稀燃汽油机Nox排放控制的实验研究

开发了一套适用于稀燃汽油机的电控节气门系统以配合NOx吸附 还原催化转化器的再生过程.该系统对节气门开度以及点火提前角施以相应的特殊控制,以满足NOx吸附 还原催化转化器的工作要求,同时保持输出功率的稳定.将稀燃NOx吸附 还原催化转化器配合三效催化转化器应用于丰田8A16气门EFI发动机进行稀燃匹配实验,大大降低稀燃发动机的NOx排放,NOx排放最低可达50×10-6,最高转化率达91%.发动机浓稀转换频率越低,NOx排放越高,但其对NOx排放总体影响不大;负荷对NOx排放的影响较大,负荷越大,NOx排放越高.     

利用三效催化器控制汽油机稀薄燃烧NOx的排放

为降低汽油机稀薄燃烧NOx排放,研究了采用三效催化器的控制策略,分析了三效催化器在略高于当量 空燃比的稀薄燃烧条件下对NOx转化效率急剧下降的原因,从而提出了在较高空燃比的稀薄燃烧条件下利用三效 催化器控制稀薄燃烧NOx排放的策略,并进行了试验研究．在对三效催化器储氧机理分析基础上,进一步提出了一 种在空燃比浓稀变换条件下利用三效催化器控制NOx排放的策略,该策略大大降低稀薄燃烧汽油机的NOx排放; 通过试验对浓稀循环数和浓稀比例进行了优化．结果表明,稀薄燃烧时NOx转化效率可达45％,稳态NOx排放可 降至200×10-6以下．     

柴油车尾气排放控制技术进展

在节能减排政策的推动下,采用稀燃技术的柴油机日益受到人们的广泛关注。针对柴油机的主要排放污染物NOx和颗粒物(PM),从燃油品质、机内净化技术和柴油车后处理技术三个方面,综述了国内外柴油车尾气排放污染控制技术研究现状;机内净化技术重点论述了进气管理技术、新型燃烧技术、燃油喷射技术、废气再循环(EGR)技术等。柴油车后处理技术重点论述了氮氧化物处理技术和颗粒物捕集技术的研究思路和进展,展望了相关技术的发展方向。     

过氧化氢改善柴油机燃烧研究

提出采用过氧化氢组液参与柴油机的燃烧,对柴油机燃烧过程进行改善,同时降低油耗与排放的新方法.对过氧化氢的化学及物理特性进行了分析,建立了过氧化氢组液影响内燃机燃烧过程的机理模型,并且通过放热规律进行了试验验证.135单缸机的试验结果表明,过氧化氢组液的效果相当显著,可以同时降低油耗以及碳烟和NOx的排放.在过氧化氢雾化风量为2.5×10-4m3.s-1时,油耗从原机的347.19g.kW-1.h-1降到314.26g.kW-1.h-1;烟度从原机的3.0Rb降到2.4Rb;排气中NOx含量从原机的663×10-6降到639×10-6;排气中O2含量从原机的9.92%增至10.96%.     

用吸附还原与三元催化器组合降低富氧汽油机NOx的排放

采用稀燃技术虽可大幅改善汽油机的燃油经济性和排放性，却因稀燃的富氧燃烧使NOx降低较少．为此，采用吸附还原催化转化器与三元催化转化器的不同组合方案，对一台电控燃油喷射16气门稀燃汽油机进行了降低富氧条件下NOx排放的试验研究．试验结果表明：三元催化转化器位于吸附还原催化转化器之前的布置方案具有最好的降低稀燃汽油机NOx排放的效果．在该试验条件下，NOx催化转化率最高可达到97．3％。     

含Ni或Co双金属ZSM5催化剂的汽油机排放试验

为控制稀燃汽油机NOx排放,在汽油机稀燃排气条件下,试验考察NiCu-ZSM5、CuCo-ZSM5等双金属分子筛催化剂的活性规律.结果表明:双金属交换分子筛催化剂的高活性温度窗口较宽,NOx最高转化率明显提高,并出现了几个不同的NOx转化率的峰值;空燃比为19时,NiCu-ZSM5催化剂在255℃条件下NOx的最大转化率为43.9%,空燃比为17时,CuCo-ZSM5在255℃条件下NOx的最大转化率达到41.6%;在催化反应过程中出现了CO浓度增加的阶段,表明此时HC是NOx的主要选择还原气体.     

