Mechanical and thermal properties of AA7075/TiO2/Fly ash hybrid composites obtained by hot forging

In the present paper, multiple reinforcements TiO2 and fly ash were utilized for the fabrication of AA7075 matrix based hybrid composites using stir casting technique followed by hot forging. In hybrid composites, the fly ash content was fixed to 3 wt% while that of TiO2 was varied from 2.5 to 10 wt%. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed homogenous dispersion of both the reinforcements in AA7075 matrix.Compression test was conducted to study the mechanical behaviour of hybrid composites. The hybrid composites showed increase in compressive strength with the incorporation of multiple reinforcements and further increased with the increase in the weight fractions of TiO2 particles. The coefficient of thermal expansion was measured between 50 and 250 ℃ with a high precision thermal mechanical analyser. The thermal coefficient of hybrid composites decreased with the addition of TiO2 and fly ash. However a slight decrease in thermal conductivity of hybrid composites was observed when compared to that of AA7075 alloy.     

同主族C-Si共掺杂TiO2可见光区光催化性能的第一性原理计算

本文利用密度泛函理论（DFT）第一性原理平面波超软赝方法对C-Si共掺杂TiO2电子结构、差分电荷密度和光学特性进行了研究,计算结果表明,共掺杂能明显降低体系的带隙(约为1.7eV)。能有效增加其光催化活性;从总态密度图可以得到,费米能级附近的杂质态降低了载波跃迁能。C-Si的共掺杂能有效提高其在可见光区域的吸收系数,特别是在三种不同的构型中,第三构型在可见光区域具有最大吸收系数。     

Improving thermal insulation of TC4 using YSZ-based coating and SiO2 aerogel

In this paper, air plasmas spray(APS) was used to prepare YSZ and Sc2O3–YSZ(Sc YSZ) coating in order to improve the thermal insulation ability of TC4 alloy. Si O2 aerogel was also synthesized and affixed on TC4 titanium alloy to inhabit thermal flow. The microstructures, phase compositions and thermal insulation performance of three coatings were analyzed in detail. The results of thermal diffusivity test by a laser flash method showed that the thermal diffusivities of YSZ, Sc2O3–YSZ and Si O2 aerogel are 0.553, 0.539 and 0.2097 10 6m2/s, respectively. Then,the thermal insulation performances of three kinds of coating were investigated from 20 1C to 400 1C using high infrared radiation heat flux technology. The experimental results indicated that the corresponding temperature difference between the top TC4 alloy(400 1C) and the bottom surface of YSZ is 41.5 1C for 0.6 mm thickness coating. For 1 mm thickness coating, the corresponding temperature difference between the top TC4 alloys(400 1C) and the bottom surface of YSZ, Sc YSZ, Si O2 aerogel three specimens is 54, 54.6 and 208 1C, respectively. The coating thickness and species were found to influence the heat insulation ability. In these materials, YSZ and Sc YSZ exhibited a little difference for heat insulation behavior. However, Si O2 aerogel was the best one among them and it can be taken as protection material on TC4 alloys. In outer space,Si O2 aerogel can meet the need of thermal insulation of TC4 of high-speed aircraft.     

热处理对3Cr2W8V和4Cr5MoSiV1钢力学性能的影响

本文对热作模具钢３Ｃｒ２Ｗ８Ｖ和４Ｃｒ５ＭｏＳｉＶ１钢的耐磨性、高温拉伸、冲击性能及热疲劳抗力进行了对比研究．结果表明，４Ｃｒ５ＭｏＳｉＶ１钢的高温强韧性优于３Ｃｒ２Ｗ８Ｖ钢，且具有更高的耐磨性及热疲劳抗力，更适宜做摩擦压力机热锻模．     

