温差法制备纳米气泡及温度的影响

通过一系列的实验建立了利用冷水（4±0.1℃）和热水（25～40℃）进行替换即温差法制备界面纳米气泡的方法.原子力显微镜（AFM）观察显示：温差法也能在疏水的高序热解石墨（HOPG）表面上产生稳定的纳米气泡.统计结果显示：热水温度在25～38℃范围内,产生纳米气泡的数量随着热水温度的升高而增多,当热水温度为38℃左右时达到最大值,之后随着热水温度的升高反而减少;每平方微米纳米气泡气体的总体积在37℃时达到最大值;温差法也能产生纳米气层和双层结构,其性质与前人发现的一致.     

Direct observation of monomer film structure of bacteriochlorophyll <Emphasis Type="Italic">c</Emphasis>

The adsorption and assembling of bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c) on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface have been investigated by the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). BChl c molecules are found to self-organize a well-defined adlayer on HOPG surface with a monomeric structure different from the dimer association seen on adlayers of Chls a, c and BChlide c, d. A structural model is proposed for the adlayer.     

Constructing supramolecular nanostructure by hydrogen-bonding

The diquinoxalino （2.3-2＂.3＂-a.c） phenazine （DQP）, containing 6 nitrogen atoms, was synthesized, and its adsorption and self-assembling behavior on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite （HOPG） was studied by scanning tunneling microscopy （STM） under ambient conditions. With 1,14-tetradecanedioic acid as a bridge, uniform two-dimensional arrays of 1,14-tetradecanedioic acid/DQP nanostructure were successfully fabricated. The result illustrates that it is possible to construct and control supramolecular nanostructure by intermolecular hydrogen-bonding.     

磁场作用下壳聚糖希夫碱对铬离子的吸附性能研究

壳聚糖希夫碱是壳聚糖与苯甲醛进行缩合反应的产物。本文在合成壳聚糖希夫碱的基础上;研究该改性壳聚糖对微量金属铬离子Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能;并考察其在磁场作用下吸附能力的变化,研究磁场强度和磁场处理时间等因素对吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响。吸附动力学研究表明：壳聚糖的改性产物壳聚糖希夫碱比改性前的壳聚糖具有较强的吸附Cr(Ⅵ)性能,其吸附饱和浓度可提高两倍以上;达到吸附饱和的时间也能缩短一半。强化吸附效果的试验表明：磁场处理可进一步增强壳聚糖和壳聚糖希夫碱的吸附性能,尤其是对壳聚糖希夫碱吸附性能有大幅度的提高;吸附量和吸附效率与磁处理强度、吸附时间、Cr(Ⅵ)溶液的酸度和浓度等吸附环境条件有关,适当的磁场处理可保证壳聚糖希夫碱对含Cr(VI)废水的高效吸附效果。     

基于聚集诱导发光原理研究三苯胺醛-丙二腈复合物的电化学发光效应

基于聚集诱导发光（AIE）原理研究了三苯胺醛-丙二腈（MT）复合物的电化学发光（ECL）效应,成功合成MT复合物,研究其在水/二甲基亚砜（H₂O/DMSO）体系和牛血清蛋白（BSA）体系中的荧光增强效应.MT溶解于不同配比的H₂O/DMSO时,体系中的聚集效果也不同,随着水含量的增加,荧光效应逐步增强,ECL强度也逐步增强.同时,因为BSA本身具有疏水和亲水基团,当BSA与有机物混合时,疏水部分将复合物包裹在一起,限制其分子中基团的振动和转动,通过BSA体系进行聚集诱导能够观察到非常明显的荧光增强效应及ECL增强效应.文章结合聚集诱导效应和ECL,为ECL探针的研究提供了新的思路.     

Adsorption of polyethyleneimine characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry

Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is a well known gene transfection reagent that has been extensively studied in the pass two decades. In this work, we have explored its physiochemical properties by examining its interfacial adsorption at the hydrophilic silicon oxide/water interface and its ability to immobilize bioactive DNA under physiological conditions. Its surface excess was found to show a gradual increase with pH between pH 3 and pH 10. At pH 7 the surface adsorbed amount increased with increasing salt concentration. The amount of DNA immobilized was found to be controlled by the charge ratio between PEI and DNA under these conditions. Thus, the amount of bioactive DNA immobilized can be tuned by adjusting the amount of PEI preadsorbed. This study provides useful information for fabrication of biosensors and gene chips via interfacial adsorption.     

