Phylogeny and divergence of Chinese Angiopteridaceae based on chloroplast DNA sequence data （rbcL and trnL-F）

Marattioid ferns are an ancient lineage of primitive vascular plants that first appeared in the middle Carboniferous. Extant members are almost exclusively restricted to tropical regions, and the spe- cies-rich family Angiopteridaceae are limited in their distribution to the eastern hemisphere; relation- ships within the group are currently vague. Here the phylogenetic relationship between Angiopteris Hoffm. and Archangiopteris Christ et Gies. was evaluated based on the sequence analysis of chloro- plast rbcL gene and trnL-F intergenic spacer with MEGA2 and MrBayes v3.0b4. On the basis of the phy- logenetic pattern and fossil record, we further estimated the divergence time for the two genera. The phy- logenetic trees revealed that all species of Angiopteris and Archangiopteris in this study formed a monophyletic group with strong statistical support, but the relationship between the two genera re- mained unresolved based on individual sequence analysis. On the other hand, the sequence analyses of combined data set revealed that Archangiopteris species diverged first, indicating that Archangiop- teris may not be a direct derivative as traditionally assumed. The clade of Angiopteris and Archan- giopteris appears to have diversified in the late Oligocene (≈26 Ma) based on the molecular estimate. Thus, the evolutionary history of extant Angiopteris and Archangiopteris has been characterized by ancient origin and recent diversification, and these groups are not relic and endangered lineages as traditionally considered.     

壳菜果亚科(金缕梅科)与相关亚科的核糖体DNAITS区序列分析及系统发育关系(英文)

测定和分析了金缕梅科（Ｈａｍａｍｅｌｉｄａｃｅａｅ）壳菜果亚科等各亚科代表属的核糖体ＤＮＡＩＴＳ区和５８Ｓ编码区序列．应用最大简约法构建的分子系统树表明：壳菜果亚科（Ｍｙｔｉｌａｒｉｏｉｄｅａｅ）植物形成１个单系类群［含壳菜果属（Ｍｙｔｉｌａｒｉａ）和山桐材属（Ｃｈｕｎｉａ）］,支持壳菜果亚科作为１个独立的亚科．本研究所得到的ＩＴＳ数据表明马蹄荷亚科（Ｅｘｂｕｃｋｌａｎｄｉｏｉｄｅａｅ）与红花荷亚科（Ｒｈｏｄｏｌｅｉｏｉｄｅａｅ）,金缕梅亚科（Ｈａｍａｍｅｌｉｄｉｏｉｄｅａｅ）与双花木亚科（Ｄｉｓａｎｔｈｏｉｄｅａｅ）分别为姐妹群关系（其自展数据支持率各为９５％和５８％）．分子系统树还表明,测得的所有金缕梅科植物形成一单系类群（其自展数据支持率为９９％）,枫香亚科（Ｌｉｑｕｉｄａｍｂａｒｏｉｄｅａｅ）为该科最基础的１个分支．这结果与１９９７年所得到的结论相一致．     

金缕梅族ITS序列分析及其系统学意义

对金缕梅亚科１５属植物的细胞核核糖体ＤＮＡＩＴＳ区（含５．８Ｓ编码区）序列进行分析,并构建分子系统树,初步探讨金缕梅族的系统发育,结果表明：金缕梅族呈复系演化特征,Ｊｕ桠亚族Ｊｕ木属和四药门花属是关系密切姐妹群,与蜡瓣花系统关系较近,三者共同构成金缕梅亚科最基部的分支;马岛金缕梅亚族的Ｎｏａｈｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ和毛枝花属是秀柱花族的姐妹群;金缕梅亚族金缕梅属与弗特族亲缘关系较密切,有可能可以合并成一个     

中国斑腿蝗科线粒体基因的分子系统学研究(英文)

使用线粒体基因COⅠ,COⅡ,Cytb分析并建立中国斑腿蝗科部分种属的系统发育关系,其中对7个新种(Apalacris eminifronta,Caryanda pseudodentata,Caryanda bannaensis,Caryanda ruiliensis,Longchuanacris fui,Longchuanacris xiaoheis-hanensis,Podismodes dabieshanensis)的归属从分子角度也做了讨论。本研究将实验所获得的56条序列与NCBI中所收录的斑腿蝗科序列进行联合分析,采用最大似然法、贝叶斯推论等系统分析方法并综合P距离进行分析,最终得出以下几点结论:①龙川蝗属Longchuanaceis Zheng et Fu划归卵翅蝗亚科Caryandinae;②蹦蝗属Sinopodisma Chang、云秃蝗属Yunnanacris Chang均为华秃蝗属Podismodes Ramme的同物异名;③不支持Storozhenko将豫蝗属Yupodisma Zhang et Xia并入安秃蝗属AnapodismaDovnar-Zapolskii,从本研究所建的系统发育树来看,豫蝗属仍应作为秃蝗亚科Podisminae的一个独立属;④前人利用形态特征鉴定的七个新种与分子系统发育分析结果一致,新种独立有效。     

