培养基,发现在强化后培养基中生长的细菌对黄铜矿的浸出率比普通培养基中的高,微波和磁场结合的情况下二次强化培养基的效果比单独微波和磁场的效果都好.黄铜矿的此种微生物强化浸出方法具有对环境危害小、投资少、能耗低、药剂消耗少等优点.     

不同成因类型黄铜矿细菌浸出钝化

利用嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌为浸矿菌种,采用SEM,XRD和XPS等手段研究2种不同成因类型黄铜矿(黄铁矿型和斑岩型)表面钝化机理.研究结果表明:2种类型黄铜矿表面形成的钝化层性质不同.黄铁矿型黄铜矿浸渣中产生S8和硫砷铜矿,其表面结构疏松;而斑岩型黄铜矿浸渣中出现Cu18.32Fe15.9S32和Cu2S,表面结构致密.黄铁矿型黄铜矿浸渣表面阻碍层为硫及其多聚物,斑岩型黄铜矿浸渣表面为富铜贫铁层.它们阻碍黄铜矿的继续浸出,且富铜贫铁层对黄铜矿的钝化能力强于硫层对黄铜矿的钝化能力.     

用硫酸亚铁浸出低品位锰矿

了用硫酸亚铁还原浸出低品位氧化锰矿的工艺过程，考察了硫酸亚铁的加入量、硫酸初浓度、瓜在温度和浸出的时间等各种工艺参数的影响，讨论了浸出过程的动力学，实验结果表明，在最佳实验条件下，锰的浸出率可达９８％以上，浸出反应速度可用ｌｎ方程描述。     

含铁低品位氧化锌矿石浸出研究

针对含铁低品位氧化锌矿石,进行了碱性浸出与硫酸浸出研究.其中碱性浸出主要考察了采用不同浸出剂时浸出时间以及采用氨水——氯化铵作浸出剂时浸出温度对锌、铁浸出率的影响;硫酸浸出主要考察了硫酸初始浓度、矿浆液固比以及不同硫酸初始浓度时浸出温度和不同浸出温度时浸出时间对锌、铁浸出率的影响.研究结果表明,碱性浸出时锌浸出率不到5...     

低品位钼精矿的浸出反应研究

采用次氯酸钠作浸取剂研究了最佳的浸取条件,并做了浸出反应热力学和动力学分析.实验结果表明,浸取低品位钼矿的最佳工艺参数:液固比L∶S为17∶1,浸取温度为30℃,浸取时间为1h,浸取率为83.40%.浸出反应的△G0值为负值,从热力学角度看,次氯酸钠体系理论上能够对低品位钼矿等进行氧化分解,动力学结果表明:浸出反应符合Arrhenius经验式,反应活化能Ea=13.8 kJ/mol,该浸取反应可以进行.该浸取反应可以进行.     

石英对微生物浸出黄铜矿的作用

为探明石英在微生物浸出铜过程中的作用与影响,选择粒度<43μm的石英,与黄铜矿和黄铁矿形成矿浆浸出体系,考察了石英质量浓度对黄铜矿浸出效果的影响.结果表明:适量的石英,其粒度越细越能促进黄铜矿的浸出.当石英质量浓度为50g·L-1、粒度<43μm时,黄铜矿的浸出率最高可达54·09%,比不添加石英的浸出率提高了近20%;通过对微生物浸出过程的氧化还原电位、pH值、Fe2+、Fe3+变化分析,以及浸渣的扫描电镜和能谱分析发现,石英促进黄铜矿浸出主要表现在能缩短微生物浸出的延迟时间,它对浸出过程新生成的沉淀具有吸附作用,能在一定程度上减轻沉淀对黄铜矿浸出的阻碍.     