聚三嗪亚胺的合成及从水溶液中吸附铀

利用熔盐法合成了聚三嗪亚胺(polytriazineimide,PTI),并用来吸附水中的U(VI)。在常温下,PTI对铀的最大饱和吸附量达到了135.5 mg/g,与g-C₃N₄相比,是g-C₃N₄饱和吸附量的54.2倍。通过对动力学与吸附等温线模型的探究,发现PTI对U(VI)的吸附符合准一级动力学模型,说明PTI吸附U(VI)属于物理吸附。同时,Langmuir吸附等温线模型能更好地拟合PTI对U(VI)的吸附过程,说明U(VI)在PTI上属于单层吸附。通过对吸附铀后的材料进行XPS表征,发现铀在吸附后的价态没有改变,仍为U(VI)。     

Preconcentration and Separation of Trace Copper in Water Samples with Nanometer-Size TiO2 Colloid and Determination by FAAS

A new absorbent of nanometer-size TiO2 colloid for Cu(Ⅱ) was studied in this work. The adsorption rate could reach above 99% when the pH values were at the range of 5-6. The adsorption balance time, adsorption capacities, and the eluent were investigated. A novel method of trace Cu(Ⅱ) preconcentration and separation with nanometer-size titanium dioxide colloid and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was advanced. The detection limit (3σ) of the method was 1.15 μg· L~(-1) , and the relative standard deviation (R.S.D) was 1.53% (n=6). Environmental sample experiments were also conducted to test the feasibility of the method, and it came out that the recovery rates were between 95.9% and 97.8%.     

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Based on GO-QDs as Enhanced Fluorescent Nanoscale Device for Specific Recognition of Target Protein

In this work the enhanced molecularly imprinted optosensing material based on graphene oxide-quantum dots （ GO- QDs） was synthesized for highly selective and sensitive specific recognition of the target protein, bovine serum albumin （BSA）. Here, GO was introduced to enhance the efficiency of mass-transfer in recognition of target protein. Molecularly imprinted polymer coated GO-QDs using BSA as template （BMIP-coated GO-QDs ） exhibited a fast mass-transfer speed, which could be ascribed to the high volume of efficient surface area and high target recognition efficiency of the synthesized nanoscale device. Under optimal conditions, it was found that the BSA as target protein could remarkably quench the relative fluorescence intensity of BMIP- coated GO-QDs linearly in a concentration-dependent manner that was best described by a Stern-Volmer equation. The Ksv （Stern- Volmer constant） for template BSA was much higher than bovine hemoglobin （BHb） and lysozyme （Lyz）, implying a highly selective recognition ability of the BMIP-coated GO-QDs to BSA. This enhanced fluorescent nanoscale device may provide opportunities to develop a system that is efficient and effective and has potential in the design of highly effective fluorescent receptor for recognition of target protein in Droteomics studies.     

蛋白质、胆固醇对卵磷脂囊泡稳定性的影响

用卵磷脂、胆固醇和蛋白质所形成的囊泡模拟细胞膜,利用Langmuir膜天平、Zeta电势研究卵磷脂、胆固醇和蛋白质分子之间的相互作用,以及通过停留法和TEM等方法从Gemini(双子)表面活性剂对细胞膜结构破坏方面来探讨不同组分对囊泡的稳定性的影响.实验结果表明,囊泡中的蛋白质、胆固醇和卵磷脂分子之间是相互吸引的.相对于卵磷脂囊泡,混合体系囊泡更加稳定.表面活性剂是通过静电吸引力和疏水效应嵌入囊泡的双分子层中,导致囊泡被破坏.通过动力学实验得到Gemini表面活性剂对囊泡破坏过程的活化能,进一步证明加入蛋白质、胆固醇能够使卵磷脂囊泡更加稳定.     

