Effect of long-period stacking ordered phase on microstructure, mechanical property and corrosion resistance of Mg alloys: A review

Magnesium alloys containing long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase have been received a great deal of attention in the last decade owing to their excellent comprehensive properties of mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. In this paper, some fundamental aspects of LPSO containing Mg alloys have been reviewed, including: (1) microstructural characterization, formation conditions and the associated phase transformation of LPSO phases in Mg alloys; (2) deformation mechanism of LPSO phases and their influence on the deformation mechanism of the Mg matrix; (3) effect of LPSO structure on the mechanical performance such as tensile strength, creep resistance, fracture toughness and fatigue strength; (4) corrosion behavior of LPSO containing Mg alloys and their possible applications as the biomaterials. Moreover, some remaining unsolved issues of the LPSO containing Mg alloys and the future target about how to further improve their service properties have been also described.     

Improvement in the protective performance and adhesion of polypyrrole coating on AZ31 Mg alloys

The electrochemical synthesis of polypyrrole (Ppy) coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy was successfully achieved in a solution containing sodium salicylate and monomer of pyrrole through cyclic voltammetry technique. The effect of potential range, passivation pretreatment and number of cycles of polymerization on the quality and protective performance of the coatings was evaluated using surface analysis and electrochemical techniques. Through taking the advantage of charge transfer resistance, current density, corrosion potential, optical microscopy images and SEM micrographs, the optimum condition of synthesis of a Ppy coating with the best adhesion and corrosion protection was determined. The optimal PPy coating synthesized over AZ31 increases the polarization resistance and decreases the corrosion current more than one order of magnitude and shift the corrosion potential about 200 mV toward nobler potentials. The SEM studies showed that Ppy coating have cauliflower morphology of Ppy grains with a diameter ranging from 20 nm to 60 nm.     

Effects of icosahedral phase formation on the microstructure and mechanical improvement of Mg alloys: A review

Icosahedral phase (I-phase) is a relatively excellent strengthening phase in Mg alloys. Depending on their volume fraction, the yield strength of Mg–Zn–Y–Zr alloys can vary from 150 to 450 MPa at room temperature. Recently, the formation of I-phase has been considered as one of the most effective methods for developing high strength lightweight Mg alloys for automotive and aerospace applications. In this review article, a series of research work about I-phase containing Mg alloys have been systematically investigated including I-phase formation mechanism and their effects on mechanical properties of Mg alloys. Particular emphases have been given to: (1) Structure of I-phase and its orientation relationship with the a-Mg matrix. (2) Influence of alloying elements and solidification conditions on I-phase formation. (3) Effects of I-phase on microstructural evolution and mechanical improvement of Mg–Zn–Y–(Zr) alloys. Moreover, the applications of I-phase for the mechanical improvement of other Mg alloys such as AZ91 and super-lightweight Mg–Li alloys are also reviewed.     

储氢合金Mg2Ni的制备及其储氢性能分析

Mg-Ni基储氢合金以其比容量高、成本低而倍受关注.采用感应熔炼法,在不高于900 ℃的温度下成功制备出Mg2Ni合金,X射线衍射及金相组织分析表明,合金中主相为Mg2Ni.对制备出的Mg2Ni合金进行气态吸放氢性能测试,结果表明,经粉碎后的合金粉体经第1次活化,吸氢量为3.15 wt%,2次活化后吸氢量达到3.49 wt%,接近其理论值,而合金块体在第2次活化后的吸氢量远小于合金粉体的吸氢量,且第3次活化后未见明显增大.     

基于拉拔试验的GFRP筋与砂浆粘结性能研究

为了获得玻璃纤维筋与砂浆间的合理粘结性能参数,本文采用室内拉拔试验和数值模拟反演分析相结合的手段开展了相关研究.通过开展不同筋材直径与不同砂浆强度下的筋材拉拔试验,得到了不同工况下的粘结强度-滑移量曲线,探明了筋材直径与砂浆强度对GFRP筋粘结强度的影响规律.基于室内拉拔试验结果,采用有限差分软件FLAC~(3D)模拟再现了GFRP筋拉拔试验,对软件中的粘结性能参数进行了反演分析,修正得到了GFRP筋灌浆体刚度和黏聚强度的计算公式.研究结果表明:GFRP筋与砂浆间的粘结强度与筋材直径成负相关,与砂浆强度成正相关;在缺乏筋材拉拔试验数据时,纤维筋锚杆极限粘结强度宜取灌浆体抗压强度的五分之一,以求得灌浆体黏聚强度;纤维筋锚杆灌浆体刚度可采用普通钢筋锚杆灌浆体刚度计算公式获取,但应乘以位于(1/10, 1/15]区间内的折减系数.     