黄铁矿促进黄铜矿微生物浸出影响因素

采用摇瓶实验,以氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,At.f)浸出黄铁矿--黄铜矿,重点研究了基础培养基、矿物配比和粒度组成等因素的影响.黄铁矿能促进黄铜矿的微生物浸出,以采用无Fe 9K培养基效果较好,它对应铜浸出率是9K培养基的1.68倍;采用宽粒级矿物时铜浸出效果较好,且铜浸出率与黄铁矿和黄铜矿的质量比有关,当质量比为2∶2时铜浸出率最高可达45.58%;黄铁矿含量大小是影响铜浸出率高低的实质,当质量比小于等于5∶2时以At.f菌的氧化作用为主,当质量比为10∶2时以硫化矿间的原电池效应为主.浸渣的X射线衍射分析表明,采用无Fe 9K培养基时浸渣中生成的钝化物黄钾铁矾较少,故黄铁矿可以很好地替代9K培养基中的FeSO4,并能与黄铜矿形成原电池效应,从而促进铜的浸出.     

黄铜矿的机械活化浸出

进行了机械活化后黄铜矿的物理化学性质变化及其对浸出速度影响的试验．结果表明,黄铜矿在行星磨中机械活化后晶格常数发生变化,晶格畸变增加,化学活性提高,与ＨＮＯ３反应的速度加快,经行星磨活化４０ｍｉｎ后黄铜矿与ＨＮＯ３反应的活化能由未活化时的８１．５ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１降至６５．３ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１,从而可在较低温度及较低浸出剂浓度下实现其有效浸出．     

黄铁矿强化生物浸出低品位磷矿

进行了嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌、嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌与嗜酸氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌的混合菌强化浸出低品位磷矿的实验研究.结果表明:由于试样中硫含量低,不利于该磷矿的生物浸出.提出了在浸矿体系中添加黄铁矿来强化浸出的措施.考察了细菌种类、磷矿与黄铁矿配比以及初始Fe2+质量浓度等参数对磷浸出率的影响.采用驯化菌浸出该磷矿,能获得最佳的浸出效果,其适宜的工艺参数为初始Fe2+质量浓度9g.L-1、磷矿与黄铁矿质量比1:2.5,经过20d浸出,磷的浸出率可达95%.     

中等嗜热菌浸出黄铜矿的温度影响规律及种群组成分析

在不同温度条件下进行浸出实验.研究结果表明:中等嗜热菌在12～55℃时可保持浸矿活性,其最适生长温度为45～50℃,温度达到60℃时初始阶段还保持一定活性,但几天后菌浓度逐渐降低,种群比例发生较大变化;克隆文库分析表明:45℃和60℃条件下浸矿细菌主要为Leptospirillum ferriphilum,Acidithiobacillus caldus,Sulfobacillus thermotolerans和Acidosphaera rubrifaciens,其中Leptospirillum ferriphilum菌所占比例较大,是浸矿过程中的优势菌种.60℃条件下浸出过程中还存在古生菌Ferroplasma cupricumulans,古生菌可以利用其他浸矿菌产生的有机物为能源生长.它们之间对浸出所起的作用是相辅相成的,可共同促进黄铜矿的溶解.     

硫酸中香蕉皮还原低品位锰矿的浸出行为及动力学模型

Manganese was leached from a low-grade manganese ore (LGMO) using banana peel as the reductant in a dilute sulfuric acid medium. The effects of banana peel amount, H₂SO₄ concentration, reaction temperature, and time on Mn leaching from the complex LGMO were studied. A leaching efficiency of ~98% was achieved at a leaching time of 2 h, banana peel amount of 4 g, leaching temperature of 120°C, manganese ore amount of 5 g, and sulfuric acid concentration of 15vol%. The phase, microstructural, and chemical analyses of LGMO samples before and after the leaching process confirmed the successful leaching of manganese. Furthermore, the leaching process followed the shrinking core model and the leaching rate was controlled by a surface chemical reaction (1 ? (1 ? x)1/3 = kt) mechanism with an apparent activation energy of 40.19 kJ·mol?1.     