PLGA基载药复合微球的制备及其释放性能

以聚乳酸-羟基乙酸(PLGA)为载体材料,牛血清蛋白(BSA)为蛋白模型药物,采用复相乳化溶剂法制备PLGA载药微球,探索载药微球制备过程中囊芯比、初乳水油比、分散剂浓度、超声乳化时间对微球粒径大小、载药率、包封率的影响。结果表明,最优载药微球的制备条件为:囊芯比1:1,初乳水油比3:5,分散剂质量分数0.5%,超声乳化时间2 min。在此条件下,所得PLGA微球的粒径为268.7 nm,载药率30.88%,包封率46.95%; 电镜照片表明微球表面连续光滑,粒径分布较均匀。采用静电吸附法用阳离子聚电解质壳聚糖对最佳条件下的PLGA载药微球进行表面修饰,扫描电镜表明复合后微球粒径变大,能谱分析表明复合后微球中有N元素存在,即复合微球中存在壳聚糖,电荷测试表明微球表面带正电; 体外释放实验表明PLGA-CS复合载药微球的缓释时间延长,释药初期的突释性明显改善。     

Application of Nanometer-Size Titanium Dioxide in Extreme-Trace V（Ⅴ） Analysis

0Introduction Vanadiumplaysanimportantroleinmodernindustry,es peciallyinsteelandchemicalindustry.Forinstance,itscompoundsarewidelyappliedintheproceduresofvitrioland petroleumchemicalmanufactureascatalyzers[14].Vanadium hasseveralvalences,butgenerallyitslowvalencesturnintohighoneseasilyinenvironment[5].BecauseV(Ⅴ)isthemost stableandpoisonousone,weoftenlayemphasisonitinenvi ronmentalpollutioncontrol.Vanadiumexistsinenvironmentalwaterwithextremelylowconcentration.Inseawateritscontentislessthan…     

Self-assembly of 4-（amyloxy） cinnamic acid on HOPG and its photoinduced transformation： An STM study

With the development of the nanoscience and nanotechnology, scientists try to use single molecule to fabricate electronic device, and the so-called “bot- tom-up” technology was considered to be one of the effective methods, which constructs molecular el…     

Protein adsorption on the poly（L-lactic acid） surface modified by chitosan and its derivatives

Surface modification of biomaterials has been adopted over the years to improve their biocompatibility. In this study, aiming to promote hydrophilicity and to introduce natural recognition sites onto poly（L-lactic acid） （PLLA） films, chitosan and its derivatives, carboxymethyl chitosan（CMC） and N-methylene phosphonic chitosan （NPC）, were used to modify the surface of PLLA films by an entrapment method. Radiolabeled （^125I） proteins were used to measure the amount of protein adsorbed to PLLA surfaces. Fibronectin （Fn） was used to study the protein adsorption on the modified PLLA surfaces, including isotherm adsorption and adsorption kinetics of single protein, competitive adsorption of binary proteins system and serum multi-proteins and the desorption behavior in serum solution. The results showed that in the isotherm adsorption, Fn had a larger adsorption capacity on the CS-modified surface at lower concentrations, but had a high adsorption capacity at CMC-modified surface at higher concentrations. In the study of absorption kinetics, Fn had a fastest adsorption equilibrium and a highest equilibrium adsorption capacity at the CS-modified surface, while it was opposite at the PCS-modified surface. When BSA and serum were added, it had the greatest effect on the adsorption of Fn on the PCS-modified surface. After 6 hours soaking in the desorpUon study, Fn had reached desorption equilibrium on all the modified surfaces, which had different effects on the desorption rate and the remaining percentage of Fn.     

Spectroscopic investigation of the interactions between gold nanoparticles and bovine serum albumin

The interactions between bovine serum albumin(BSA) and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) ,and the conformational changes of BSA induced by this interaction,were investigated by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy,fluorescence spectroscopy,and Fourier transform infrared in combination with attenuated total reflection spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR) .The critical adsorption density for preventing AuNP aggregation in 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffered saline(pH 7.2) was 23 BSA molecules per gold particle or 3.8×1012 BSA molecules/cm2.BSA bound to the AuNPs with high affinity(binding constant Ks=7.59×108 L/mol) ,and the intrin-sic fluorescence of BSA was quenched by the AuNPs in accordance with the static quenching mechanism.Both fluorescence spectroscopy and ATR-FTIR showed that AuNPs induced conformational changes in BSA,which resulted in it becoming less compact and increased the polarity of the microenvironment around the tryptophan residue Trp-212.     