云南鳞毛蕨属边果鳞毛蕨组的分类研究

本文记载云南产鳞毛蕨属边果鳞毛蕨组6种植物。文中列有检索表及每种的文献引证、标本引证和地理分布。     

西鄂尔多斯特有种四合木与同生境下蒺藜科三个种的核rDNA ITS的序列比较研究

为揭示分布于西鄂尔多斯高原的中国特有种四合木对生境的适应性及与其他属的亲缘关系，用PCR直接测序方法，对四合木与同生境蒺藜科(zygophllyaceae)其他3个种的核糖体DNA ITS片段进行了序列分析，结果表明，4种植物在ITS片段长度、GC百分含量和变异位点数上均存在一定差异，ITSl长177-212bp，ITS2长218-237bp；GC含量为57．7％～62％，信息位点比例30．1％，系统发育分析表明，四合木(Tetraena mongolica Maxim)与霸王(Zygo-phyllum xanthoxylum Maxim)在系统位置上较相近，白刺(Nitraria sibirica Pall)与蒺藜(Tribulus terrestris L．)较相近，ITS所揭示的亲缘关系与这些种的形态学和胚胎学特征相似。     

江蓠属和龙须菜属5种海藻ITS序列分子系统学分析

测定了江蓠属Gracilaria和龙须菜属Gracilariopsis 5个物种的23个群体的ITS(含5.8S rDNA)序列,并结合GenBank数据库中现有江蓠科Gracilariaceae的16个物种的ITS序列进行分析,在不同分类阶元中探讨了序列变异和和系统进化关系。江蓠科海藻ITS序列长度在893～1 508 bp之间,种间遗传距离在0.041～0.600之间,种内遗传距离在0.000～0.012之间,其种间遗传距离均大于种内遗传距离;ITS系统发育聚类结果显示江蓠科分为两大分支,分别是江蓠属/Hydropuntia分支、龙须菜属/蓠生藻属Gracilariophila分支;江蓠科海藻5.8S序列种内种间变异很小,但存在稳定的属间区分位点,可用于属以上水平的分类鉴定;中国、美国和俄罗斯三地的真江蓠群体的ITS序列存在9个稳定的变异位点,可以将不同地理群体区分开。     

番红花及其混淆品的rDNA ITS序列与AS-PCR鉴别

通过对番红花及其混淆品的rDNA ITS区序列进行 PCR 扩增、测序,并运用 Clustal X、Mega 3.0等软件进行序列分析.结果表明番红花 rDNA ITS 区序列全长650 bp,GC百分比为60.3%,与其混淆品的rDNA ITS 区序列存在着显著差异.另外,还设计出了鉴别番红花的位点特异性PCR引物,无需测序即可对番红花及其混淆品进行准确的分子鉴别.     

拟单性木兰属近缘植物matK基因的序列分析

测定了木兰科（Ｍａｇｎｏｌｉａｃｅａｅ）拟单性木兰属（Ｐａｒａｋｍｅｒｉａ）等１０种（１１个样）植物的叶绿体ＤＮＡｍａｔＫ基因部分序列（１０３９碱基对）．最大同源性分析构建的系统树图建议：①拟单性木兰属与单性木兰属（Ｋｍｅｒｉａ）有极近的同源关系;②木兰属（Ｍａｇｎｏｌｉａ）的玉兰亚属（ＳｕｂｇｅｎｕｓＹｕｌａｎｉａ）与拟单性木兰属和单性木兰属关系亦很近,并形成１个单系分支;而木兰属的２个亚属,木兰亚属（ＳｕｂｇｅｎｕｓＭａｇｎｏｌｉａ）与玉兰亚属之间的关系却较远,木兰属内呈并系演化特征;③木兰亚属,木莲属（Ｍａｎｇｌｉｅｔｉａ）以及玉兰亚属、拟单性木兰属和单性木兰属所组成的分支形成一个单系分支．拟单性栏属、单性木兰属的系统位置,以及它们与栏属之间的关系需要重新考虑     

菊科紫菀族的系统发育与分类研究

本文对紫菀族（菊科，Ａｓｔｅｒｅａｅ）的系统发育与分类进行了分支系统学研究。结果表明，Ｇｒａｎｇｅｉｎａｅ亚族是该族原始类群；其余属群可以分为两大亚族，即：一支黄花亚族（Ｓｏｌｉｄａｇｉｎａｅ）和紫菀亚族（Ａｓｔｅｒｉｎａｅ）。分支图还清楚地揭示出分布在世界各大洲的紫菀族植物在系统发育上的密切联系，据此可以摒弃先前的研究者Ｇｒａｎ（格劳）仅按照地理分布这个单一的性状对紫菀族所作出的不正确的分类。     