Reductive leaching of low-grade manganese ore with pre-processed cornstalk

Cornstalk is usually directly used as a reductant in reductive leaching manganese. However, low utilization of cornstalk makes low manganese dissolution ratio. In the research, pretreatment for cornstalk was proposed to improve manganese dissolution ratio. Cornstalk was preprocessed by a heated sulfuric acid solution (1.2 M of sulfuric acid concentration) for 10 min at 80°C. Thereafter, both the pretreated solu-tion and the residue were used as a reductant for manganese leaching. This method not only exhibited superior activity for hydrolyzing corn-stalk but also enhanced manganese dissolution. These effects were attributed to an increase in the amount of reductive sugars resulting from lignin hydrolysis. Through acid pretreatment for cornstalk, the manganese dissolution ratio was improved from 50.14%to 83.46%. The pre-sent work demonstrates for the first time the effective acid pretreatment of cornstalk to provide a cost-effective reductant for manganese leaching.     

Hydrometallurgical application for treating a Nigerian chalcopyrite ore in chloride medium: Part I. Dissolution kinetics assessment

The dissolution kinetics of a Nigerian chalcopyrite ore in hydrochloric acid was studied in this article. Acid concentration, reaction temperature, and ore particle size were chosen as experimental parameters. The chemical and morphological studies of the ore before and after leaching at optimal conditions were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is revealed that increasing the acid concentration and system temperature and decreasing the ore particle size greatly enhances the dissolution rate. The dissolution kinetics was found to follow the shrinking core model for the diffusion control mechanism where the activation energy (E_a) of 32.92 kJ·mol?1 was obtained for the process and supported by morphological changes at a higher dissolution of 91.33%.     

Preparation of manganese sulfate from low-grade manganese carbonate ores by sulfuric acid leaching

In this study, a method for preparing pure manganese sulfate from low-grade ores with a granule mean size of 0.47 mm by direct acid leaching was developed. The effects of the types of leaching agents, sulfuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, and agitation rate on the leaching efficiency of manganese were investigated. We observed that sulfuric acid used as a leaching agent provides a similar leaching efficiency of manganese and superior selectivity against calcium compared to hydrochloric acid. The optimal leaching conditions in sulfuric acid media were determined; under the optimal conditions, the leaching efficiencies of Mn and Ca were 92.42% and 9.61%, respectively. Moreover, the kinetics of manganese leaching indicated that the leaching follows the diffusion-controlled model with an apparent activation energy of 12.28 kJ·mol-1. The purification conditions of the leaching solution were also discussed. The results show that manganese dioxide is a suitable oxidant of ferrous ions and sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate is an effective precipitant of heavy metals. Finally, through chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis, the obtained product was determined to contain 98% of MnSO₄·H₂O.     

不同能源物质对At.f菌浸出低品位铜尾矿的影响

以嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌LD-1菌株(At.f LD-1)为研究对象,研究硫酸亚铁、硫代硫酸钠和黄铁矿3种能源物质对At.f LD-1菌株浸出低品位铜尾矿浸出体系及铜浸出效率的影响.研究结果表明:At.f LD-1菌株浸出铜尾矿初期加入适量的硫酸亚铁、硫代硫酸钠、黄铁矿均能提高铜的浸出效率,其中以硫代硫酸钠的效果最为显著;初始加入二价铁质量浓度为5 g/L时浸出效果较好,46d铜浸出率达35.00%,与不加硫酸亚铁的相比提高13.63%;硫代硫酸钠中S质量浓度为1 g/L时浸铜效果最好,46d铜的浸出率达到38.10%,与不加硫代硫酸钠的相比提高23.70%;加入黄铁矿对提高铜浸出率也能起到促进作用,浸出46d后铜浸出率达34.17%,与不加黄铁矿时相比提高11.00%.     

