稀土Ce在大热输入焊缝金属中的作用

研究了稀土Ce对大热输入焊缝金属中夹杂物尺寸大小和分布,焊缝金属的显微组织和力学性能的影响,探讨了稀土Ce的氧硫化物诱导针状铁素体的形核机理。结果表明,稀土Ce能细化焊缝金属的夹杂物,使焊缝金属中直径小于2.0μm的非金属夹杂物达90%以上。稀土Ce在大热输入焊缝金属中以Ce2O2S、Ce3S4和CeS的形式存在,形成中心为Al2O3、TiO、MnO和SiO2,表面为Ce2O2S、Ce2S3或CeS的非金属夹杂物,位于夹杂物表面的Ce2O2S、Ce3S4和CeS诱导针状铁素体形核,增加焊缝金属中针状铁素体的含量,抑制先共析铁素体的生成,细化焊缝金属晶粒,提高焊缝金属的韧性。稀土Ce的氧硫化物诱导针状铁素体形核的机理是Ce2O2S、Ce3S4和CeS与针状铁素体的错配度小。     

微合金钢焊缝金属中的针状铁素体

系统地分析了微合金钢焊缝金属中针状铁素体组织的形成条件及特点 ,对夹杂物粒径、数量进行了统计分析 ,并阐述了针状铁素体的形核位置。结果表明 ,焊缝金属化学成分和冷却速度是影响针状铁素体 (AF)的主要因素 ,应力对焊缝金属相变的影响很小。焊缝金属中约有 6 0 %夹杂物的粒径都小于 0 .6 μm ,只有不足 10 %的夹杂物粒径大于 1 0 μm ,约有 94 %以上提供针状铁素体 (AF)形核的夹杂物的粒径为 0 .2～ 0 .6 μm。微合金钢焊缝金属最理想的组织是获得大于 6 5 %的针状铁素体 ,其平均板条尺寸约为 1μm。AF在原奥氏体晶内合适粒径的夹杂物上形核长大 ,在较粗大的原奥氏体晶粒和夹杂物粒径大于 2 μm条件下 ,焊缝金属可得到大量的AF。AF在夹杂物上形核机理有 3种 :形核剂与核心共格界面形核机理、高能惰性基体形核机理及高应变能区形核机理。     

微合金钢焊缝金属中的针状铁素体

系统地分析了微合金钢焊缝金属中针状铁素体组织的形成条件及特点，对夹杂物粒径、数量进行了统计分析，并阐述了针状铁素体的形核位置。结果表明，焊缝金属化学成分和冷却速度是影响针状铁素体(AF)的主要因素，应力对焊缝金属相变的影响很小。焊缝金属中约有60％夹杂物的粒径都小于0．6μm，只有不足10％的夹杂物粒径大于1．0μm，约有94％以上提供针状铁素体(AF)形核的夹杂物的粒径为0．2～0．6μm．微合金钢焊缝金属最理想的组织是获得大于65％的针状铁素体，其平均板条尺寸约为1μm，AF在原奥氏体晶内合适粒径的夹杂物上形核长大，在较粗大的原奥氏体晶粒和夹杂物粒径大于2μm条件下，焊缝金属可得到大量的AF。AF在夹杂物上形核机理有3种；形核剂与核心共格界面形核机理、高能惰性基体形核机理及高应变能区形核机理。     

X80管线钢埋弧焊缝组织特征及其控制的试验研究

从贝氏体强化针状铁素体基体角度出发,采用降低碳元素、提高锰元素含量,并添加镍元素以增加贝氏体转变区和高温铁素体转变区的分离程度的技术路线,进行Mn-Ni-Mo-Ti-B合金系X80级(σs≥551 MPa)管线钢埋弧焊丝的试验研究.焊缝的力学性能测试以及SEM、TEM显微组织观察结果表明,对于所研究的焊缝,过高的锰元素含量因提高冷裂纹敏感指数(Pcm)而细化焊缝金属原奥氏体晶粒尺寸,增加贝氏体形核质点,减少了晶内形核的针状铁素体含量,焊缝韧性下降.镍元素对Pcm贡献较小,且镍元素使焊缝金属基体易于交叉滑移,因而合适的镍元素含量有利于提高焊缝的强韧性.针状铁素体片以夹杂物为核心呈放射状生长,夹杂物周围的局部合金元素(Mn,Ti等)贫乏区提高铁素体相变温度,有利于针状铁素体在该区优先形核.另外,夹杂物周围不存在镍元素的贫乏区.     