MgH_2的结构与热力学性质的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函的第一性原理方法计算了四角形MgH2的电子结构,通过准谐德拜模型研究了MgH2在压强为0～100 GPa,温度为0～600 K范围内的热力学性质。研究得到了MgH2零温零压下的平衡体积V、晶格常数、带隙,以及体弹模量B0、摩尔定压热容Cp,m、熵S、德拜温度Θ、体膨胀系数α随温度和压强的变化关系。     

(Th,Pa)O2和(U,Pa)O2的结构与性质的密度泛函研究

本文基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,采用广义梯度近似的PBEsol+U方法计算了ThO2﹑PaO2﹑UO2﹑(Th, Pa)O2和(U, Pa)O2的结构、力学、电子和光学性质. 结构优化的结果表明PBEsol+U方法能对锕系氧化物ThO2﹑PaO2和UO2提供较好的晶格参数和力学参量. 计算ThO2﹑PaO2和UO2的晶格参数和带隙与实验值和相关理论值做了比较,且与实验值吻合较好. 同时,(Th, Pa)O2和(U, Pa)O2的晶格参数处于ThO2与UO2之间,同时预测(Th, Pa)O2和(U, Pa)O2的带隙也处于ThO2与UO2的带隙值之间. 电子性质计算表明PaO2和UO2是Mott绝缘体,而ThO2是电荷转移绝缘体,这些是和实验和理论结论是一致的. 而(Th, Pa)O2和(U, Pa)O2在费米能级附近的电子态有显著的自旋极化效应,且导带分别主要是Pa-5f和U-5f电子态占据. 最后,对比分析了这些体系的光学介电函数的实部和虚部以及光学参数.     

Band structur e design of semiconduc tors for enhanced photocatalytic activity: The case of TiO2

General strategies are proposed by passivated co-doping in present paper to improve the photocatalytic activity of semiconductors for degradation of environmental pollutants.The ideal band gap of semiconductors for enhancement of photocatalytic activity can be lowered to match with visible light absorption and the location of the Conduction Band(CB) should be raised to meet the reducing capacity.Then we apply the strategy to anatase TiO2.It is predicted that nonmetal–metal co-doping TiO2can modify the catalyst band edges by raising the valence band(VB) edge signifcantly and making the CB edge increased 0.24 eV.Therefore,the band gap for co-doping system should be narrowed to about2.72 eV.(N,Ta) is predicted to be the target donor–acceptor combination with the band gap of 2.71 eV,which red-shifts the TiO2absorption edge to 457.6 nm in visible range.The band engineering principle will be ft to other wide-band-gap semiconductors for enhanced photocatalytic activity.     

难熔元素合金化NiAl合金的第一性原理计算

基于密度泛函理论,研究了合金元素Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta对NiAl合金的电子结构、力学性能和热学性能的影响,分析了合金相的晶胞参数、态密度、韧脆性以及焓、自由能、熵、德拜温度和热容。研究表明:Zr、Hf、Nb和Ta在晶胞结构中都倾向于取代Al位点,合金化后晶胞的晶格参数和晶胞体积均增加到不同程度。态密度图显示0～20 eV能量范围内,态密度分布均较为平均,没有局域的态密度(density of states, DOS)尖峰,-10～0 eV能量区间内态密度均出现最强峰。由柯西压力值判断,Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta的加入均使柯西压力值增大,且合金相模量比(ratio of shear modulus to bulk modulus,G/B)的值均小于0.57,合金相表现出相对韧性。在0～1 700 K温度范围内,合金相的焓、熵均随温度的升高而增大,当温度高于400 K时,合金相的德拜温度均趋于420 K;随着温度的升高,合金相的热容值均趋近于杜隆-珀蒂极限值,表明合金化后结构体现出良好的热力学性能。     

MgH2的结构与热力学性质的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函的第一性原理方法计算了四角形MgH2的电子结构,通过准谐德拜模型研究了MgH2在压强为0～100 GPa,温度为0～600 K范围内的热力学性质。研究得到了MgH2零温零压下的平衡体积V、晶格常数、带隙,以及体弹模量B0、摩尔定压热容Cp,m、熵S、德拜温度Θ、体膨胀系数α随温度和压强的变化关系。     

