Excitatory effect of histamine on neuronal activity of rat cerebellar fastigial nucleus in vitro

The cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) holds an important role in motor control and body balance. Previous studies have revealed that the nucleus is innervated by direct hypothalamocerebellar histaminergic fibers. However, the functional role of histaminergic projection in cerebellar FN has never been established. In this study, we investigated the effect of histamine on neuronal firing of cerebellar FN by using slice preparations. Sixty-five FN cells were recorded from 47 cerebellar slices, and a vast majority of the cells responded to histamine stimulation with an excitatory response (58/65, 89.2%). Perfusing slices with low-Ca2 /high-Mg2 medium did not block the histamine-induced excitation (n=10), supporting a direct postsynaptic action of histamine on the cells. Furthermore, the excitatory effect of histamine on FN neurons was not blocked by selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist triprolidine (n=15) or chlorpheniramine (n=10), but was effectively suppressed by ranitidine (n=15), a highly selective histamine H2 receptor antagonist. On the other hand, highly selective histamine H2 receptor agonist dimaprit (n=20) instead of histamine H1 receptor agonist 2-pyridylethylamine (n=16) mimicked the ex- citatory effect of histamine on FN neurons. The dimaprit-induced FN neuronal excitation was effectively antagonized by selective histamine H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine (n=13) but not influenced by se- lective histamine H1 receptor antagonist triprolidine (n=15). These results demonstrate that histamine excites cerebellar FN cells via the histamine H2 receptor mechanism and suggest that the hypotha- lamocerebellar histaminergic fibers may modulate cerebellar FN-mediated sensorimotor integration through their excitatory innervations on FN neurons.     

Modulation of neuronal activity of cerebellar fastigial nucleus by locus coeruleus stimulation in the rat

The effects of stimulating locus coeruleus (LC) on neuronal activity of cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) was investigated. Stimulation of LC elicited inhibitory, excitatory and biphasic (inhibition-excitation) responses from FN cells. The majority of responsive cells showed an inhibitory response with a latency of less than 10 ms. Injection of α adrenoreceptor antagonists phentolamine (ⅳ) could block the inhibitory response of FN cells to the LC stimulation, but propranolol (ⅳ), a β adrenoreceptor antagonist, could not. These results suggest that LC-cerebellar noradrenergic afferent fibers may be involved in the cerebellar sensorimotor integration process by exerting their modulatory action on the cerebellar nuclear cells' activities.     

刺激家兔小脑顶核对动脉血压和呼吸的影响

实验用家兔３７只，戊巴比妥钠麻醉，自然呼吸，其中２７只采用电刺激小脑项核，１０只为顶核内微量注射神经元胞体兴奋剂（Ｌ－谷氨酸钠）．观察到电刺激小脑顶核能引起动脉血压显著升高，但心电图记录无明显变化；呼吸运动明显加深加快，肺通气量显著增加．而项核内微量注射Ｌ－谷氨酸钠．则出现动脉血压降低，心率无明显变化，呼吸也无显著性变化．提示顶核神经元兴奋产全降压作用，而电刺激所致的升压和呼吸反应可能与顶核周围的神经纤维兴奋有关．     

组织胺在兔十二指肠纵肌收缩中的作用及递质间的相互关系

以家兔离体十二指肠纵肌方向的张力为指标，观察了乙酰胆碱（Ａｃｈ）、去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）、组织胺（Ｈｉｓｔａｍｉｎｅ）对十二指肠的作用，探讨了组织胺对Ａｃｈ，ＮＥ的调制作用．实验表明，在正常情况下兔离体十二指肠收缩活动比较规律，并出现梭形波，纵肌的张力变化呈现周期性．Ａｃｈ对十二指肠的作用依其剂量的不同而不同．ＮＥ通过β抑制性受体对十二指肠产生抑制作用，而β兴奋性受体和α兴奋性受体介导兴奋．组织胺对十二指肠的作用与肠的机能状态有关，Ｈ１型受体介导兴奋．阈下剂量的组织胺可激活ＮＥ的α受体使ＮＥ表现为兴奋作用，对Ａｃｈ具有调制作用     

杏仁核注射5-HT对慢性应激抑郁大鼠胃运动的影响

运用慢性不可预见性温和应激建立抑郁模型,通过体重变化率、糖水偏好、敞箱等实验方法观察大鼠行为表现及胃运动,探讨慢性应激性抑郁大鼠胃活动的变化及杏仁核注射5-HT对慢性不可预见性应激引起的胃活动变化的影响.结果显示,慢性不可预见性应激引起大鼠体重呈负增长,糖水偏好率、敞箱实验评分显著降低;应激大鼠平均胃内压及胃收缩幅度也显著降低;杏仁核注射5-HT能明显改变应激性抑郁导致的胃活动减弱,5-HT1A受体阻断剂能明显影响5-HT的作用;切断双侧膈下迷走神经,杏仁核注射5-HT增强胃运动的效应被消除.以上结果说明,慢性不可预见性应激性抑郁可导致胃运动减弱,杏仁核注射5-HT可加强抑郁状态下胃运动,而5-HT的这种效应部分是由1A型受体介导,经迷走神经传出.     

下丘脑室旁核NOS／NO系统对心血管活动的调节（综述）

下丘脑室旁核（PVN）是重要的心血管活动调节中枢。PVN分布有一氧化氮（NOS）神经元,合成并释放一氧化氮（NO）。NO通过抑制各级交感神经中枢,以及影响神经内分泌活动,对心血管活动进行调节。     

三七总皂苷对新生大鼠海马神经干细胞活性影响及促分化作用

目的研究三七总皂苷对海马神经干细胞活性的影响和分化作用。方法体外培养海马神经干细胞,分别接种于96孔板和12孔板,96孔板细胞按三七总皂苷不同浓度梯度和同一浓度的不同时间点进行干预,应用MTT法检测海马神经干细胞的OD值,观察三七总皂苷对海马神经干细胞活性的影响;12细胞孔板分为对照组和给药组,应用免疫荧光染色方法检测神经元新生特异抗原（Tuj-1）和胶质细胞新生抗原（Vimentin）的表达,以观察三七总皂苷对海马神经干细胞分化的影响。结果（1）一定浓度范围内三七总皂苷能增强海马神经干细胞活性;（2）三七总皂苷能促进海马神经干细胞向神经元和胶质细胞方向分化。结论三七总皂苷能增强海马神经干细胞的活性并能促进海马神经干细胞分化。     

低氧对大鼠胃肠组织线粒体呼吸链复合物的抑制效应

为研究低氧环境对大鼠胃肠线粒体呼吸链复合物活性和自由基代谢的影响,将雄性Wister大鼠分别暴露于模拟5 000m海拔进行4,24,72h的低氧处理.取小肠和胃组织,采用分光光度法测定线粒体呼吸链酶复合物CⅠ~CⅣ活性,检测线粒体超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)的含量.结果表明,模拟高原低氧暴露4,24h可引起胃肠组织中线粒体呼吸链四种复合酶的活性明显降低(P0.01),而在72h后恢复为接近对照组水平(P0.05).低氧处理后胃肠组织的线粒体SOD活性明显低于对照组(P0.01),MDA含量高于对照组(P0.01).因此,高原低氧可抑制大鼠胃肠线粒体呼吸链组分的酶活性,该效应可能与低氧的直接作用和由此引起的氧化应激损伤有关.