X80管线钢埋弧焊缝组织特征及其控制的试验研究

从贝氏体强化针状铁素体基体角度出发，采用降低碳元素、提高锰元素含量，并添加镍元素以增加贝氏体转变区和高温铁素体转变区的分离程度的技术路线，进行Mn-Ni-Mo-Ti-B合金系X80级（σs≥551MPa）管线钢埋弧焊丝的试验研究。焊缝的力学性能测试以及SEM、TEM显微组织观察结果表明，对于所研究的焊缝，过高的锰元素含量因提高冷裂纹敏感指数（Pcm）而细化焊缝金属原奥氏体晶粒尺寸，增加贝氏体形核质点，减少了晶内形核的针状铁素体含量，焊缝韧性下降。镍元素对Pcm贡献较小，且镍元素使焊缝金属基体易于交叉滑移，因而合适的镍元素含量有利于提高焊缝的强韧性。针状铁素体片以夹杂物为核心呈放射状生长，夹杂物周围的局部合金元素（Mn，Ti等）贫乏区提高铁素体相变温度，有利于针状铁素体在该区优先形核。另外，夹杂物周围不存在镍元素的贫乏区。     

氧化铈对FAB法埋弧焊缝组织与性能的影响

实验研究了CeO_2对FAB(焊剂石棉衬垫单面焊)法埋弧焊D32船用高强钢焊缝金属组织及性能的影响.结果表明:在焊接电弧作用下,CeO_2使焊缝金属增氧,Mn和Si含量降低;CeO_2能细化FAB埋弧焊焊缝金属中夹杂物,促进直径小于2.0μm铈的氧硫复合物形成,并诱导大量针状铁素体形成;合金粉中加入CeO_2后,焊缝金属显微组织主要为针状铁素体、少量先共析铁素体与侧板条铁素体;合金粉中CeO_2质量分数不超过3%时,焊缝金属的屈服强度、抗拉强度、V型缺口冲击值随CeO_2质量分数增加而增加,当达到5%时,焊缝金属的屈服强度、抗拉强度和V型缺口冲击值有所下降.焊缝金属中CeS,Ce_2S_3和Ce_2O_2S复合夹杂物诱导针状铁素体的形核机理是它们与针状铁素体的错配小,符合最小错配度形核机理.     

稀土处理C-Mn钢显微组织和夹杂物演化

对稀土处理C-Mn钢的夹杂物和显微组织进行分析,统计稀土处理C-Mn钢中针状铁素体形核核心尺寸,并将稀土处理钢在不同温度下淬火,研究稀土夹杂物生成和长大过程. 实验结果表明:C-Mn钢加入少量稀土后钢中夹杂物从MnS﹢硅铝酸盐夹杂转变为La2 O2 S﹢LaAlO3 ﹢MnS﹢硅铝酸盐夹杂,尺寸得到细化,显微组织也从马氏体﹢贝氏体组织变成侧板条铁素体、针状铁素体和块状铁素体组织;稀土处理C-Mn钢中针状铁素体有效形核核心的尺寸集中在1~4μm,主要是在钢液中形成,冷却和凝固过程形成的数量较少;稀土夹杂物在钢液温度和冷却及凝固过程容易碰撞黏合长大,上浮从钢液中去除, MnS能在稀土夹杂物颗粒间析出.     

铝对自保护药芯焊丝焊缝组织及力学性能的影响

通过光谱分析、Luzex.F图像分析、扫描电镜、能谱分析、力学性能试验等手段,研究了高铝BaF2渣系自保护药芯焊丝焊缝中的Al含量对焊缝中夹杂物、微观组织和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:随焊缝中的Al含量增高,焊缝夹杂物平均尺寸增大;焊缝中的夹杂物以AlN和Al2O3为主,在低Al焊缝中以Al2O3为主的夹杂物较多,而在高Al焊缝中AlN夹杂较多;Al含量的不同会引起焊缝微观组织的改变,以Al2O3为主的夹杂物能够诱导焊缝中针状铁素体形核,而AlN夹杂会引起焊缝组织粗大;焊缝中Al含量增加使焊缝的强度增高而韧性下降.     

冷却速度对La脱氧钢中晶内铁素体形成的影响

采用光学显微镜、带能谱的扫描电子显微镜等分析技术观察了不同冷速下La脱氧钢的显微组织,并绘制了静态连续冷却转变图.实验结果发现,在4~10℃·s-1的冷速范围内,钢中会有大量晶内铁素体形成,其中在8℃·s-1冷却时可以获得大量细小且弥散分布的晶内针状铁素体. La脱氧钢中含La夹杂物与α-Fe相有较低错配度,其中La2 O2 S夹杂物与α-Fe相的晶格错配度最小为0.2%,钢中含La夹杂物均可诱导晶内针状铁素体形核并可促进感生形核,进而细化组织.     

低碳微合金钢中Ti_xO--MnS型复合夹杂对焊接热影响区微观组织相变的影响

对比分析了两种低碳微合金钢中夹杂物对焊接热影响区组织相变的影响.对实验钢中夹杂物的分布和尺寸进行观察并在透射电镜下分析了夹杂物的选区衍射斑图样.采用热膨胀法结合金相分析建立了实验钢的连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线)和等温转变曲线(TTT曲线).研究发现,Ti脱氧钢中夹杂物以尺寸小于3μm的TixO--MnS型球状复合夹杂为主,其中TixO核心有两种类型(Ti2O3和Ti3O5).这类夹杂物具有诱导晶内针状铁素体形核的能力,针状铁素体优先在TixO--MnS型复合夹杂界面上形核,从而导致Ti脱氧钢相对于Al脱氧钢的贝氏体相变开始温度升高,相变时间也明显提前.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has