不同类型黄铜矿的生物浸出研究

研究了两种不同类型(黄铁矿型,斑岩型)黄铜矿生物浸出的差异.实验结果表明:两类黄铜矿生物浸出差别很大,48 d后黄铁矿型黄铜矿浸出率为46.96%,斑岩型黄铜矿浸出率为14.5%.对Fe2+、矿物表面Cu2p谱图和矿床特征的分析发现:适量的Fe2+能促进黄铜矿的浸出,但最佳用量不一样;浸渣表面产物不同,斑岩型黄铜矿表面出现富铜层,阻碍了浸出继续进行;与原矿相比,铜结合能都降低,符合Hiroyoshi等提出黄铜矿浸出的两步溶解模型;两类黄铜矿生物浸出的差异是由成矿岩体、围岩、伴生矿物和元素、成矿温度和压力等因素综合决定的.     

磁场对粉煤灰中重金属淋滤释放特性的影响

对循环流化床锅炉粉煤灰的性质进行了研究,根据磁场对水和矿物作用的一般规律,采用Tessier连续化学浸取方案和连续淋滤方法,研究了磁场对粉煤灰中重金属元素Pb,Cr的淋溶释放特性的影响及其规律．研究表明,外加磁场的大小对铅的溶出有着重要影响,但与溶出铅的浓度不是线性关系,而是存在一个最佳的点或范围．0．1T的磁场强度与pH=4．0的酸度条件下,最有利于铅的溶出．而外加磁场的大小对铬的溶出影响不明显．     

Reductive leaching of manganese from low-grade pyrolusite ore in sulfuric acid using pyrolysis-pretreated sawdust as a reductant

Manganese (Mn) leaching and recovery from low-grade pyrolusite ore were studied using sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) as a leachant and pyrolysis-pretreated sawdust as a reductant. The effects of the dosage of pyrolysis-pretreated sawdust to pyrolusite ore, the concentration of sulfuric acid, the liquid/solid ratio, the leaching temperature, and the leaching time on manganese and iron leaching efficiencies were investigated. Analysis of manganese and iron leaching efficiencies revealed that a high manganese leaching efficiency was achieved with low iron extraction. The optimal leaching efficiency was determined to be 20wt% pyrolysis-pretreated sawdust and 3.0 mol/L H₂SO₄ using a liquid/ solid ratio of 6.0 mL/g for 90 min at 90℃. Other low-grade pyrolusite ores were tested, and the results showed that they responded well with manganese leaching efficiencies greater than 98%.     

改善原地溶浸工艺中矿石破碎质量的力学机理

通过改善矿石的破碎质量,提高矿堆的渗透性,使原地溶浸法开采稳固性和渗透性极差的低品位铜镍矿石成为可能.依据矿石中缺陷存在的情况,应用断裂动力学和损伤力学的观点,着重分析了爆炸应力波能量加载对矿石破裂、损伤行为产生的影响;对矿石块体中贮存爆破动能加载,致使块体产生破裂或损伤的行为进行了探讨.此外,对浸蚀裂解与作用在爆堆上的地压能在破裂或损伤过程中所起的辅助作用进行了讨论.给出了应用中深孔挤压爆破技术,原地崩落低品位铜镍矿石,形成溶浸矿堆的一些相应相关技术参数.分析结果表明采用合理的爆破技术,可以改善应力波和爆破动能的加载条件,能提高矿石块体的破碎质量及累积损伤程度;借助于浸蚀裂解与地压能的作用,可进一步改善堆浸矿石的块体分布,提高溶浸液与有用组分的接触和被浸出的机会.     

低标号素混凝土桩在杭金衢高速公路中的应用

由于杭金衢高速公路某段路基承载力要求较低,对混凝土的抗压强度要求不高,因此该路段加宽软基处理工程采用低标号素混凝土桩的地基处理方式．低标号素混凝土桩可按沉降控制要求设计,然后验算复合地基的承载力和稳定性．根据计算结果,确定低标号素混凝土桩的桩径、桩距及平面布置、桩长、桩体强度和配比,设计褥垫层,注意新老路基的连接．最后对低标号素混凝土桩进行低应变动力质量监测．结果表明,采用低标号素混凝土桩的地基处理方式,地基承载力大大高于设计要求,达到了减小工后沉降、加速施工工期的目的．