Phylogenetic position of three Condylostoma species （Protozoa,Ciliophora, Heterotrichea） inferred from the small subunit rRNA gene sequence

The systematically poorly known ciliate genus Condylostoma was erected by Vincent in 1826. About 10 morphotypes have been reported, but any molecular investigations concerning this group so far are lacking. In this work, the small subunit ribosomal RNA （SS rRNA） gene of three marine Condylostoma species was sequenced, by which the phylogenetic trees were constructed by distancematrix, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. The results show that （1） all the trees have similar topologies with high supports; （2） Condylostoma is mostly related to the genus Condylostentor; and （3） three Condylostoma species as well as Condylostentor auriculatus cluster together and form a sister group with other heterotrichs. This is moderately consistent with the assessment of phylogenetic relationships of Condylostoma-related heterotrichs from the morphological information. The phylogenetic relationship of some other related heterotrichs, Peritromus, Folliculina, Stentor and Blepharisma, has been also discussed.     

Tingia unita sp. nov. （Noeggerathiales） with strobilus from the Lower Permian of Wuda, Inner Mongolia, China

A number of specimens recently collected from the Early Permian Shanxi Formation of Wuda, Inner Mongolia demonstrate that the leafy shoot and strobilus of Tingia unita sp. nov. are both sprouting from a common stem, and consequently improve our understanding of the whole plant mor- phology of this enigmatic taxon of the Cathaysian flora. The strobili are cylinder-like, 1.7-2.5 cm in diameter and over 20 cm in length, with a basal stalk 7―8 mm in width and about 7 cm long. Sporophylls are verticillate, with approximately 8-10 in a whorl. On the adaxial side of each sporophyll a sporangium is attached. The strobilus is heterosporous and the microspores are of the Punctatisporites type. Large leaves vary from linear to oblong with entire lateral margins but are slightly lobed at the apex. Small leaves are generally the same as the large leaves but much narrower. The whole plant is probably a small arborescent tree with leafy shoots and strobili forming a crown, rather than a water plant with larger leaves floating on the surface of the water as previously understood. Features of the new species are in favor of the close affinity between Tingia Halle and Noeg- gerathiales, and accordingly the affinity of Noeg- gerathiales to Progymnospermophyta.     

Inclusion of the Eastern Asia endemic genus Sorolepidium in Polystichum （Dryopteridaceae）： Evidence from the chloroplast rbcL gene and morphological characteristics

The taxonomic status of the Eastern Asia endemic Sorolepidium is controversial. Some authors accept it as member of the large diverse genus Polystichum, whereas others suggest that it is an independent genus separated from the later by the exindusiate sorus and the absence of aristate teeth at the pinnae margins. Here we infer phylogenetic relationship of Sorolepidium using DNA sequences of the chloro-plast rbcL gene. Phylogenies were inferred using maximum-parsimony, maximum-likelihood, and Bayesian inference methods. Molecular data establish that Sorolepidium is deeply nested within the large genus Polystichum and has a close relationship with P. duthiei and P. lachenense in the model-based analyses. The Kimura 2-parameter distances of the rbcL sequences between S. glaciale and P. duthiei and P. lachenense were 0.1 and 0.2%, respectively. Furthermore, S. glaciale differed from P. duthiei by a single nucleotide in their rbcL sequences. Close relationships between S. glaciale and P. duthiei and P. lachenense are also supported by the shared spore ornamentation with echinate fenes-trate folds.     

总序香茶菜和蓝萼香茶菜挥发油成分研究

利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对总序香茶菜(RabdosiaRacemosa(Hemsl)Hara)和蓝萼香茶菜(Rabdosiajaponica(Burm f)Haravar.galaucocalyx(Maxin)Hara)挥发油化学成分进行了研究,分别鉴定出46种和40种组分,所鉴定化合物的相对含量分别占其全油的84 77%和73 5%.用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各成分的相对百分含量,其主要成分为酯类、烷类等.     

吉林省沼泽蝗属蝗虫一新种(直翅目:蝗总科)

沼泽蝗属Mecostethus Fieb.是蝗总科、斑翅蝗科中的一个小属，目前全世界已知有9种，主要分布于欧洲、亚洲东北部和非洲北部。栖息的环境多为沼泽地区或湿度大、植被覆盖度较高的地区。我国已知有4种。记述采自吉林省白城市的沼泽蝗属一新种，即白城沼泽蝗Mecostethus baichengensis sp.nov.,并与其近似种做了比较。模式标本保存于东北师范大学生命科学学院动物标本室。