Evaluation criteria for gas source rocks of marine carbonate in China

Hydrocarbon generating and expulsion simulation experiments are carried out using samples artifically matched between the acid-dissolved residue of relatively low-maturity limestone and the original sample. This work makes up for the insufficiency of source rock samples with high abundance of organic matters and low maturity in China. The organic carbon content of the 10 prepared samples varies between 0.15% and 0.74%. Pyrolysis data and simulation experiment results of hydrocarbon generating and expulsion, which were obtained by a high-temperature and high-pressure open system, indicate that the lower limit of organic carbon content for marine carbonate rock to generate and expel hydrocarbons is 0.23%—0.31%. In combination with the numerical analysis of organic carbon in marine carbonate rocks from Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin, Ordos Basin and North China, as well as the contribution of these gas source rocks to the discovered gas pools, we think that the organic carbon criterion for carbonate gas source rocks should be 0.3%.     

Kinetic study of the hydrocarbon generation from marine carbonate source rocks characterization of products of gas and liquid hydrocarbon

The kinetic parameters of hydrocarbon generation from the marine carbonate source rocks were determined and calibrated through kinetic simulating experiment. The kinetic parameters of hydrocarbon generation then were extrapolated to geological condition by using the relative software. The result shows that gaseous hydrocarbons (C_1, C_2, C_3, C_(4-5)) were generated in condition of 150℃相似文献   

海相碳酸盐烃源岩生烃潜力模糊评价方法

烃源岩主要包括泥岩、页岩和碳酸盐岩。因此,海相碳酸盐岩烃源岩也是油气成藏和含油气系统的基础。对 于海相碳酸盐岩烃源岩的评价,通常只侧重于物理化学性质的研究。由于不同的沉积盆地在沉积古环境,母质类型的 输入以及有机质所经历的热演化程度等方面差异较大,仅以烃源岩物理化学性质为侧重点的烃源岩评价方法很难评 价不同沉积盆地中烃源岩的生烃潜力。因此,为了快速有效评价碳酸盐烃源岩生烃能力,对有机质丰度、有机质类型、 有机质成熟度和生烃过程4 个方面因素进行分析研究,确定了海相碳酸盐岩烃源岩生烃潜力评价指标体系。并运用层 次分析法和模糊数学,建立烃源岩生烃潜力评价新模型;避免了在碳酸盐岩烃源岩评价过程中由于参数过多而导致的 矛盾现象,避免了选取参数时的盲目性,提高了烃源岩评价效率。在渤海湾盆地进行了生烃潜力评价,实际应用表明 该方法快速、实用、可靠,具有一定的推广价值。     

海相碳酸盐岩和泥岩生烃动力学特征对比分析

选取三塘湖灰岩和下马岭页岩分别代表海相泥岩和海相碳酸盐岩开展开放体系下的生烃动力学实验,动力学模拟结果表明三塘湖灰岩成油、成气活化能基本为单一活化能分布,下马岭页岩活化能呈现多活化能分布的特点。将两样品的动力学参数结合塔里木盆地满东1井区埋藏史-热史进行地质应用,结果表明海相碳酸盐岩的生油门限（2000m）较海相泥岩的生烃门限（3000m）浅,但在5000m以前,海相泥岩的生油速率较慢;而海相碳酸盐岩的生气门限比海相泥岩的生气门限大,在6000m左右二者都达到生气高峰,但碳酸盐岩的成气转化率增加速率比较大。     

铀对Ⅰ型低熟烃源岩生烃演化的影响

在Ⅰ型低熟烃源岩中加入砂岩型铀矿石的条件下进行生烃模拟实验,对比无铀-加铀样品生烃模拟实验产物的相关参数,探讨油气生成过程中无机铀所起的作用。结果表明:铀的存在促使长链烃类在400℃后裂解成低相对分子质量短链烃,烃类相对分子质量降低,向干气演化,CO2和H2大量生成,且铀的存在使得这一变化的温度点提前50℃;铀可以促进总油生成高峰的提前到来;350℃为铀使烯烃产量变化的转折温度点,烯烃开始向烷烃转变;铀的存在能提高模拟实验中生成的烯烃的异构化程度,并在整体上使生成的烯烃分子在晶格中排得更加紧密;加铀的烃源岩样品的生烃模拟实验产物在族组成、饱和烃气相色谱、生物标志化合物等方面表现出更加成熟的特征,铀可以使有机质的成熟度提高,有利于低熟烃源岩早期生成低熟油气,使铀的存在成为未熟-低熟油气形成的可能无机促进因素之一,这种提前生成的少量油气可以使所在储层变为亲油性,为后期大规模生成的油气运移成藏提供有利的条件,使得即使是致密的储层,也能形成大规模的工业油气藏。     