蓄能悬架结构参数设计与试验研究

为了分析车辆蓄能悬架的动态性能,应用复域机械阻抗法建立了1／4车辆蓄能悬架系统动力学模型及其结构形式。针对蓄能悬架性能评价指标多、参数多的特点,利用多目标优化法确定了悬架结构参数,在此基础上对该蓄能悬架的性能进行了仿真分析以及台架试验验证。结果表明,理论研究与试验结果较为吻合,所设计的蓄能悬架系统结构简单,容易实现,且设计的悬架参数明显提高了车辆乘坐舒适性,协调了车辆综合性能,为蓄能悬架的应用研究奠定了一定的基础。     

In fl uence of HEPES buffer on the local pH and formation of surface layer during in vitro degradation tests of magnesium in DMEM

The human body is a buffered environment where p H is effectively maintained. HEPES is a biological buffer often used to mimic the buffering activity of the body in in vitro studies on the degradation behavior of magnesium. However, the influence of HEPES on the degradation behavior of magnesium in the DMEM pseudo-physiological solution has not yet been determined. The research aimed at elucidating the degradation mechanisms of magnesium in DMEM with and without HEPES. The morphologies and compositions of surface layers formed during in vitro degradation tests for 15–3600 s were characterized. The effect of HEPES on the electrochemical behavior and corrosion tendency was determined by performing electrochemical tests. HEPES indeed retained the local p H, leading to intense intergranular/interparticle corrosion of magnesium made from powder and an increased degradation rate. This was attributed to an interconnected network of cracks formed at the original powder particle boundaries and grain boundaries in the surface layer, which provided pathways for the corrosive medium to interact continuously with the internal surfaces and promoted further dissolution. Surface analysis revealed significantly reduced amounts of precipitated calcium phosphates due to the buffering activity of HEPES so that magnesium became less well protected in the buffered environment.     

螺旋体结构参数对手性材料反射系数的影响

以石蜡为基底,以铜螺旋体为手性掺杂体,制作了手性复合材料,利用圆波导测量法在8.5～11.5 GHz频段内测量了各样品的反射系数.分析了螺旋体的螺径、螺距、线径、环数对手性材料的反射系数的影响.结果表明,选取适当结构参数的螺旋体,可以有效地降低手性材料的反射系数.     

输送机托辊阻力及跑合试验综合性能测试仪的设计(上)——测试仪机械传动系统

为实现对托辊阻力参数及综合性能的自动化、连续化的测试,论述了利用理论力学中“转动惯量法”构建机械传动控制系统,实现托辊阻力双参数测量的原理,阐明了采用压力传感器部件控制试验压力,达到托辊产品在规定压力下跑合要求的检测方法。     

Al含量对AZ系镁合金燃点的影响

为了考察AZ系镁合金中不同Al含量对其初始熔化温度、燃点以及热解起燃时所处状态的影响,对镁合金初始熔化温度及燃点进行测试, 采用FESEM扫描电镜对实验镁合金组织及燃烧前合金表面形貌进行观察,采用XRD对合金进行物相分析.结果表明,AZ系镁合金中Al含量较低时对燃点的影响表现为,随Al含量的增加低温熔点相β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂生成并逐渐增多,引起合金初始熔化温度的下降,降低了合金的燃点.同时,纯Mg及AZ31镁合金是在固态下起燃的;AZ61和AZ80镁合金是在半固态下起燃的,但AZ80的固相率更低.此外,Al含量的增加有利于合金起燃前表面膜的连续性与完整性,减缓合金燃点降低.     

Mg含量对可降解Zn-Ag-Mg合金的微观组织、力学性能、耐蚀性及细胞毒性的影响

制备了不同Mg含量的铸态Zn-5Ag-xMg(x=0,0.5,1,1.5,质量分数/%)合金。采用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、万能试验机、维氏硬度计、电化学工作站和CCK-8（Cell Counting Kit-8 试剂）等,研究了Mg含量对合金的显微组织、力学性能、耐蚀性能和细胞毒性的影响。结果表明,Zn-5Ag合金的第二相为ε-AgZn₃,而Mg的加入细化了合金的晶粒并新生成了Mg₂Zn₁₁相。随着Mg含量的增加,合金的抗压屈服强度从218 MPa提高到309 MPa,维氏硬度从71.4提高到131.9。电化学测试和体外浸泡实验表明,由于Mg含量的增加导致合金的耐蚀性能下降,体外降解速率由0.08 mm/a提高到0.16 mm/a。细胞毒性结果表明,Mg的添加可以提高小鼠胚胎成骨细胞（mouse embryonic osteoblasts cells,MC3T3-E1）的活力,所有合金表现出良好的生物相容性。     

三轴试验确定邓肯-张模型参数及其在 FLAC3D中的应用

目前在工程中广泛采用邓肯-张双曲线模型进行土体的应力和应变分析。邓肯-张E-B模型共有8个参数,并且其各项参数易于从常规三轴试验求得。通过三轴试验确定试验土的各项参数,运用FLAC3D实现该三轴试验数值模拟与试验结果对比验证,并应用于实际工程的数值模拟中。路基竖向位移计算值和监测值的对比验证了邓肯-张E-B本构模型在有限差分程序中的准确性和适用性。     

分析网络参数对Modular预报结果的影响

以实验数据为基础，分析网络参数对Modular预报30MnSi金属塑性变形抗力结果的影响，找出最佳网络参数，提高预报准确性。同时指出，在采用模糊神经网络进行预报时，分析网络参数对预报精度影响的必要性。     