3Y—ZrO_2陶瓷的组织及力学性能研究

本文研究了超细粉3mol%Y_2O_3—ZrO_2陶瓷的组织结构及力学性能,结果表明,随烧结温度升高,晶粒长大,单斜相含量增多。强度、硬度随单斜相含量的增多而下降,具有(T+M)双相组织的断裂韧性较高。     

Nb2O5含量对碲锌钡铌玻璃性能的影响研究

本文设计并制备了TeO2-ZnO-BaF2-Nb2O5系列玻璃,考察Nb2O5含量变化对玻璃结构和玻璃性能的影响。研究发现,随着Nb2O5含量的增加,[TeO4]和[TeO3]的含量比先增加后减少,玻璃的网络结构先增强后减弱。相应地,玻璃的热稳定性先增加后降低,△T和S参数的值先增大后减小。在Nb2O5含量15mol%时热稳定性最高。另外,随着Nb2O5含量的增加,玻璃带隙减小,有利于光学性能提高。     

珍珠母堆垛微结构的力学性能和热稳定性

一直以来,软体动物贝壳内的珍珠母因为其由文石片和片间有机基质薄层堆垛而成的微结构及其卓越的力学行为而广受关注,但对贝壳珍珠母的多级结构,尤其是其中的两级有机基质结构的力学功能研究甚少.本文通过机械载荷和温度载荷组合来研究皱纹盘鲍（Haliotis Discus Hannai）贝壳内的珍珠母的结构和力学特性关联.发现文石片层间的有机基质的热解有效降低了珍珠母堆垛微结构的强度和韧性,并在250℃时使珍珠母的层叠堆垛结构完全崩溃,此时有机基质的热解量约为1.7wt%,仅为有机基质总量的40%.而力学性能试验比较发现,珍珠母堆垛微结构的热稳定远低于其基本组成单元——文石片纳米复合结构.另外,尽管有机基质薄层的黏着作用对珍珠母的力学性能具有积极意义,但珍珠母微结构本身的逐层交错堆垛设计机制是影响其刚度的决定性因素.     

Enhancement of the thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethane/ polyvinyl chloride blend by loading single walled carbon nanotubes

Structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of pure blend and nanocomposites based on polyurethane (PU) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) doped with low different content of single walled-carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were studied. The nanocomposites at different concentration were prepared via casting technique. The interaction between PU/PVC and CNTs were examined via FT-IR studies. The changes in the structures of the nanocomposites were examined using X- Ray Diffraction (XRD), and the results indicated that the amorphous domains of nanocomposites increased with increasing SWCNTs content. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation indicated that SWCNTs surface was wrapped with the polymer with the thermal properties of nanocomposites improved. The mechanical behavior of the nanocomposites was evaluated as a function of SWCNTs content. The main enhancement in tensile properties was observed, e.g., the tensile strength and elastic modulus increased compared with the pure blend, which may be attributed to the interaction and adhesion between CNTs and the polymer matrices due to the hydrogen bonding between carbonyl groups (C=O) of polymer blend chains and carboxylic acid (COOH) groups of CNTs.     

PP/TiO2复合材料的力学性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了PP/TiO2复合材料,并研究了TiO2的表面处理、含量及粒径对复合材料的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度两大主要力学性能的影响.实验结果表明,钛酸酯类偶联剂能很好地改善TiO2粒子与PP基体的界面相容性,从而使复合材料的力学性能提高;经表面处理后的纳米TiO2所填充复合材料的力学性能明显优于普通TiO2（微米级）;而且处理后的纳米TiO2在填充量为4%时对PP的增强增韧效果最佳.     