叠合盆地古老深层碳酸盐岩油气成藏过程和特征——以四川叠合盆地震旦系灯影组为例

四川叠合盆地震旦系(埃迪卡拉系)灯影组是目前中国最古老的油气产层,勘探历史超过50年。其有效烃源岩主要是下寒武统筇竹寺组,储集层主要为灯影组微生物白云岩与受桐湾运动影响形成的风化壳储集层,直接盖层为筇竹寺组泥岩;生储盖组合从层位上来讲主要是上(新)生下(老)储顶盖型,从空间分布来讲主要是旁生侧储顶盖型。其油气成藏过程为"四中心"(生烃中心、生气中心、储气中心和保气中心)耦合,生烃中心生成的油气运移至古构造形成古油藏(生气中心),古油藏内石油深埋裂解形成古气藏(储气中心),受盆地内晚期快速隆升和盆缘造山带影响,灯影组古气藏内的天然气沿灯影组顶不整合面再次发生长距离运移调整成藏或破坏,形成现今天然气藏(保气中心)。灯影组天然气成藏或破坏有5种模式,即高石梯型、威远型、通南巴型、焦石坝型和丁山-林滩场型。四川叠合盆地震旦系灯影组的长期勘探和深入研究揭示出叠合盆地古老深层碳酸盐岩油气成藏特征是:(1)烃源岩生物类型低等化和有机质高演化;(2)储集层成岩强度大、演化时间长,趋于致密化,上覆负荷作用可能导致深层储集层质量变差;(3)油气成藏过程具烃态(固、液、气)转变和多阶段性,油气分布具有突出的差异性和多因素联控;(4)油气形成和保存的关键因素是烃源充足、保存条件佳和构造稳定。     

柴达木盆地德令哈拗陷中侏罗统烃源岩有机地球化学特征

柴达木盆地德令哈拗陷中侏罗统广泛发育,是该区主要的烃源岩层系.野外地质调查及有机地球化学分析表明,中侏罗统烃源岩主要以油页岩、泥岩、碳质泥岩和煤为主.油页岩有机碳的质量分数平均为7.95%,有机质类型属Ⅰ-Ⅱ型,为好生油岩;泥岩的有机质丰度交化大,但80%以上的样品有机碳的质量分数大于1%,65%样品的有机碳的质量分数...     

川中—川西南地区雷三段碳酸盐烃源岩生烃评价

评价川中—川西南地区中三叠统雷口坡组第三段暗色碳酸盐烃源岩的生烃能力,预测雷口坡组天然气新的勘探领域.在典型钻井岩心和岩屑样品的有机地球化学特征分析基础上,结合测井解释TOC技术,刻画出27口井的有效烃源岩厚度,并且应用有机质热模拟参数法对各井烃源岩的生气强度进行定量计算.研究表明:暗色碳酸盐烃源岩的残余有机碳质量分数...     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin,China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation potential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin, China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation po- tential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.     

烃源岩排烃门限在生排油气作用中的应用

对于烃源岩的判别标准,目前仍广泛存在争议。主张以排烃门限的概念来确定有效排烃源岩、研究有效排烃源岩的生排烃量及其生排烃特征,以此来综合认识烃源岩的排烃历史和排烃过程。在研究过程中,首先根据烃源岩排烃品质评价图版判别排烃源岩,其次,根据排烃模型定量研究源岩的排烃特征。冀东探区高柳构造带古近系沙河街组三段（Es3）烃源岩的实例研究表明,其排烃门限深度对应的Ro 为0.78%。只有进入该排烃门限的烃源岩才能大量排烃,随热演化程度的增大,源岩排烃率和排烃效率逐渐增大。高柳构造带沙三段烃源岩的最大排烃强度超过450.00×104 t/km2,平均排烃强度为315.67×104 t/km2,排烃量总计9.47×108 t,排烃高峰时期是馆陶期,油气资源量可达到2.08×108 t。     