非周期结构声表面波滤波器的COM参量提取

修正了无限周期栅格阵下表面声波模式传播的周期格林函数理论 ,引入了全新的在整体周期性结构中考虑畸变指条性质的方法 ,精确提取了非周期结构声表面波滤波器的COM参量     

Effect of alloying elements and processing parameters on the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect of Al-Mg alloys

The effects of alloying elements and processing parameters on the mechanical properties and Portevin-Le Chatelier effect of Al-Mg alloys developed for inner auto body sheets were investigated in detail. Tensile testing was performed in various Zn and Mg contents under different annealing and cold-rolling conditions. In the results, the stress drop and reloading time of serrations increase with increasing plastic strain and exhibit a common linear relationship. The increase rates of stress drop and reloading time increase with increasing Mg or Zn content. The alloys with a greater intensity of serrated yielding generally exhibit a greater elongation. The stress drop and reloading time of serrations decrease with increasing grain size in the case of the annealed samples. The cold-rolled sample exhibits the most severe serration because it initially contains a large number of grain boundaries and dislocations.     

间接挤压铸造工艺参数对铝合金中Si偏析的影响

研究间接挤压铸造工艺条件下,浇注温度、挤压压力、挤压速度、冷却速度及参数间的交互作用对6066铝合金中Si元素的偏析影响规律. 以凝固后零件热节位置硅的质量分数与合金初始硅的质量分数的差值定量表征偏析程度,采用考虑一级交互作用的四因素两水平正交设计,研究间接挤压条件下硅的偏析现象. 结果发现:浇注温度、挤压压力、挤压速度和冷却速度对硅偏析都有影响,其中浇注温度是影响最显著的因素. 随着浇注温度的升高,铝合金中Si偏析程度减小. 挤压压力和挤压速度对硅偏析的影响次之,但两者的影响趋势相反;模具冷却能力的影响程度与挤压压力和挤压速度的交互作用的影响程度相似,铜模套(高冷速)比钢模套(低冷速)的硅偏析程度要轻. 间接挤压铸造条件下,工件热节位置可以出现硅的负偏析.     

多孔镁/铝性能的比较研究

因基体在阻尼和塑性方面的差异,使本文研究的多孔镁,在阻尼性能和压缩应力应变行为上显示出与多孔铝有很大的差别。多孔镁具有更高的阻尼本领、更平坦的压缩应力－应变平台,在冲击能吸收结构中应用应更具有优势。     

含不同倾角裂隙类岩石试件力学参数试验研究

基于相似原理,制备出含不同角度裂隙类岩石试件及完整试件,分别对试件进行单轴压缩试验,测出其单轴峰值强度、弹性模量和泊松比;通过巴西劈裂法,测得含不同角度裂隙的试件及完整试件的抗拉强度;通过进行三轴压缩破坏试验,测出其三轴峰值强度,并结合单轴峰值强度,画出裂隙试件及完整试件的莫尔应力圆,从而计算出它们的内摩擦角、内聚力,然后分析这些力学参数的变化规律。     

强夯参数对夯击效果影响的室内模型试验研究

为了研究强夯法的加固机理和强夯过程中土体的变形规律,专门设计了半模试验箱和用于测试动应力的微型土压力盒,采用半圆形夯锤,进行强夯法加固粉土地基室内模型试验.分析夯击次数、落距、能级和锤径等参数变化时,土体内部动应力和位移的变化规律,研究各种参数变化对强夯加固效果的影响.试验结果表明:在能级一定时,单击夯沉量和影响深度随着夯击次数的增加而逐渐减小,累积夯沉量和影响深度随着夯击次数的增加而逐渐增加;在不同能级作用下,随着落距的增大,影响深度总体是在不断地减小;夯坑深度和影响深度都随着能级的增加而逐渐增大,影响深度与夯坑深度比值介于3～4之间;影响深度随着锤径的增大而减小,影响宽度则随着锤径的减小而有所增大.     

不同工艺条件对半固态挤压Mg2 Si/Al复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用等温热处理半固态挤压的方法制备Mg2Si/Al复合材料,研究等温热处理温度、保温时间和挤压比压对复合材料组织和布氏硬度的影响.结果表明:经过等温热处理后得到了基体α-Al和Mg2Si增强相双球化的半固态组织,其中,Mg2Si颗粒呈现球化,α-Al呈现规则球形或椭球形.当挤压比压恒定时,Mg2Si/Al复合材料显微组织中α-Al和Mg2Si颗粒的球化随着温度和保温时间的增加而更加明显,同时α-Al的粗化也更加明显;当等温热处理温度和保温时间恒定时,挤压比压对半固态挤压Mg2Si/Al复合材料显微组织的影响不大.硬度测试表明,当挤压比压恒定时,布氏硬度随着等温热处理温度和保温时间的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势;但当等温热处理温度和保温时间恒定时,随着挤压比压的增加,布氏硬度随之提高.