Novel porous ceramic with high strength and thermal performance using MA hollow spheres

The objective of this work is to obtain a multifunctional porous ceramic material at low cost with improved properties and that can be used in many applications like: thermal and acoustic insulation, refractory support and hot gas filtration elements. To that end, a novel facile strategy to fabricate porous ceramics by foaming and pore-forming agent methods using magnesia-aluminum spinel hollow spheres (MASHSs) was reported for the first time, in which calcium aluminate cement (CAC) served as high-temperature binder. The influence of temperature ranging from 1500 ?°C to 1700 ?°C on the thermal conductivity, porosity and mechanical strength were investigated. The results show that, the obtained MASHSs ceramic exhibits high porosity (67.2–71.9%) and thermal conductivity (0.18–0.38 ?W/mK), and compressive strength (6.1–17.1 ?MPa), which is mainly due to the change in crack directions and microstructure optimization with the prolong of firing temperature. The crack directions changed from the surface of MASHSs to the interior MASHSs, which consumes more crack energy, and thus leading to the excellent mechanical performance. What is more, the introduction of MASHSs makes it difficult to lose heat at elevated temperature, and thereby improving the thermal conductivity of materials.     

氟化锂晶体热输运性质的理论研究

基于第一性原理理论求解玻尔兹曼运输方程的迭代解方法准确计算了氟化锂的晶格热导率.采用实空间有限差分超晶胞方法来计算二阶力常数和三阶的力常数.然后通过二阶力常数和三阶原子力常数计算氟化锂晶体的相关物理性质.结果表明,室温下氟化锂的晶格热导率为13.89W/(m·K),与实验结果一致,这表明这种计算方法可以准确得到这种材料的晶格热导率.     

Effect of Gd2O3 on the microstructure and thermal properties of nanostructured thermal barrier coatings fabricated by air plasma spraying

The nanostructured 4–8 mol% Gd_2O_3-4.5 mol% Y_2O_3-ZrO_2(4–8 mol% Gd YSZ) coatings were developed by the atmospheric plasma spraying technique. The microstructure and thermal properties of plasmasprayed 4–8 mol% Gd YSZ coatings were investigated. The experimental results indicate that typical microstructure of the as-sprayed coatings were consisted of melted zones, nano-zones, splats, nano-pores,high-volume spheroidal pores and micro-cracks. The porosity of the 4, 6 and 8 mol% Gd YSZ coatings was about 9.3%, 11.7% and 13.3%, respectively. It was observed that the addition of gadolinia to the nano-YSZ could significantly reduce the thermal conductivity of nano-YSZ. The thermal conductivity of Gd YSZ decreased with increasing Gd_2O_3 addition. And the reduction in thermal conductivity is mainly attributed to the addition of Gd_2O_3, which results in the increase in oxygen vacancies, lattice distortion and porosity.     

Dielectric AlN/epoxy and SiC/epoxy composites with enhanced thermal and dynamic mechanical properties at low temperatures

In a superconducting magnet, the thermal properties of the insulating material at low temperatures is an important technical index to ensure the normal operation of a superconducting coil. Herein, a low-temperature thermal conductivity testing device with a tiny uncertainty was developed to measure the composites. Furthermore, SiC/epoxy and AlN/epoxy composites were prepared and their properties were tested at low temperatures. The results showed that the composites have a better thermal conductivity at low temperatures than pure epoxy. In addition, the AlN/epoxy and SiC/epoxy composites have excellent dynamic mechanical properties and low coefficient of thermal expansion. Due to the fair thermal and dynamic mechanical properties, the composites will have potential application in the superconducting magnet.     

水稻基因组中U2snRNA基因连锁的分析

根据Ｕ２ｎＲＮＡ基因的保守性和结构特点设计引物,通过ＰＣＲ法扩增Ｕ２ｓｎＲＮＡ连锁基因间区的ＤＮＡ片段并进行顺序分析,证实在水稻中至少存在一组Ｕ２ｓｎＲＮＡ连锁基因。对水稻总ＤＮＡ的ＰＣＲ分析结果表明,水稻中可能还存在其他形式的连锁基因。ＰＣＲ方法可以有效地应用于结构保守基因的连锁分析中。