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组四、五段泥岩生烃潜力评价

为了重新认识鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长4 +5段湖相泥岩的生烃潜力 ,对其进行了有机地球化学综合研究和油源对比 ,利用单井盆地模拟恢复了其生烃史 ,并进行了生烃强度分析和生烃量计算 ,结果表明 :长4 +5段湖相沉积范围近 6× 1 0 4 km2 ,长4 +5段湖相泥岩有机质丰度较高 ,氯仿沥青“A”质量分数多数超过 0 .2 % ,有机碳含量和生烃潜量 S1+S2 分别在 0 .5 4 %～ 4.87%和 0 .5 8～8.0 8mg/g之间 ,属于中等到较好的烃源岩 ;长4 +5段湖相泥岩有机质类型以 型为主 ,泥岩样品热模拟烃产率达 447.2 6 mg/g TOC,具有很高的生烃潜力 .长4 +5段湖相泥岩生物标志物特征与中生界原油和长 7段泥岩相似 .长4 +5段泥岩 Ro值在 0 .5 8%～ 0 .96 %之间 ,现处于低成熟到成熟阶段 ,地史上距今 1 1 0～ 90 Ma处于生油窗阶段 ,最大生烃强度 40× 1 0 4 t/km2 ,期望生烃量 1 1 1 .1 3× 1 0 8t     

Main controlling factors for hydrocarbon reservoir formation and petroleum distribution in Cratonic Area of Tarim Basin

The Cratonic Area of the Tarim Basin is lo-cated in the central part of the basin, developing primarilywith Cambrian marine source rocks and secondly Middle toUpper Ordovician marine and Carboniferous-Permiantransitional facies source rocks. The source rocks werematured in the changeable period and space, formingmultiple hydrocarbon generating centers during the periods.The Cratonic Area experienced multiple tectonic orogenies,forming several palaeouplifts. The matching conditionbetween effective hydrocarbon generating centers and thepalaeouplifts in various periods is the main control factor forthe formation and distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs.The palaeouplifts have experienced multiple hydrocar-bon-filling phases, several periods of modifications and evenbreakdown. The palaeouplifts and the adjacent slopesaround the effective hydrocarbon generating center composethe most favorable places for hydrocarbon accumulation.The hydrocarbon phase is related with the evolution of thehydrocarbon generating center. In the Tarim Basin'sCratonic Area, reservoirs were mostly formed during lateHercynian. The originally formed hydrocarbon reservoirswhich are adjacent to source kitchens and in the goodpreservation condition are the most favorable prospectingtargets. Hydrocarbon is richly accumulated under theregional caprock, surrounding the faulted trends, and overand below the unconformity surfaces. Reservoirs in theCarboniferous sandstone, Ordovician karstic weatheredcrust and carbonate rock inside the buried hill compose themain intervals for hydrocarbon accumulation. Carboni-ferous and Silurian sandstone pinchout reservoirs andcarbonate lithologic reservoirs with rich fractures and poresare the main targets for further prospecting.     

环湾论——鄂尔多斯盆地延长组深层石油成藏规律

探讨鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组湖湾区暗色泥岩生烃潜力及环湖湾区石油成藏规律。通过分析湖湾区暗色泥岩生烃指标(TOC、S1+S2、HI、氯仿沥青"A"含量、烃含量、干酪根类型及有机质成熟度)、原油成熟度,综合湖湾区分流河道砂岩发育特征及与泥岩接触关系分析,结果表明:1湖湾区暗色泥岩为好-中等烃源岩,可以成为生烃灶;2延伸入湖湾区的分流河道砂岩、湖湾砂坝砂岩为石油运移通道,石油由湖湾沿分流河道向外运移;3湖湾西侧发育砂岩上倾尖灭圈闭,湖湾内砂坝为透镜体状岩性圈闭;4由湖湾近源运移到岩性圈闭中形成侧生侧储或自生自储岩性油藏。该结果使鄂尔多斯盆地延长组的生烃区面积及石油勘探区域得到扩大。     

索尔库里盆地侏罗系烃源岩有机地球化学特征

在油气勘探中,烃源岩的研究占有重要组成部分。侏罗系烃源岩在索尔库里盆地主体部位广泛分布,面积3 875.7km~2,最大厚度300 m以上,分布在盆地中南部。对索尔库里盆地侏罗系烃源岩样品进行有机地球化学分析。通过研究生物标记化合物来分析有机质的类型、成熟度和沉积环境。结果表明:研究样品中饱和烃馏分含量较高,在33%~75%之间。烃源岩样品Pr/Ph分布范围在0.49~0.99之间,说明其具有还原沉积环境;三环萜烷/霍烷分布范围为0.27~2.64,r-/0.5C_(31)丰度平均值为0.34,具有明显的淡水沉积环境特征。样品规则甾烷均呈C_(27) C_(28) C_(29)的V字型分布,认为烃源岩以偏腐泥混合型母质为主。藿烷与甾烷的成熟度参数存在差异,说明了烃源岩可能受到微生物降解作用。因此,对索尔库里盆地侏罗系烃源岩的研究,为以后该区的油气勘探提供一定的科学依据。     