柴油机燃用柴油-丙烷混合燃料的性能与排放研究

利用高压氮气将丙烷在常温下液化,按不同比例与柴油进行充分而均匀的混合,制成柴油-丙烷混合燃料.在直喷式柴油机上开展了燃用柴油-丙烷混合燃料时的发动机性能和排放特性研究.研究结果表明:与燃用柴油相比,燃用柴油-丙烷混合燃料时,在整条曲线上,有效热效率随混合燃料中丙烷比例的增加而增加,平均由31.6%增加至33.7%;有效燃料消耗率随混合燃料中丙烷比例的增加而降低,平均由268.3 g/(kW.h)降低至248.6 g/(kW.h);CO、HC和碳烟排放随混合燃料中丙烷比例的增加而降低,CO排放平均由0.059%降至0.046%,HC排放平均由45×10-6降至21.8×10-6,碳烟排放平均由1.057 m-1降至0.364 m-1;NOx排放随混合燃料中丙烷比例的增加而增加,平均由730×10-6增至1 226×10-6.     

基于正交试验的双P型辐射管三级燃烧器低NOx仿真

为降低双P型辐射管NOx 排放,运用扩散式分段燃烧的低NOx 均匀化燃烧技术,设计一种辐射管三级燃烧器,对其进行数值模拟,经过验证模型可靠.对燃烧器结构及运行参数进行正交试验和单因素研究.研究表明：空气预热温度、空气分级配比和空气过剩系数对出口NOx 排放浓度有显著的影响,相互无交互作用;一次风量由10%增大到20%时NOx 生成量由65.2×10-6增加到108.2×10-6,一次风量增加到30%以上时出口NOx 体积分数增加速率趋缓;空气预热温度每增加100益,最高燃烧温度增加约50益,排放气体中NOx 体积分数由50.9×10-6以22%、23.2%、25.3%、27.2%、27.3%和29.5%的速率增加;随空气过剩系数增加,出口NOx 体积分数由82×10-6呈22.1%、1.9%、2.1%、24%和2.5%的波动增长趋势.     

汽油机分层废气再循环与稀薄混合气燃烧

为探索汽油机清洁燃烧技术途径 ,设计了 5气门汽油机馅饼状分层充气系统 ,试验对比了在分层充气前提下的稀燃和废气再循环对发动机排放特性的影响 ,并研究了两者叠加后对发动机性能的影响。试验结果表明 ,采用分层充气方式能够使废气再循环率达到 3 2 % ;在相同进气充量时 ,废气再循环与稀燃对改善 NOx 排放的效果基本相同 ;稀燃与废气再循环相结合可以获得比单纯稀燃或单纯废气再循环更好的综合性能 ,使 NOx 和 CO排放均降低到化学计量比无废气再循环情况下的排放指标的 10 %以下。稀燃与分层充气废气再循环相结合 ,简便可行 ,为研发低污染发动机提供了新思路     

火花点火发动机稀燃NOx排放控制的电控节气门系统研究

为应用吸附还原催化器控制稀燃NO_z排放,建立了一套火花点火发动机的电控节气门系统．当发动机短时间工作在富燃状态时,通过控制节气门开度和点火提前角,可以获得稳定的功率和扭矩输出．在丰田8A16气门电喷汽油机上进行了试验研究,同时采用吸附还原催化器和三效催化器控制排放．催化后NO_z排放最低可达50×10~(-6),转化效率高迭90%以上．在浓稀变换过程中,催化后的NO_z排放保持稳定．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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