Analysis of biomarkers for the cross-linkage of formaldehyde with bovine serum albumin peptides

Formaldehyde, a well-known environmental toxic hazard, has been found to produce endogenously via semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase-catalyzed oxidative deamination of methylamine. In diabetes, the activity of SSAO has been found to increase with a subsequent increase in endogenous formaldehyde production. It has been postulated that SSAO-induced production of formaldehyde may be involved in the alteration of protein structure, which may subsequently cause protein deposition associated with chronic pathological disorders. Formaldehyde has also been found to react （cross-link） with amino group of the N-terminal amino acid residue and with the side-chains of arginine, cysteine, histidine and lysine residues. Therefore, formaldehyde may be responsible, at least in part, for protein cross-linkage, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. The cross-linking of formaldehyde with bovine serum albumin was studied using LC-MS and Mascot database. The peptides sequence for control BSA （untreated） digested with trypsin was matched in the online database search query by exporting the MS/MS data to online MASCOT database. In this way, a total of twenty-seven peptides were matched in the database search query. These twenty-seven peptides were then searched manually in all of the tryptic BSA samples treated with different concentrations of FA that were incubated in different time intervals. Six formaldehyde-treated BSA peptides （FKDLGEEHFK, HLVDEPQNLIK, KVPQVSTPTLVEVSR, RPCFSALTPDETYVPK, LVNELTEFAK, DAFLGSFLYEYSR） were found to be the possible markers for formaldehyde-protein/peptides adducts.     

Equilibrium,Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Adsorption of Methylene Blue onto a Metal-Organic Frameworks Material,Copper Coordination Polymer with Dithiooxamide

The equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics of the adsorption of methylene blue （MB） from aqueous solution onto copper coordination polymer with dithiooxamide （H2dtoaCu） , one of the metal-organic frameworks （MOFs）, were investigated in a batch adsorption system as a function of initial pH, adsorbent concentration, contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature. The Langmnir, Freundlich, and Dubinin- Radushkevich （D-R） isotherm models were used for modeling the adsorption equilibrium. It was found that Langmuir model yielded a much better fit than the Freundlich model under different temperatures. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of MB were 192.98, 229.86, and 297.38 mg/g at 298, 308, and 318 K, respectively. The calculated mean adsorption energy （8.26- 11.04 kJ/mol） using D-R model indicated that the adsorption process might take place by chemical adsorption mechanism. Otherwise, the kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process could be well explained by pseudo-second-order rate kinetics and intraparticle diffusion was not the rate-limiting step. Thermodynamic studies indicated that this system was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic process. Based on these studies, H2dtoaCu can be considered as a potential adsorbent for the removal of MB from aqueous solution.     

Direct observation of monomer film structure of bacteriochlorophyll c

The adsorption and assembling of bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c) on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface have been investigated by the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). BChl c molecules are found to self-organize a well-defined adlayer on HOPG surface with a monomeric structure different from the dimer association seen on adlayers of Chls a, c and BChlide c, d. A structural model is proposed for the adlayer.     

Halogen bonded two-dimensional supramolecular assemblies studied by high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy

We described the formation of self-organized two-dimensional (2D) assemblies of N-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro- 4-iodophenyl)hexadecylamine and 1-dodecyl-imidazole at the liquid/HOPG interface. The two-dimen- sional assemblies showed a fishbone-like pattern structure as revealed by high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy. Although different interactions can drive the formation of 2D assemblies, as far as we know, this is the first report on halogen bond-driven 2D assemblies.     

铁负载膨润土对铀(VI)的吸附特性及机理研究

采用膨润土经提纯、钠化及负载铁等过程制备铁负载膨润土,通过静态吸附实验研究了pH、离子强度、吸附剂投加量、U（Ⅵ）初始浓度、阳离子Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋以及阴离子CO3^2-、HCO3^-等对铁负载膨润土吸附模拟废水中U（Ⅵ）的影响,进行了吸附过程动力学、热力学分析,并利用傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）探讨了相关吸附机理.试验结果表明,pH值和离子强度是影响吸附效果的重要因素,当溶液pH为6,离子强度为0.01 mol/L NaNO3,U（Ⅵ）初始浓度为19.08 mg/L,铁负载膨润土投加量为0.2 g/L,24 h吸附量达到88.06 mg/g.当pH〈6时,Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋、CO3^2-、HCO3^-的存在分别降低了铁负载膨润土对U（Ⅵ）的吸附效果,而pH〉7时影响作用不大.准二级动力学和Langmuir等温吸附模型对铁负载膨润土吸附U（Ⅵ）的拟合效果较好,SEM和FT-IR分析结果表明铁负载膨润土主要通过羟基络合及离子交换作用结合U（Ⅵ）进入其层间及表面.