从单组分地化属性看碳酸盐源岩成烃特征

两种重要生烃组分粘球性藻和虾蛄PY -GC研究表明 ,碳酸盐源岩在不同成熟阶段 ,有机质成烃存在着显著差异。动物型有机质成烃明显早于藻类有机质 ,生油量远不及藻类 ,动物型有机质大量生油集中于低熟阶段 ,而藻类有机质大量生油位于成熟阶段。同时 ,动物型有机质成烃途径为脂肪烃缩合 ,藻类成烃主要是脂族链及侧链断裂和芳环缩聚。     

烃源岩评价中的若干问题

烃源岩评价一直是分析盆地或凹陷油气勘探前景的一项重要工作,然而目前烃源岩评价及其生烃潜力估算还存在一些问题,为正确评价盆地或凹陷的烃源岩,正确估算其生烃潜力,从烃源岩有机质丰度、有机质类型、成熟度、规模和生烃模拟5个方面分析了当前烃源岩评价中存在的问题,并分别提出了改进的方法或评价思路.     

缝合线对碳酸盐岩油气生排运聚的作用

探讨缝合线对碳酸盐岩中油气生成、运移、聚集的意义 .通过碳酸盐岩缝合线分布、形成及有机碳含量与热解参数的分析 ,并结合实际测量缝合线在碳酸盐岩剖面上一般所占的厚度很小 ,并且呈分散状态存在 ,可以生烃 ,也可以排出一部分 ,但由于其生成和排出的量都比较小 ,故很难作为有效的烃源岩 .通常在有明显的缝合线分布的碳酸盐岩地层中 ,其基质中碳酸盐含量很高 ,有机质丰度却很低 ,所以该基质一般也不能作为有效的烃源岩 .通常只有具有一定厚度 ,并且分布较稳定的含泥或泥质碳酸盐岩才可作为良好的烃源岩 .由于缝合线具有较高的孔隙度 ,可作为油气和其它流体运移的通道 .同时 ,溶蚀作用可在缝合线中形成孔洞 ,作为油气聚集的场所 .     

鄂尔多斯盆地长9烃源岩评价

近年来长9优质烃源岩的发现,及相邻的长8、9、10储层中好的油气显示和工业油流的获得,表明长9可能是一套重要的潜在烃源岩。对鄂尔多斯盆地长9烃源岩生烃潜力进行了定性和定量评价。结果表明,鄂尔多斯盆地长9优质烃源岩主要集中在志丹、英旺地区,计算得出鄂尔多斯盆地长9烃源岩油气资源量分别为(2.09～4.17)×108 t和(0.06～0.12)×1011 m3。由于英旺地区排烃效率较低,资源量主要集中在志丹地区。因此,在志丹地区进行油气勘探时应考虑长9烃源岩的贡献。     

渤中凹陷西次洼浅层晚期快速充注成藏模式

渤中凹陷西次洼新近系油气资源丰富,成藏主控因素及成藏机理研究有待深入。通过烃源岩成熟度模拟、原油地球化学及油源关系分析、流体包裹体分布特征及均一温度测定,结合断层的封闭性能及疏导体系等成藏要素的综合分析,结果表明:渤中西次洼存在沙三、沙一-沙二与东三段3套烃源岩,其中沙三段为优质烃源岩,成熟度高;该区原油成熟度普较高,为烃源岩在生油高峰及后期生成的原油,主要与沙三段烃源岩相关;渤中8区新近系储层砂岩孔隙烃与油气包裹体发蓝白色荧光,油气包裹体丰度(GOI)普遍较低,主要为一期包裹体,均一温度表明油气主要充注期为3.5 Ma B.P.、1.0 Ma B.P.以后,为晚期快速充注成藏。在新构造运动活动期,持续快速生烃、供烃能力强的烃源灶、高效的断裂输导格架,为晚期快速成藏的主控因素;"高效供烃、主断控藏、浅层聚集"为该区油气成藏模式。